DOCSLIB.ORG

Appendix I Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) 1863 1868

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Appendix I Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) 1863 1868 Appendix I Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky (1863-1945) A Biographical Chronology Compiled by Jacques Grinevald 1863 March 12 (February 28, old style) Born in St Petersburg, Tsarist Russia. 1868 The family moves to Kharkov, Ukraine. 1873 Gymnasium. Much influenced by his uncle E. M. Korolenko (1810-80), an encyclopedist autodidact and nature-lover. 1875 Publication of Die Enstchung der A/pen by Eduard Suess (first men­ tion of the "biosphere.") 1876 Back to St. Petersburg. His father, Ivan Vasslievich Vernadsky (1821- 1884), a professor of political economy (Kiev, Moscow) and political­ ly active in the liberal movement, manages a bookshop and a print­ ing house. Vladimir will be a great reader in many languages. 1881 Faculty of Physics and Mathematics (Section of Natural Sciences), st. Petersburg University. Student of the great chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev (1834-1907), and Vasili V. Dokuchaev (1846-1903), the founder of pedology, soil science. Dokuchaev, indebted to Humboldtian science, has been the father of a large naturalist school, including S. N. Winogradsky [Vinogradsky] (1856-1946), V. Agafonoff (1863-1955), G. F. Morozov (1867-1920), K. D. Glinka (1867- 1927), B. B. Polynov (1867-1952), and L. S. Berg (1876-1950), and especially V. Vernadsky (who also created a large scientific school). 1883 Elected a member of the Mineraological Society (St. Petersberg). Publication of Das Antlitz der Erde by Eduard Suess. 1886 Married Natalya E. Staritskaya (1860-1943). One year later, birth of their son George Vernadsky (emigrated in 1921; professor at Yale 1927, died in 1973, USA). BIOGRAPHICAL CHRONOLOGY 1888 Vernadsky obtains a scholarship for two years of advanced studies in Western Europe. Crystallography and mineralogy at Munich with Paul Groth (1843'1927). Friendship with Hans Driesch (1867-1941), Haeckel's graduate student and later famous as a controversial vital­ ist philosopher of organicism. Geological trip in the Alps with Karl von Zittel (1839-1904). Attended IVth International Geological Congress in London. Elected corresponding member of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. During an expedition in Wales, he meets Alexi P. Pavlov (1845-1929), who invites him to teach at Moscow University. 1889 First stay in Paris. Mineralogy at the laboratory of Ferdinand Fouque (1828-1904), at the College de France, together with Agafonoff and Alfred Lacroix (1863-1948), later Secretaire perpetuel of the Academie des Sciences (since 1914). Thermodynamics and physical chemistry with Henry Le Chatelier (1850-1936), at the Ecole des Mines. Crystallography at the Sorbonne with Pierre Curie (1859- 1906), discovering the problem of symmetry and dissymetry. Dokuchav's representative at the Exposition Internationale of Paris. Elected member of the Societe fran~aise de mineralogie. 1890 Begins Master's thesis, Moscow University. Returns to Paris. 1891 Master's dissertation: "On the sillimanite group and on the role of the alumina in the silicates." Begins his twenty year professorship in mineralogy and crystallography at Moscow University. 1896 Sent on research mission to Europe (Germany, Switzerland, France). Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity. 1897 Doctoral thesis, Moscow University. 1898 Extraordinary Professor. Birth of their daughter Nina (eventually emi­ grated to USA). 1902 Ordinary Professor. Lectures on the development of "a scientific world view" emphasizing the need for an unifted view of nature. 1903 The Fundamentals ofCrystallography. Begins his association with his favorite student Aleksandr E. Fersman (1883-1945), later a leading Soviet geochemist. The Nobel Prize in physics is shared by Henri Becquerel (1852-1908) and the Curies for the discovery of radioactiv­ ity. THE BIOSPHERE 152 1905 First democratic revolution in Russia. Founding·member of the liber­ al Constitutional-Democratic Party (KO). Member of its Central Committee (from 1908 to 1918.) 190 8 Elected extraordinary member of the Academy of Sciences. First part of his multi-volume Descriptive Mineralogy. At a British Association meeting, in Dublin, he is attracted to geological implications of radioactivity by John Joly (1857-1933). Publication of Die Energie, by Withem Ostwald (1853-1932), Leipzig. Ostwald's energetism, adopt­ ed by Mach's Russian disciples, including A. Bogdanov, is attacked by Lenin's Materialism and Empirio-Criticism, future gospel of Stalinist epistemology. 