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Home , Castle Clinton, City Hall Park, Federal Hall, Fraunces Tavern, Home Insurance Plaza, New York City Hall

Walking(Tour(#1(Reflection(Prompt( History(of(RED(in(NYC( ! On#your#walking#tour,#you#saw#buildings,#streets,#and#urban#texture#unique# to#parts#of#lower#.#What#three#things#were#most#memorable?# These#could#be#things#that#contrast#with#other#parts#of#Manhattan,#anything# related#to#architecture#or#building#form,#streetscape#considerations,#or#any# other#aspect#of#the#built#environment.# # A#short#paragraph#about#each#is#sufficient.#Along#with#your#favorite# photograph#from#this#outing.## ! Submittal)Instructions:) •! Hard)copy:)Please!bring!a!hard!copy!to!class!on!September)29th)and! place!at!front!of!lecture!hall!before!or!after!lecture.! •! Electronically:))Please!submit)before)Sept)29th))9AM)on)CourseWorks) in)the)Assignment)tab!prior!to!the!start!of!class.))Please!label!your! assignment!PLANA6272_Walking)Tour)1_Last)Name_FirstName!(i.e.! PLANA6272_Walking!Tour!1_Ascher_Kate).!!Word!or!PDF!is! acceptable.! # # WALKING(TOUR(#1( History(of(Real(Estate(Development(in(NYC(

WALKING(TOUR(#1,(cont’d( History(of(Real(Estate(Development(in(NYC WALKING TOUR #1 History of Real Estate Development in NYC

A. Battery Park Battery Park is a 25-acre public park facing Harbor and located at the southern tip of the New York borough of Manhattan. is named for the artillery battery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British in order to protect the settlements of island. Battery Park was created by landfill during the 19th century. Within the park lies , a fort named for mayor DeWitt Clinton, and now a national monument. The fort was originally built on a small artificial island, 200 feet offshore, just prior to the . When the landfill was later added to create Battery Park, it enclosed the fort. Before , Castle Clinton was used as the federal immigration center for the east coast, processing approximately eight million immigrants between 1855 and 1890. Battery Park contains many monuments honoring soldiers, explorers, inventors, and immigrants. Among them are The Memorial and The East Coast Memorial, a World War II war memorial. Included is 's , which once stood at the center of the plaza of the World Trade Center a few blocks away. Although badly damaged in the attacks of September 11, 2001 it has been temporarily relocated at Battery Park and serves to memorialize the victims of 9/11. Battery Park is where the history of began. Early settlers sailing into would use this location as the first spot on which to land. Source B. Bowling Green Bowling Green is a small public park in Lower Manhattan at the foot of next to the site of the original Dutch fort of . Built in 1733, originally including a bowling green, it is the oldest public park in New York City and is surrounded by its original 18th century fence. At its northern end is the sculpture. Bowling Green Fence and Park is listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Source

C. U.S. Custom House

The Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House is a building in New York City built 1902–07 by the federal government to house the duty collection operations for the port of New York. It is located near the southern tip of Manhattan, roughly on the same spot as , the original center of the settlement of New Amsterdam. Its address is 1Bowling Green. The building is now the home of the George Gustav Heye Center of the National of the American Indian, as well as the Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, and since 2012, it is also the home to the National Archives at New York City. Source

D. The street was originally known as Brewers Street. In 1660, it would have been referred to as "Brouwer Straet". The street was later named Stone Street because it was the first street to be cobblestoned. It originally ran from to Hanover Square, but was divided into two sections by the construction of the Goldman Sachs building at 85 Broad Street in the 1980s. Source

E. Fraunces Tavern is a tavern, restaurant and museum housed in a conjectural reconstruction of a building that played a prominent role in pre-Revolution and history. After the Revolutionary War was won, the building at 54 Pearl St. held the first offices for the Departments of Foreign Affairs, War and Treasury (1785-1788). After the federal government promised to move its offices south, the building once again became a tavern. The building, located at 54 at the corner of Broad Street, has been owned by in the State of New York Inc. since 1904, which claims it is Manhattan's oldest surviving building. The building a part of the American Whiskey Trail and the New York Freedom Trail. Source

F. Here on , took the as our first President, and this site was home to the first Congress, Supreme Court, and Executive Branch offices. The current structure, a Customs House, later served as part of the US Sub-Treasury. Now, the building serves as a museum and memorial to our first President and the beginnings of the United States of America. Source

G. Wall Street/ NY Stock Exchange The Dutch wall was originally constructed near here as protection against attack from the English colonies to the north. The English took it down but the name remains (AIA Guide) The New York Stock Exchange is an icon of commerce and capitalism. Synonymous with Wall Street, it’s the world’s largest stock exchange. It is composed of four rooms use for trading. Unfortunately, it has been closed to visitors since 9/11. Source

H. Cunard Building The Cunard Building, also known as the Standard & Poors Building is located at 25Broadway in Lower Manhattan's Financial District. It opened as a 22 story office building on May 2, 1921 and its first floor interior was designated a New York City landmark in September 1995. Its ticketing hall is currently operated by Cipriani S.A. as an event space. The building was designed between 1917 and 1919 and built between 1920 and 1921 by Benjamin, architect, and Carrère & Hastings, in a consulting role. While the Alexander already dominated Bowling Green, the Cunard Building was held in high regard almost immediately upon its opening in May 1921.[1] It featured more than 600,000 sq. feet of space in a modified Italian Renaissance style. Its great hall, which itself was more than sixty feet tall, was the home of Cunard Line and Anchor with a number of other tenants throughout the building.[2] While 25 Broadway is considered to be its primary address, it's also known as 13-27 Broadway, 13-39 and 1-9 Morris Street. Within the borough of Manhattan it is designated Block 13, Lot 27. Source

