oases of oman livelihood systems at the crossroads Second EXPANDED edition AL ROYA PRESS & PUBLISHING HOUSE MUSCAT sponsored by University of agriculture, faisalabad, Pakistan The front cover of this volume shows the main terrace system of the 3,000 year old oasis of Biladsayt in the northern Al Hajar mountain range and the back page variation in irrigated wheat planting as a farmer strategy to cope with year-specific water availability during 2003, 2006 and 2007 in the agro-pastoral oasis of Maqta in the eastern Jabal Bani Jabir range of Oman. Al Roya Press & Publishing House P. O. Box 343, Postal Code 118, Al Harthy Complex, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman Tel: (968) 24 47 98 81/882/883/884/885/886/887/888, Fax: (968) 24 47 98 89 E-mail:
[email protected] www.alroya.net © Compilation: Andreas Buerkert and Eva Schlecht © Individual texts: Named authors Publisher: Hatim Al Taie Editors: Andreas Buerkert and Eva Schlecht In-house Editor: Helen Kirkbride Dr. Muhammad Jalal Arif, Principal Officer Public Relations & Publications (PRP) Dept. University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Design & Production: Dhian Chand Mumtaz Ali Officer Incharge, University Press University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Printed by: University Press University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan Second Published: November 2010 ISBN: 978-969-8237-51-6 Note: Data and literature complementing the information collected in this book can be accessed on the internet at: http://www.oases-of-oman.org contents Foreword 5 Authors 6 Introduction 7 Chapter 1 8