1909 Reads The Data of Geochemistry by Frank W. Clarke (1847-1934). He decides to turn to geochemistry. 1910 Visits Marie Curie Sklodowska (1867-1934) in Paris, and proposes to organize an "international radiography of the earth's crust." 1911 A large group of Moscow University professors, including Vernadsky, resigns in protest against the repressive policy of the tsarist Minister of Education. Returns to St. Petersburg. Visits the great geologist Eduard Suess (1831-1914), President of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Vienna. 1912 Full member of the Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg. 1913 Xilith International Geological Congress in Canada; travelling also in USA, visiting several laboratories, including the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. 1914 World War I. Russia is attacked by Germany. First use of the term "biosphere" in Vernadsky's published work. 1915 Founder and Chairman (until 1930) of the Commission for the Study of Natural Productive Forces (KEPS), directed to organize "scientific, technical, and social forces for more effective participation in the war effort." Publication of Die Entsehung der Kontinente und Ozeane by Alfred Wegener. BIOGRAPHICAL CHRONOLOGY 153 1916 Chairman of the Scientific Board of the Ministry of Agriculture. Einstein proposes general theory of relativity. 1917 The February Revolution. Collapse of the Tsarist regime. Member of Kerensky's Provisional Government, as Assistant to the Minister of Education. In Summer, afflicted by tuberculosis, he moves to Ukraine, where he possessed a family dacha. He begins writing a long manuscript on Living Matter (not published until 1978). The October Revolution. Russian civil war. 1918 He resigns from his party, feeling himself "morally incapable of par­ ticipating in the civil war." Founding member-together with several promising scientists, including Ivan I. Schmalhausen (1884-1963)­ and first President of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Lives and works in secret outside Kiev, at the Biological Research Station near Starosele on the Dnieper. Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-75), later the famous evolutionary biologist, who emigrated (in December 1927) to the United States, is one of his research assistants (1918-19). 1920 The Vernadskys move to Crimea. Like many other anti-Bolshevik sci­ entists, Vernadsky takes refuge as professor at the Tauride University, Simferopol, under the protection of General Wrangel's Army. He is elected Rector. This position is bright but short lived. The Vernadskys are also helped by Hoover's American Relief Administration (ARA). 1921 The White Armies are unable to resist to the Red Army. The evacua­ tion commanded by General Wrangel, includes the Vernadskys. But only George, Venadsky's son, accepts evacuation (first emigrated to Prague). Vernadsky, his wife, and daughter are arrested by the Cheka, and brought back to Moscow. Thanks to Lenin himself, they are soon liberated. Founding father and Chairman of the Commission on the History of Knowledge, Academy of Sciences. 1922 Petrograd. The Radium Institute is founded under the direction of Vernadsky (until 1939), Fersman as deputy chairman and Vitali G. Khlopin (1890-1950) as secretary (director in 1939). At the invitation from the Rector of the Sorbonne, Paul Appell (1855-1930), and with an official scholarship (for one year) from his Academy, Vernadsky and his wife move to France, via Prague. As "Professeur agree de l'Universite de Paris," Vernadsky is invited to give lectures on "Geochemistry" (Winter 1922-23). Works at the Museum d'histoire naturelle (A. Lacroix), and at the Institut du Radium (Marie Curie). In May, Vernadsky is received by Henri Bergson (1859-1941), then President of the Commission internationale de la cooperation intel­ lectuelle of the League of Nations. December 30, 1922: creation of the USSR (collapse in December 1991). THE BIOSPHERE 154 1923 Meeting of the British Association at Liverpool, where he is impressed by Paul Langevin (1872-1946) and Niels Bohr (1885-1962). His "plea for the establishment of a bio-geochemicallaboratory" is published in Liverpool. His academic position in France is again extended for one year. 1924 La Geochimie, Felix Akan: Paris. Receives a financial support from the Rosenthal Foundation for measuring biogeochemical energy. Many discussions with Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881-1955) and Edouard Le Roy (1870-1954). The trio invent the concept of "the noo­ sphere." Publication of The Origin of Life by Alexander I. Oparin (1894-1980). His Academy urges him to return in Russia. Death of Lenin. 192 5 "L'autotrophie de I'humanite," Revue generale des Sciences (September 15-30); "Sur la portee biologiques de quelques manifes­ tations geochimiques de la vie," Revue generale des Sciences (May 30). The celebration of the 200th anniversary of the Soviet Academy of Sciences: the name of Vern ad sky is omitted-probably a political warning. Lack of permanent funding from the West for his biogeo­ chemical lab project, moral obligation to his friends, deep patriotism, optimism about the Soviet science policy, and loyalty to his beloved Academy
