DOCSLIB.ORG

Bactrocera Invadens

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

DIVERSITY AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF Bactrocera invadens AND OTHER TEPHRITID FRUIT FLY SPECIES INFESTING MANGO (Mangifera indica) IN ZIMBABWE AND RELATIVE EFFICACIES OF SELECTED INSECTICIDES INCORPORATED IN FOOD BAITS BY VENGAI COLLEN MAFIRAKUREWA A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Tropical Entomology University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Science Department of Biological Sciences December 2014 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is my own original work and has not been submitted for a degree in any other university. Vengai Collen Mafirakurewa Date I, as the supervisor, confirm that the work reported in this thesis was carried out by the student under my supervision. The thesis was examined and I approved it for final submission. Dr. P. Chinwada Date ii DEDICATION This study is dedicated to parents, my wife, Joyce, our two children, Tawonga and Tadiwa and all the farmers who were gracious enough to let me into their homes and lives. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my profound gratitude, appreciation and deepest respect to all the mango growers in Mutoko (Mrs Mudzonga, Mrs Mudzengerere and Mrs Machita) Murewa (Mr and Mrs Mukurazhizha, Mrs Magirivha and Mr Chiwanza), Domboshava (Mr and Mrs Magama, Mr and Mrs Parirewa and Mrs Chogugudza) and Seke (Mr and Mrs Chiruwa, Mr and Mrs Muronzi and Mrs Chimanikire) who allowed me — a total stranger — to carry out my study in their orchards and backyards. I will forever be indebted to my supervisor, Dr. P. Chinwada for his valuable advice and guidance during the course of this study and the many hours he spent correcting my work. Your way of doing things will always have a lasting impression in my scientific work. You taught me well and for that I will always be thankful. I also want to thank the Director of the Research Services Division, Dr C. Mguni, and the Head of Plant Protection Research Institute (PPRI), Dr. G.P. Chikwenhere, for allowing me to use the laboratory and equipment at PPRI during my study. Their advice and comments during the course of the study were highly valuable. I am also very grateful to the following people from PPRI: Miss T. Makanza (Research Officer) for her valuable advice and support and Mrs Mary Nyamangodo (Research technician) for the long hours she had to be out with me in the field and laboratory. I also wish to acknowledge the assistance of Messrs Pawandiwa and Ngara who helped me with part of the data analysis. I also thank Mr O. Chipfunde (Research Officer, Gene Bank) for his efforts with drawing the map of the study areas. Last, but by no means least, I wish to thank and appreciate my wife Joyce, for allowing me to finance a greater part of this work from our personal savings. Words fail me, many thanks for your support, sacrifice and understanding throughout my study period. May the gracious Lord richly bless you all. iv ABSTRACT Studies were conducted from November 2013 to October 2014 in Zimbabwe to determine the temporal population dynamics of the invasive fruit fly pest Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae), to determine the pest’s host range and incidence and to evaluate its control using a food bait consisting of protein hydrolysate and each of the insecticides dimethoate (Dimethoate 40® EC), malathion (Malathion 50® EC), trichlorforn (Trichlorfon 90® SP), deltamethrin (Deltamethrin 2.5%® SC) and lambda-cyhalothrin (Lambda-cyhalothrin 50® EC). Fruit fly temporal dynamics studies were conducted in Mutoko, Murewa, Domboshava and Seke using methyl eugenol-baited traps while host range and incidence were assessed through “fruit rearing”. At each of the four locations (intensive study sites), fruits sampled from mixed mango varieties every two weeks were held in the laboratory at room temperature to determine the associated fruit fly species spectrum. As further confirmatory tests on host fruit and fruit fly species associations, a once-off extensive fruit survey covering the areas in which traps were located as well as outside them was conducted. Overall, there was a significant site x month interaction, with the highest catches of (over 3,400 in February 2014) being recorded in Murewa between February and April 2014. The lowest catches (below 25) were recorded in Seke and Domboshava in October 2014. The highest fruit fly diversity was recorded in Murewa, Seke and Domboshava where, in addition to B. invadens, Ceratitis cosyra and Ceratitis rosa were also recorded infesting mangoes. In the extensive surveys, Harare and Mahusekwa had the highest fruit fly diversity, recording three fruit fly species (B. invadens, C. cosyra and C. rosa). The highest B. invadens fruit infestations were recorded from stringless mango fruits collected in Guruve, which had an infestation rate of 80.5%. No B. invadens infestations were recorded from fruits collected in Chegutu, Zvimba and Buhera. The mango seed weevil, Sternochaetus mangifera, which is a quarantine pest of mangoes worldwide, was also recorded from all the four trapping locations, with Mutoko having the highest infestation rate of 22.5%. In laboratory studies to assess B. invadens control using various insecticides incorporated in hydrolysed protein food baits, Trichlorfon 90® SP (a.i. trichloforn) gave the highest adult fruit fly mortality (87.5%) while Dimethoate 40® EC (a.i. dimethoate) was the least effective with mortality of 40%. v In conclusion, this study demonstrated that though B. invadens occurs throughout the year, populations are at their highest from January to April. Its abundance is greatly influenced by location. Trichlorfon 90® SP and Deltamethrin 2.5%® SC (a.i. deltamethrin) have the potential to be used as fruit fly killing agents in case of non- availability of malathion which is the traditional fruit fly insecticide that is incorporated in food baits in Zimbabwe. Further local studies on B. invadens biology, overwintering mechanisms and behaviour are recommended so as to generate information that, when combined with results from the present study, could be useful in coming up with ‘smart’ strategies for the management of the pest in specific localities. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ............................................................................................................................ ii DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ xi LIST OF PLATES ......................................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER 1 .................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Justification ............................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Objectives ................................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Hypotheses ................................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................................... 6 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................ 6 2.1 Mango Production Overview .................................................................................... 6 2.2 General Overview of Mango Pests and Diseases ..................................................... 6 2.3 Tephritid Fruit Flies .................................................................................................. 7 2.3.1 General classification ................................................................................................. 7 2.3.2 Biology and ecology .................................................................................................. 7 2.3.3 Some economically important fruit fly pests of mango ............................................. 8 2.4 Economic Impact of Tephritid Fruit Flies ............................................................... 10 2.5 Bactrocera invadens Spread in Africa and Zimbabwe ............................................ 12 2.6 Host Range of B. invadens ....................................................................................... 13 2.7 Species Status of B. invadens Inferred from Morphometrics, Molecular, Cytogenetic and Behavioural and Chemoecological Data ....................................
Recommended publications
  • Gamma Radiation Sterilization of Bactrocera Invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Southern Ghana