I. Trinity Church In 1696, Governor Benjamin Fletcher approved the purchase of land in Lower Manhattan by the Church of England community for construction of a new church. The parish received its charter from King William III on May 6, 1697. Its land grant specified an annual rent of sixty bushels of wheat. The first rector was William Vesey, for who nearby is named. The church see today is not the original; two others have preceded it. The first Trinity Church building was a very modest design that was destroyed in the Great New York City Fire of 1776. Construction on the second Trinity Church building began in 1788; it was consecrated in 1790. The structure was torn down after being weakened by severe snows during the winter of 1838–39. The third and current Trinity Church was finished in 1846 and at the time of its completion its 281-foot (86 m) spire and cross was the highest point in New York until it was surpassed in 1890. Source

J. Equitable Building The Equitable Building is a 38-story office building in New York City, located at 120 Broadway between Pine and Cedar Streets in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan. A landmark engineering achievement as a , it was designed by Ernest R. Graham – the successor to D. H. Burnham & Company – with Peirce Anderson as the architect-in-charge, and completed in 1915, when it was the largest office building in the world in square-footage: on a plot of just less than an acre, the building had 1.2 million square feet of floor space. Built to be the headquarters of the Equitable Life Company, the controversy surrounding its construction without setbacks that allowed sunlight to reach the ground contributed to the adoption of the first modern building and zoning restrictions on vertical structures in Manhattan. Although taller buildings in its vicinity now dwarf it, it still retains a distinctive identity in its surroundings on Lower Broadway. Source

J. The Woolworth Building, at 233 Broadway, Manhattan, New York City, designed by architect and completed in 1913, is an early US skyscraper. F. W. Woolworth and his real estate agent Edward J. Hogan purchased the original site for the building by April 15, 1910, from the Trenor Luther Park Estate and other owners for $1.65 million. By January 18, 1911, Woolworth and Hogan had acquired the final site for the project, totaling $4.5 million. More than a century after the start of its construction, it remains, at 241.4 meters (792 ft.), one of the one hundred tallest buildings in the United States as well as one of the twenty tallest buildings in New York City. Source

K. City Hall The present (which is the third version) officially opened in 1812. Designed by John McComb, Jr. and Joseph Francois Mangin, the architectural style is French Renaissance for the exterior and American- Georgian on the interior. The building consists of a central pavilion with two projecting wings. The central pavilion rotunda is an impressive space with a grand marble stairway. and Ulysses S. Grant lay in state here. The Governor's Room, which is used for official receptions, also houses one of the most important collections of 19th century American portraiture and notable artifacts such as George Washington’s desk. The subway station located directly under City Hall was the original southern terminal of the first line of the built in 1904. This station was designed to be the most beautiful station in the system. It features skylights, colored glass tile work and brass chandeliers. It hasn't been in used by the public since 1945 but is still used as a turning loop for the number 6 train. Immediately to the south of City Hall is , which underwent a major restoration in 1999 and is a popular spot to relax among nature in the busy downtown . Since the terrorist attacks of 2001, fencing surrounds the building's perimeter, with a strong security presence by the New York City Police Department. Public access to the building is restricted to tours and to those with specific business appointments. Source

L. Manhattan Municipal Building The Manhattan Municipal Building is a 40-story building built to accommodate increased governmental space demands after the 1898 consolidation of the city's five boroughs. Construction began in 1907 and ended in 1914, marking the end of the City Beautiful movement in New York. William M. Kendall of the noted architectural firm McKim, Mead and White designed the building, which was the first to incorporate a New York City Subway station into its base. Enormously influential in the civic construction of other American , its application of Beaux-Arts architecture served as the prototype for the Terminal Tower in Cleveland, and the Wrigley Building in Chicago, in addition to the Seven Sisters of Stalin-era Soviet architecture.

Located at the intersection of Chambers Street and Centre Street, the Municipal Building, which stands 580 feet (177 m) tall, is one of the largest governmental buildings in the world. It houses thirteen municipal agencies of New York City, and until 2009, when the Manhattan Marriage Bureau moved to another city building at 80 Centre Street, 18,000 people were married in its second floor chapel each year. There are 25 floors of workspace served by 33 , with an additional 15 stories in the tower. Source

M. Bridge The , one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States, stretches 5,989 feet over the , connecting the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn. Upon completion in 1883, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world, and the first steel-wire suspension bridge. Originally referred to as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, it was dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge in an 1867 letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle and was formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since its opening, it has become an iconic part of the New York skyline. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964. At various times, the bridge has carried horse-drawn and trolley traffic. At present, it has six lanes for motor vehicles, with a separate walkway along the centerline for pedestrians and bicycles. Due to the roadway's height and weight restrictions, commercial vehicles and buses are prohibited. The two inside traffic lanes carried elevated trains until 1944. Streetcars also ran until 1950 when the bridge was rebuilt to carry six lanes of automobile traffic Source

N. Stuyvesant Town – Peter Cooper Village Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village is a large private residential development on the East Side of the borough of Manhattan in New York City, and one of the most iconic and successful post-World War II private housing communities. Stuyvesant Town, known to its residents as "Stuy Town”, was named after Peter Stuyvesant, the last director- general of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, whose farm occupied the site in the 17th century. Peter Cooper Village is named after the 19th century industrialist, inventor and philanthropist Peter Cooper, who founded . The complex, which was planned beginning in 1942 and opened its first building in 1947, replaced the Gas House district of gas storage tanks. Source