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Mineralogy of Anthropocene E
    1 A Minerology for the Anthropocene Pierre FLUCK Institut Universitaire de France / Docteur-ès-Sciences / geologist and archeologist / Emeritus Professor at Université de Haute-Alsace This essay is a follow-up on « La signature stratigraphique de l’Anthropocène », which is also available on HAL- Archives ouvertes. Table of contents 1. Introduction: neoformation minerals in ancient mining galleries 2. Minerals from burning coal mines 3. Minerals from the mineral processing industry 4 ...and metallurgy 5. Neoformations in slags 6. Speciation of heavy metals in soils 7. Metal objects in their archaeological environment, or affected by fire 8. Neoformations in or on the surface of building stones 9. A mineralogy of materials. The “miracle of the potter”. The minerals in cement 10. A mineralogy of the biosphere? Conclusions Warning. This paper is written to be read by both specialists and a wider audience. However, it contains many mineral names. While these may resonate in the minds of mineralogists or collectors, they may not be as meaningful to less discerning readers. Such readers should not be scared, for they may find excellent encyclopaedic records on the web, including chemical composition, crystallographic properties and description of each of these species. This is why we have decided not to include further information in this paper. Acknowledgements. I would like to thank the mineralogists with whom I have had the opportunity to maintain fruitful exchanges for a long time: my pupil Hubert Bari, Éric Asselborn, Cédric Lheur, François Farges. And I would like to honour the memories of René Weil (1901-1983), my master in descriptive mineralogy, and of Jacques Geffroy (1918-1993), pupil of Alfred Lacroix, my master in metallogeny.
    [Show full text]
  • The Annals of UVAN, Vol . V-VI, 1957, No. 4 (18)
    THE ANNALS of the UKRAINIAN ACADEMY of Arts and Sciences in the U. S. V o l . V-VI 1957 No. 4 (18) -1, 2 (19-20) Special Issue A SURVEY OF UKRAINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY by Dmytro Doroshenko Ukrainian Historiography 1917-1956 by Olexander Ohloblyn Published by THE UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN THE U.S., Inc. New York 1957 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE DMITRY CIZEVSKY Heidelberg University OLEKSANDER GRANOVSKY University of Minnesota ROMAN SMAL STOCKI Marquette University VOLODYMYR P. TIM OSHENKO Stanford University EDITOR MICHAEL VETUKHIV Columbia University The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S. are published quarterly by the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S., Inc. A Special issue will take place of 2 issues. All correspondence, orders, and remittances should be sent to The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S. ПУ2 W est 26th Street, New York 10, N . Y. PRICE OF THIS ISSUE: $6.00 ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION PRICE: $6.00 A special rate is offered to libraries and graduate and undergraduate students in the fields of Slavic studies. Copyright 1957, by the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U.S.} Inc. THE ANNALS OF THE UKRAINIAN ACADEMY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN THE U.S., INC. S p e c i a l I s s u e CONTENTS Page P r e f a c e .......................................................................................... 9 A SURVEY OF UKRAINIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY by Dmytro Doroshenko In tr o d u c tio n ...............................................................................13 Ukrainian Chronicles; Chronicles from XI-XIII Centuries 21 “Lithuanian” or West Rus’ C h ro n ic le s................................31 Synodyky or Pom yannyky..........................................................34 National Movement in XVI-XVII Centuries and the Revival of Historical Tradition in Literature .........................