    Gamma Radiation Sterilization of Bactrocera Invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Southern Ghana

    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(51), pp. 11315-11320, 26 June, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.960 ISSN 1684–5315 ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Gamma radiation sterilization of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from southern Ghana Christian Ogaugwu1*, David Wilson1,2, Millicent Cobblah1,2 and Charles Annoh3 1African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science, West Africa Regional Centre, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. 2Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana. 3Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana. Accepted 1 June, 2012 The African invader fly, Bactrocera invadens, an invasive pest in Africa since 2003, causes damage and poses a threat to the mango and horticultural industry. Its control is therefore needed. Sterilization of males using gamma radiation doses (25, 50 and 75 Gy) as a means of population control was investigated. Irradiation at the pupal stage (about 6 days after pupation) was found to be suitable. It was observed that a gamma radiation dose of 75 Gy rendered males of B. invadens completely sterile, while doses of 25 and 50 Gy induced partial sterility in the males. Females were made completely sterile by all doses of radiation tested. Key words: Bactrocera invadens, mango, gamma radiation doses, Sterile Insect Technique, fertility. INTRODUCTION In 2003, the African invader fly, Bactrocera invadens Furthermore, the presence of B. invadens in sub-Sahara (originating from Asia) was detected in Kenya and was Africa hampers trade between this region and other reported to be spreading across tropical Africa (Lux et al., regions of the world (Guichard, 2008, 2009).
  • The Chemical Ecology of the Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera Dorsalis and the Potential for Novel Odor-Based Management Tools

