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REPORT of the SITUATION of the ROMA EAST EUROPEAN COMMUNITY in CATALONIA, Barcelona, 2018

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REPORT of the SITUATION of the ROMA EAST EUROPEAN COMMUNITY in CATALONIA, Barcelona, 2018 REPORT OF THE SITUATION OF THE ROMA EAST EUROPEAN COMMUNITY IN CATALONIA, Barcelona, 2018 Introduction The aim of this report is to manifest our worry by the lack or insufficient attention that the Roma Community receives in our country as well as to contribute with some elements of reflection to influence public policies strategies. The report has been elaborated within the ROMEST1 Network, which promoted and coordinated by VINCLE, Association for Research and Social Action, receives economic support from the general Direction of Community And Civic Action of the Department of Work, Social Affairs and Family from the Generalitat of Catalonia through its Roma People’s Plan. It is formed by numerous Entities that work direct or indirectly with this population and also by professionals of public services. The report contains the following sections: ✓ A difficult context ✓ Why do they come? ✓ Once Arrived to Catalonia, what happens? ✓ The most worrying aspects ✓ Learnings through experiences ✓ Challenges ✓ Proposals 1 www.romest.cat 1 ✓ Documentary references 2 The aims of the Network ROMEST are: 1. Observe the reality of the Roma East European population in Catalonia and the different inclusion strategies. 2. Promote the exchange of knowledges and best practices through the participation of Institutions, Services and Associations. 3. Contribute to the social inclusion of Roma Eastern European population and promote the social cohesion in the neighbourhoods they live in. And because we affirm the social and community inclusion as a way for this population and because we have confirmed that their inclusion is possible, we would like to state the following aspects: A particularly difficult context In Catalonia we have confirmed in the last years, the presence of new Roma east European families. Many of these families arrive directly to Catalonia and others arrive, after being in Italy, France, United Kingdom or Germany. The arrival of this population in Europe and especially in Catalonia is continuous, with periods of more or less intensity. The fact that they arrive from other European countries glimpses their big mobility, given the very diverse motivations thay they have (familiar, economic...). The Catalan territory means for many of these Roma east European families a point of arrival after different attempts of insertion in other places. A lot of families arrive to Barcelona after visiting Italy and France as cultural bordering countries, and generally arrive marked by a path of strong social exclusion. The survival marks the rhythm of their priorities and this generates a considerable territorial mobility also in the interior of Catalonia. This socioeconomic reality linked to the survival has strong implications in the way to project themselves in the future, which tends more to the immediacy that to long term planning. 3 Why do they come? It is necessary to understand in the first place, the situation their home country. In Romania, country with an important percentage of Roma population, together with Bulgaria and Slovakia, the Roma population estimates roughly in 6,5% of the total population. That supposed in 2002 2 one million and half of people. At present, this number has increased. Although the Spanish state does not identify the ethnic belonging of the people in census data, many authors estimate the Roma population in Spain in a 5% of the group of Romanian migrants. The starting point of this population is a lot worse that the one of the majority of Romanian population in Romania, explained especially by the historical process lived by the Roma population. Historically the Roma population has suffered a strong social exclusion and prejudices by part of most of the society that has hit deeply in their relation strategies. The Roma population in Romania is well documented since 14th century. Until the 1864 the slavery was not abolished. After this date, the society and its structural relations were not prepared to change the sign of the relation and therefore the conditions of structural inequality did not improve for the Roma population and many of them decided to leave the country. In the period from 1940 to 1944 the Roma population is persecuted by the pro-nazi authorities in Romania, with the reclusion in concentration camps that caused the death of a third of the entire Roma population. After the II World War, the communist governments practiced an assimilation model to manage the migration through the mandatory settlement. Despite the improvement of some problematic aspects, the Roma population was pushed to the lowest stages of resources and services. Although some basics rights began to be guaranteed, the excluding speeches were not modified. The step to a neoliberal economy market from 1989 implied a series of privatisations, business restructurings, legislative changes, changes in the public services, with critical impact in the population and very especially in the Roma community who was systematically expelled from companies and many properties. Between 1990 and 1993 the systematic violence against the Roma community increases and they are blamed by the critical economic situation and the lack of European recognition. 4 The deterioration of the socioeconomic situation with the economic crisis of the 2008 and the lack of perspectives cause the migration of this population as it happens with Romanian population. Arrived to Catalonia, what does it happen? The Roma population, once arrived to Catalonia are subjected to the legal framework of the European Union that has evolved largely in the last years. A first point to clear is that we are referring to population with several national origins, subject to the legal framework. However, the Roma population from Romania (currently the majority of the east European Roma population in Catalonia) has, from the entry of Romania to the EU (2007), community citizenship and therefore, under the legal frame of the European Directive 2004/38. In this sense, a Romanian persona can, from 2007, circulate freely through the European Schengen territories, although to reside more than three months (and access to a lot of rights of citizenship to the country of arrival) has to register like a communitarian resident citizen (obtaining the green card that accredits this fact)). This document has no photo attached to it, therefore, has to be accompanied always of an official identity document from the country of origin (Romanian identity card or Passport). That was a fundamental change; if any of the several cases for expulsion registered in the Directive 2004/38 occur (be a threat to the order, the security or the public health) in theory, a citizen of a territory member of the European Union cannot be expelled from another country member. In practice, and since the European Union do not control strictly the borders within country members at the Schengen territories, implies the possibility of staying in a country member without being properly registered. However, many of the documental problems act as a barrier for the Roma population in order to become citizens with access to their rights, like everyone else. The years after Romania entered in the European Union many extension of the right to work for hire for Romanian and Bulgarians citizens were approved in order to forbid their inclusion 5 in the Schengen countries labour spheres. For example, a Romanian citizen, despite being registered legally in Spain, was not able to access to labour market like any other European citizen could do. Besides, in July of 2012 the Spanish government began to apply with hardness the economic conditions that appear in the directive. This involves, still today, that in order to obtain the certificate of resident and consistently access to your rights, a person needs to have a socioeconomic situation (savings or an agreement of work with some determinate requirements) that excludes the segments of population in a more vulnerable situation. In practice, that has made very difficult for Romanian citizens even to renew their Spanish documents (NIE). Without this formal residence, in spite of being able to remain in the territory, the access to rights and support is often very complex. In fact, this global frame articulates with others producing negative effects as for example, the lack of possibility to enrol at the Catalan Labour Service, to access to a Public Health Card, to request social housing aid or to attend to trainings or continue the educational itinerary from the 16 years. In general the migration of the East European Roma population accustoms to be with members of the familiar core (parents with children, without the babies neither the grandparents, or the couple without the children, for example; many of those who go to work to slaughterhouses bring a person to take care of their the minors, given the large work schedules. The situation that they live is very diverse, as diverse are their territory origins, their attitudes, their interests, their projects of future making very difficult to include them all in a whole. However: The triple condition of being member of the Roma community, being a migrant and being in a very vulnerable situation (economically speaking) causes that this community concentrates the greater discrimination and prejudice in our country, not only in the social field but also in the professional field and in the services that the Roma community often use. The fact that this population belongs to this triple condition, causes that institutionally, the different departments and services of the administration, do not assume the problematic it as its own, causing unprotection. We confirm also that the internal dynamic of the Roma community at the same time generates a more aggravated situation of defencelessness and lack of promotion in the case of the 6 children and the women. Any young girls marry in their home country and migrate with the family in law, a good part of these find their selves trapped in the economic and social familiar dynamics without any type of possibility for a personal promotion.
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