    [Show full text]
  • Respicite Astra: a Historic Journey in Astronomy Through Books
    0 Respicite Astra: A Historic Journey in Astronomy through Books RReessppiicciittee AAssttrraa A Historic Journey in Astronomy through Books The Astronomiicall Sociiety of Mallta The Natiionall Liibrary of Mallta The Astronomical Society of Malta The National Library of Malta 1 Respicite Astra: A Historic Journey in Astronomy through Books Respicite Astra A Historic Journey in Astronomy through Books Exhibition held between 25 September – 18 October 2010-09-21 at the National Library, Valletta, Malta on the occasion of Notte Bianca 2010 Introductory Text Mr Victor Farrugia Captions Mr Leonard Ellul Mercer – Pgs 23-24, 57 Mr Alexander Pace – Pgs 25-26, 58, 63, 70 Prof Frank Ventura – Pgs 4, 6-13, 15-18, 21, 27-31, 33, 35-38, 40, 42- 43, 45-48, 50-56, 60-62, 65-69, 72-76, 80, 85, 87, 93 Acknowledgements The Committee of the Astronomical Society of Malta would like to acknowledge the following persons for their kind and generous help in setting up this Exhibition at the Main Hall of the National Library starting on 25th September 2010 during the Notte Bianca event: Mr Fabio Agius (MaltaPost Philatelic Archives) Ms C Michelle Buhagiar (National Library of Malta) Ms Maroma Camilleri National Library of Malta) Mr Leonard Ellul Mercer (Personal capacity) Victor Farrugia (Astronomical Society of Malta) Mr Alexander Pace (Astronomical Society of Malta) Arch Alexei Pace (Astronomical Society of Malta) Ms Joanne Sciberras (National Library of Malta) Mr Tony Tanti (Astronomical Society of Malta) Prof Frank Ventura (University of Malta) Staff of the National Library of Malta Front Image Great Orion Nebula by Mr Leonard Ellul Mercer Production The Astronomical Society of Malta P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815)
    Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815) Pierre-Etienne Stockland Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2018 © 2017 Etienne Stockland All rights reserved ABSTRACT Statecraft and Insect Oeconomies in the Global French Enlightenment (1670-1815) Pierre-Etienne Stockland Naturalists, state administrators and farmers in France and its colonies developed a myriad set of techniques over the course of the long eighteenth century to manage the circulation of useful and harmful insects. The development of normative protocols for classifying, depicting and observing insects provided a set of common tools and techniques for identifying and tracking useful and harmful insects across great distances. Administrative techniques for containing the movement of harmful insects such as quarantine, grain processing and fumigation developed at the intersection of science and statecraft, through the collaborative efforts of diplomats, state administrators, naturalists and chemical practitioners. The introduction of insectivorous animals into French colonies besieged by harmful insects was envisioned as strategy for restoring providential balance within environments suffering from human-induced disequilibria. Naturalists, administrators, and agricultural improvers also collaborated in projects to maximize the production of useful substances secreted by insects, namely silk, dyes and medicines. A study of
    [Show full text]
  • Online Finding
    /''•s<p- COLLECTIONS OF CORRESPONDENCE AND MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENTS George VERNADSKY Papers NAME OF COLLECTION: SOURCE: Gift of George & Nina Vernadsky, 1953-57, 1959-62, 1965, 1968; bequest of George Vernadsky, 1973; gift of Nina V. Toll, 1975-76 j: gift of Peter K. Christoff, SUBJECT:Emigration — Europe, United States; Slavic & Russian Studies in Europe & the United States; History; Emigre Scholars; Science in the Soviet Union; Eurasianism DATES COVERED: 46th-20th centuries NUMBER OF ITEMS: ca. 80,000 Gotrety. STATUS: ((chec k appropriatppp e descriptionp) ) ' W^ba^,, M, ( Cataloged: x Listed: xArranged: x Not organized: 0*t MICMICROFILR M CONDITION: (give number of vols., boxes, or shelves) Bound: Boxed: %y-\ Stored: \ oversized folders. $ l^ox glass negatives LOCATION: (Library) BAR CALL-NU/v\btK Ms