    The Chemical Ecology of the Oriental Fruit Fly Bactrocera Dorsalis and the Potential for Novel Odor-Based Management Tools

    The chemical ecology of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis and the potential for novel odor-based management tools Tibebe Dejene Biasazin Faculty of Landscape Architecture, Horticulture and Crop Protection Science Department of Plant Protection Biology Alnarp Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp 2017 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2017:62 Cover: Left: Bactrocera dorsalis flies feeding from a SPLAT-ME-spinosad dollop on a leaf of mango tree. Right: B. dorsalis hold inside a pippete tip exposing antennae ready for electrophysiological recordings. (photo: Tibebe Dejene) ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN (print version) 978-91-7760-014-5 ISBN (electronic version) 978-91-7760-015-2 © 2017 Tibebe Dejene Biasazin, Alnarp Print: SLU Service/Repro, Alnarp 2017 The chemical ecology of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis and the potential for novel odor-based management tools Abstract Over the last few years, several tephritid species have invaded sub-Saharan Africa, competitively displacing native fruit fly pests, and severely affecting horticulture production. In two different farming scales, small and large, we verified the influence of suppressing the invasive Bactrocera dorsalis using the male specific attractant, methyl eugenol (ME), formulated in SPLAT-spinosad. In small-scale farm plots, use of ME did reduce B. dorsalis populations, but population levels remained high throughout the study. In mark-release-recapture studies, male flies were found to disperse fast and beyond one km from the release point. In large-scale farm plots, the invasive pest was controlled within eight months of suppression using ME-based suppression in combination with other pest management techniques. However, this was paralleled by a quick resurgence of the native fruit fly Ceratitis capitata, likely due to competition release.
  • 12 Bactrocera Species That Pose a Threat to Florida: B. Carambolae and B

    12 Bactrocera Species That Pose a Threat to Florida: B. Carambolae and B

    12 Bactrocera Species that Pose a Threat to Florida: B. carambolae and B. invadens Aldo Malavasi,1 David Midgarden2 and Marc De Meyer3 1Medfly Rearing Facility – Moscamed Brasil, Juazeiro, Bahia, Brazil; 2USDA/APHIS, Guatemala City, Guatemala; 3Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium 12.1 Introduction point, (e.g., a backyard or garden tree) to adjacent areas and commercial groves. Tephritidae is one of the largest families of 2. High natural ability of dispersion. Some fru- Diptera and contains more than 500 genera and givorous fruit fly species are good flyers and can 4000 species, divided into three subfamilies disperse quickly and in large number when suita- (White and Elson-Harris, 1992; Norrbom et al., ble host trees are not available or are out of sea- 1999). Tephri tidae pests are particularly impor- son. Well-fed adults – males and females – can fly tant because of their ability to invade regions large distances in search of reproductive and ovi- far from their native distribution. Introduced position sites or just for shelter. Experiments populations attack commercial fruit species, using the mark-release-recapture methodology which causes countries imp orting fruit to have shown that either males or females can impose quarantine regulations (McPheron and travel many kilometers when the environment is Steck, 1996). These restrictions can inhibit the inadequate. In addition, being physically strong, sale of produce and the development or expan- the adults can be carried large distances by wind, sion of fruit production in the areas in which the hurricanes and masses of warm air, a fairly com- pest species are established.
  • Involvement of the Antennal and Maxillary Palp Structures in Detection and Response to Methyl Eugenol by Male Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