Coll/Vernadsky RESTRICTIONS ON USE (^yte^mimg trM ^mJro (hnhMkUu M MX;], o£~ // np_r Correspond'ence, manuscripts, documents, photographs, subject files, DESCRIPTION: printed materials, and memorabilia of historian George Vernadsky (Georgii Vladimirovich Vernadskii; 1887-1973). Most of the collection consists of his personal and professional papers, ca. 1918-73. Sizable groups of materials also concern members of his family, especially his wife Nina (1881+-1971); his father, scientist Vladimir I. Vernadskii (1863-19^5); his mother Nataliia E. Vernadskaia (1860-19^3); and his sister Nina V. Toll (1898-ca. 1976). Cataloged correspondents include: (to George and Nina Vernadsky) Boris Bakhmeteff, Roman Jakobson, Mikhail Karpovich, Nikolai Losskii, Vladimir Nabokov, Sergei Rakhmaninov, Geroid T. Robinson, Mikhail Rostovtsev, Petr Savitskii, and Aleksandr Vasil'ev; (to Vladimir Vernadskii) Henri Bergson and Petr Struve; and Ivan Turgenev. There are a great many letters by George and Nina Vernadskyfs colleagues, friends, and relatives, including many historians, and members of the Bromberg, Il'inskii, Rodichev, Romberg, and Staritskii families.
    [Show full text]
  • The Founding of Modern States Chapter Two the Founding of Non
    1 The Founding of Modern States Chapter Two The Founding of Non-Democratic States Richard Bensel Gary S. Davis Professor Department of Government Cornell University Ithaca, New York 14850 Abstract: All modern states claim that they rule by popular consent and that this consent arises out of the state’s commitment to a transcendent social purpose demanded by their citizens. They also claim that both popular consent and the state’s transcendent social purpose emerged from a founding moment when the state’s right to rule was created. In this manuscript, I ask: How does the founding meld the metaphysical belief in the “will of the people,” the granting of sovereignty, and the recognition of a transcendent social purpose into a symbolic act that then enables the state to secure political and social order? Although this melding is more complex than commonly acknowledged for traditional democracies, it is even more complicated for otherwise authoritarian regimes. In those foundings that produce non-democratic states, the justification of the new sovereignty originates in a transcendent social purpose that is both clearly articulated in political doctrine and susceptible to misrecognition if subjected to conventional democratic politics. At the founding, the political party that led the revolution utilizes the form of a legislative assembly to craft a constitution but it is the party itself that manifests the popular will and thus melds sovereignty, social purpose, and the will of the people into the creation of a new state. Note to the Reader The text is obviously much too long. The best way to condense the reading to a manageable size is to treat the three middle sections (this version: on the Russian-pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Dipartimento Di Scienze Politiche Cattedra Di Storia Delle Relazioni Internazionali
    Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche Cattedra di Storia delle Relazioni Internazionali RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY AND EUROPEAN SECURITY FROM GORBACHEV TO PUTIN (1985-2001) RELATORE Prof. NIGLIA CANDIDATO Francesco Tamburini 622402 CORRELATORE Prof. PONS ANNO ACCADEMICO 2014/2015 Contents Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………..p.4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….....p.5 Note on the Transliteration of Russian…………………………………………………………...p.8 List of Abbreviations………………………………………………………………………………p.9 1st Chapter A new thinking for the Soviet Union and the world 1.1) Domestic and international drivers.......................................................................................p.11 1.2) Contents and origins of new thinking...................................................................................p.14 1.3) Robbing the imperialists of the enemy image……………..................................................p.19 1.4) Domestic crises and new political actors………………………………………………….p.22 1.5) Gorbachev and European security: the challenge of NATO…………….………………....p.26 1.6) Achievements, failures and legacy…………….………………………………………......p.33 2nd Chapter A transformed Russia in a new world 2.1) An inevitable turn West?......................................................................................................p.36 2.2) Liberal internationalism: coalition and vision......................................................................p.38 2.3) Foreign policymaking in the Russian Federation………………………………………….p.42 2.4) Honeymoon with