    Involvement of the Antennal and Maxillary Palp Structures in Detection and Response to Methyl Eugenol by Male Bactrocera Dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae)

    Journal of Insect Science, (2018) 18(5): 19; 1–5 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iey104 Research Involvement of the Antennal and Maxillary Palp Structures in Detection and Response to Methyl Eugenol by Male Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Anna Chui-Ting Chieng,1 Alvin Kah-Wei Hee,1,3, and Suk-Ling Wee2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, 2Centre of Insect Systematics, School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, and 3Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Nannan Liu Received 14 August 2018; Editorial decision 25 September 2018 Abstract The oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis (Handel) is one of the most destructive pests of fruits. The discovery of methyl eugenol (ME) as a potent male attractant for this species has led to its successful use in area-wide fruit fly control programs such as male annihilation. While the antenna is recognized as primarily responsible for male flies’ detection of attractants such as ME, little is known of the involvement of the maxillary palp. Using behavioral assays involving males with intact and ablated antennae and maxillary palp structures, we seek to ascertain the relative involvement of the maxillary palp in the ability of the male fly to detect ME. In cage bioassays (distance of ≤40 cm from the source), >97% of unmodified males will normally show a response to ME. Here, we showed that 17.6% of males with their antennae ablated were still attracted to ME versus 75.0% of males with their palps ablated.
  • Synonymization of Key Pest Species Within the Bactrocera Dorsalis

    Synonymization of Key Pest Species Within the Bactrocera Dorsalis

    Systematic Entomology (2014), DOI: 10.1111/syen.12113 Synonymization of key pest species within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae): taxonomic changes based on a review of 20 years of integrative morphological, molecular, cytogenetic, behavioural and chemoecological data MARK K. SCHUTZE1,2, NIDCHAYA AKETARAWONG3, WEERAWAN AMORNSAK4, KAREN F. ARMSTRONG5, ANTONIS A. AUGUSTINOS6,7,8, NORMAN BARR9,WANGBO6,7,10,KOSTAS BOURTZIS6,7, LAURA M. BOYKIN11, CARLOS CÁCERES6,7, STEPHEN L. CAMERON1, TONI A. CHAPMAN2,12, SUKSOM CHINVINIJKUL13, ANASTASIJA CHOMICˇ 5, MARC DE MEYER14, ELLENA DROSOPOULOU15, ANNA ENGLEZOU2,12, SUNDAY EKESI16, ANGELIKI GARIOU-PAPALEXIOU17, SCOTT M. GEIB18, DEBORAH HAILSTONES2,12, MOHAMMED HASANUZZAMAN19, DAVID HAYMER20, ALVIN K. W. HEE21, JORGE HENDRICHS6,7, ANDREW JESSUP22, QINGE JI10, FATHIYA M. KHAMIS16, MATTHEW N. KROSCH2,23, LUC LEBLANC24, KHALID MAHMOOD25, ANNA R. MALACRIDA26, PINELOPI MAVRAGANI -TSIPIDOU15, MAULID MWATAWALA27, RITSUO NISHIDA28, HAJIME ONO28, JESUS REYES6,7, DANIEL RUBINOFF24, MICHAEL SANJOSE24, TODD E. SHELLY29, SUNYANEE SRIKACHAR30,KENGH.TAN31, SUJINDA THANAPHUM32, IHSAN HAQ6,7,33, SHANMUGAM VIJAYSEGARAN1, SUK L. WEE34, FARZANA YESMIN19, ANTIGONE ZACHAROPOULOU17 and ANTHONY R. CLARKE1,2 1School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, 2Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre, Canberra, Australia, 3Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 4Department of Entomology,
  • Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

    Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

    insects Review Tephritid Fruit Fly Semiochemicals: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives Francesca Scolari 1,* , Federica Valerio 2 , Giovanni Benelli 3 , Nikos T. Papadopoulos 4 and Lucie Vaníˇcková 5,* 1 Institute of Molecular Genetics IGM-CNR “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, I-27100 Pavia, Italy 2 Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia, Italy; [email protected] 3 Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; [email protected] 4 Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou st., N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece; [email protected] 5 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (L.V.); Tel.: +39-0382-986421 (F.S.); +420-732-852-528 (L.V.) Simple Summary: Tephritid fruit flies comprise pests of high agricultural relevance and species that have emerged as global invaders. Chemical signals play key roles in multiple steps of a fruit fly’s life. The production and detection of chemical cues are critical in many behavioural interactions of tephritids, such as finding mating partners and hosts for oviposition. The characterisation of the molecules involved in these behaviours sheds light on understanding the biology and ecology of fruit flies and in addition provides a solid base for developing novel species-specific pest control tools by exploiting and/or interfering with chemical perception. Here we provide a comprehensive Citation: Scolari, F.; Valerio, F.; overview of the extensive literature on different types of chemical cues emitted by tephritids, with Benelli, G.; Papadopoulos, N.T.; a focus on the most relevant fruit fly pest species.
  • IPCNL82 NEW TEMPLATE Dec18

    IPCNL82 NEW TEMPLATE Dec18

    No. 82 http://www-naweb.iaea.org/nafa/index.html ISSN 1011-2529 January 2014 http://www.fao.org/ag/portal/index_en.html Contents To Our Readers 1 Coordinated Research Projects (CRPs) Other News 22 and Research Coordination Meetings Insect Pest Control Subprogramme 4 (RCMs) 14 Relevant Published Articles 25 Forthcoming Events 5 Developments at the Insect Pest Papers in Peer Past Events 6 Control Laboratory (IPLC) 16 Reviewed Journals 26 Technical Cooperation Reports 19 Other Publications 31 Field Projects 7 Announcements 20 To our Readers Microbes have been the dominating forms of life, al- most since the birth of our planet about 4.5 billion years ago. Being masters of chemical reactions, they regulate the recycling of all major chemicals relevant to life; manage energy sources and the production of fuels; determine the aerobic conditions of our atmos- phere and influence our climate; are the catalytic fac- tors of soil fertility, thus affecting agricultural produc- tion; and have also been of paramount importance for the health of ecosystems and of all living organisms including humans. Last, but not least, they have been the driving force of the on-going “biotechnological revolution”, which promises to produce more and healthier food, drugs and “green” fuels. Because of all their unique metabolic properties, microbes have been driving the evolution of life on earth, either by being free-living or by establishing symbiotic associations with diverse organisms including insects. Insects are the most abundant and species-rich animal group on earth, occupying most available ecological niches. Conservative estimates suggest that about 85% of all described animal species are insects; estimates range between 2-30 million insect species and about 10 18 quintillion (10 ) individual insects being alive at any given time (http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/ The tsetse fly Glossina morsitans and its associated symbiotic bac- buginfo/bugnos.htm).
  • Bactrocera Dorsalis Complex

    Bactrocera Dorsalis Complex

    Niche Overlap of Congeneric Invaders Supports a Single- Species Hypothesis and Provides Insight into Future Invasion Risk: Implications for Global Management of the Bactrocera dorsalis Complex Matthew P. Hill1*, John S. Terblanche1,2 1 Conservation Ecology & Entomology Department, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Western Cape, South Africa, 2 Centre for Invasion Biology, Conservation Ecology & Entomology Department, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Western Cape, South Africa Abstract Background: The invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens, has expanded its range rapidly over the past 10 years. Here we aimed to determine if the recent range expansion of Bactrocera invadens into southern Africa can be better understood through niche exploration tools, ecological niche models (ENMs), and through incorporating information about Bactrocera dorsalis s.s., a putative conspecific species from Asia. We test for niche overlap of environmental variables between Bactrocera invadens and Bactrocera dorsalis s.s. as well as two other putative conspecific species, Bactrocera philippinensis and B. papayae. We examine overlap and similarity in the geographical expression of each species’ realised niche through reciprocal distribution models between Africa and Asia. We explore different geographical backgrounds, environmental variables and model complexity with multiple and single Bactrocera species hypotheses in an attempt to predict the recent range expansion of B. invadens into northern parts of South Africa. Principal Findings: Bactrocera invadens has a high degree of niche overlap with B. dorsalis s.s. (and B. philippinensis and B. papayae). Ecological niche models built for Bactrocera dorsalis s.s. have high transferability to describe the range of B. invadens, and B. invadens is able to project to the core range of B.
  • (Bactrocera Invadens and Ceratitis Cosyra)?