    [Show full text]
  • Liddicoatite Tourmaline from Anjanabonoina, Madagascar
    LIDDICOATITE TOURMALINE FROM ANJANABONOINA, MADAGASCAR By Dona M. Dirlam, Brendan M. Laurs, Federico Pezzotta, and William B. (Skip) Simmons Liddicoatite, a calcium-rich lithium tourmaline, was recognized as a separate mineral species in 1977, and named in honor of Richard T. Liddicoat. Most of the remarkable polychrome tourmalines with varied geometric patterns that are characteristic of this species were produced during the 20th century from the Anjanabonoina pegmatite deposit in central Madagascar. To best display its complex color zoning and patterns, the tourmaline is commonly sold as polished slices or carvings. Liddicoatite exhibits physical and optical properties that overlap those of elbaite, so quantitative chemical analysis is required to distinguish these species; both may occur in a single crystal. The most common internal features are color zoning, strain patterns, partially healed fractures, feathers, needle-like tubes, negative crystals, and albite inclusions. or decades, liddicoatite from Madagascar has three lithium tourmalines with the general formula F been prized for its dramatic color zoning. (Ca,Na,K, )(Li,Al)3Al6Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3(OH,F), FAmong the myriad geometric patterns dis- which are defined on the basis of their X-site occu- played in polychrome slices cut perpendicular to pancy: Ca = liddicoatite, Na = elbaite, and a vacant the c-axis (figure 1), triangular zones and three-rayed (F) X site = rossmanite. Elbaite is the most abundant “stars” resembling a Mercedes Benz symbol are the gem tourmaline, whereas rossmanite has so far been most recognizable features of this remarkable tour- identified from few localities (Johnson and Koivula, maline. The diversity of colors and patterns shown 1998b; Selway et al., 1998), and typically is not of by Madagascar liddicoatite has not been seen in gem quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin's Neo-Eurasianist Philosophy
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2015 Against the Thalassocracy: Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin's Neo-Eurasianist Philosophy Jonathan Rushbrook Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Rushbrook, Jonathan, "Against the Thalassocracy: Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin's Neo-Eurasianist Philosophy" (2015). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 6542. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/6542 This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Against the Thalassocracy: Sacred Geography, Nationhood and Perennial Traditionalism in Alexander Dugin’s Neo-Eurasianist Philosophy Jonathan Rushbrook Thesis submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial
    [Show full text]
  • Ch 1: Russia's Historical Roots
    1 Russia’s Historical Roots Russia’s thousand-year history is replete with colorful leaders, global and continental wars, and the dramatic juxtaposition of brilliant culture with extreme brutality and poverty. Some Westerners find these qualities at- tractive, others repelling—there is little middle ground in how foreigners respond to Russia. This chapter outlines some of the enduring legacies of Russia’s political and economic organization and conveys Russia’s perspective on both its global and regional position and its identity. For the last 500 years, Russia has been one of the traditional European powers,1 with an inheritance both rich and complicated: Many of the peculiarities of tsarist Russia— some pertaining to geography, others to tradition—persist today; similarly, the Soviet period of 1917–91 is over, but it too has left indelible marks. Over the past two centuries, occasional tsarist and even Soviet leaders have struggled to free Russia from the “path dependencies” of its central- ized and authoritarian economic and political systems and its deeply ter- ritorial sense of security, which has fueled expansion and the domination of its neighbors. In addition to these challenges, the Russian reformers who came to power in 1991 strived to join the West but succeeded only partially. The Muscovite, Tsarist, and Soviet Legacies Looking at a map of the world, one cannot help but be impressed by the sheer vastness of Russia. From the beginning of the 16th century through 1. This point has been made most strongly by Martin Malia, Russia under Western Eyes (Cam- bridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Supplement of Hist
    Supplement of Hist. Geo Space. Sci., 10, 181–191, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-10-181-2019-supplement © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Supplement of IAVCEI: from small beginnings to a vibrant international association Raymond A. F. Cas Correspondence to: Raymond A. F. Cas ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the CC BY 4.0 License. Supplement: A. IAVCEI executive committee membership 1919-2019 2015-2019 President: Donald Dingwell Germany Vice-Presidents: Patrick Allard France Shanaka de Silva USA Secretary General: Roberto Sulpizio Italy Members: Eliza Calder Scotland Jan Lindsay New Zealand Michael Ort USA Lizzette Rodriguez Puerto Rico Past President: Ray Cas Australia Editor, Bulletin of Volcanology: Andrew Harris France Frances van Wyk de Vries France Webmaster & Membership Secretary: Eugenio Nicotra Italy 2011-2015 President: Ray Cas Australia Vice-Presidents: Stephen Self USA Hugo Delgado Mexico Secretary General: Joan Marti Spain Members: Patty Mothes Ecuador Karoly Nemeth New Zealand Hiroshi Shinohara Japan Greg Valentine USA Past President: Setsuya Nakada Japan Editor, Bulletin of Volcanology: James White New Zealand Linda White New Zealand Webmaster & Membership Secretary: Adelina Geyer Spain 2007-2011 President: Setsuya Nakada Japan Vice-Presidents: Anita Grunder USA Hugo Moreno-Roa Chile Secretary General: Joan Marti Spain Members: Marta Calvache Colombia Piero Dellino Italy Juan Manuel Espindola Mexico James
    [Show full text]
  • The University of the West Indies-Seismic Research Centre
    geosciences Article The University of the West Indies-Seismic Research Centre Volcano Monitoring Network: Evolution since 1953 and Challenges in Maintaining a State-of-the-Art Network in a Small Island Economy Frédéric J.-Y. Dondin * , Lloyd Lynch, Chan Ramsingh, Graham A. Ryan, Ilias Papadopoulous , Daniel Rueppel, Erouscilla P. Joseph, Joan L. Latchman, Richard E. A. Robertson , Nisha Nath, Ranissa Mathura, Amit Balchan, Stephen George, Ian Juman, Farrah Madoo, Garth Manette and Hannah Ramsingh Seismic Research Centre, The University of the West Indies, Gordon Street, St Augustine, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago; [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (C.R.); [email protected] (G.A.R.); [email protected] (I.P.); [email protected] (D.R.); [email protected] (E.P.J.); [email protected] (J.L.L.); [email protected] (R.E.A.R.); [email protected] (N.N.); [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (I.J.); [email protected] (F.M.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (H.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 December 2018; Accepted: 21 January 2019; Published: 30 January 2019 Abstract: The Seismic Research Centre (SRC), formerly known as the Seismic Research Unit (SRU), of the University of the West Indies is located on the island of Trinidad in the Eastern Caribbean. The centre has been operating its volcanological and seismological surveillance network since 1953. Since that time, the network has been upgraded five times resulting in five generations of seismic network topologies (i.e., Classes).
    [Show full text]