    (Bactrocera Invadens and Ceratitis Cosyra)?

    This copy contains a shortened version of the PhD dissertation thesis presented to the PhD evaluation committee, in accordance to the “Promotionsordnung (Dr. rer. nat.) der Universität Bremen für den Fachbereich 2 (Biologie/Chemie)” vom 08.07.2015, paragraph 12. In particular, for chapter 2 and 4, only the Abstract are presented as the content of these chapters has been already published. Indication on the scientific journals where to find the full content of these chapters is given at the beginning of the respective chapter. 6 7 8 1. General Introduction 9 1.1. Trophic interactions and their role in structuring ecological communities A large part of the diversity we observe today in nature is a result of interactions taking place in species communities: it is difficult to think about a species living in complete isolation from other species. Major events in diversification have been due to the appearance of novel assemblages of species, which gave rise to new sets of interacting species (Thompson 1999). The way in which species that occupy the same environment relate to each other ultimately determines the structure of their ecological community (Chase et al. 2002). Often, species assemblages may fluctuate around stable states of interacting populations, revealing a certain organization among the species that share the same area (Hairston and Hairston 1997). Species co-existence is usually the product of an evolutionary process, which can involve several forces, positive and negative, based on the nature of the interactions taking place within a given community. Perturbations in the composition of species, such as the planned or accidental introduction of novel species, may interfere with the already structured web of interactions.
  • First Record of an Invasive Fruit Fly Belonging to Bactrocera Dorsalis Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Europe

    First Record of an Invasive Fruit Fly Belonging to Bactrocera Dorsalis Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Europe

    insects Article First Record of an Invasive Fruit Fly Belonging to Bactrocera dorsalis Complex (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Europe Francesco Nugnes 1 , Elia Russo 1, Gennaro Viggiani 2 and Umberto Bernardo 1,* 1 CNR, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, 80055 Portici, Italy; [email protected] (F.N.); [email protected] (E.R.) 2 Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0817-7536-5813 Received: 29 October 2018; Accepted: 29 November 2018; Published: 3 December 2018 Abstract: Emerging pests are increasingly threatening fruit orchard health across the Mediterranean area. Tephritidae, representing serious threats for Europe, are numerous, and the fruit flies Bactrocera zonata and those belonging to Bactrocera dorsalis complex are among the most alarming species. These species are highly polyphagous and B. zonata has already spread to some Mediterranean countries. Due to these ongoing threats, in the Campania Region (southern Italy), a survey with traps and infested fruits analysis was performed with the aim of detecting the presence of species of Bactrocera dorsalis complex. In two mixed fruit-trees fields, some adults belonging to a species of Bactrocera were captured in traps baited with the highly attractive male lure (methyl eugenol). They were distinguished from similar-looking Bactrocera spp. by morphological and molecular comparative analyses. Considering the existing morphological keys, specimens were tentatively identified as B. dorsalis but molecular characterization with COI split them into two clades. Some specimens were grouped with B. dorsalis similar to B. kandiensis and B. kandiensis and others in a clade including B.

  • Historical Perspective on the Synonymization of the Four Major Pest Species Belonging to the Bactrocera Dorsalis Species Complex (Diptera, Tephritidae)

    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 540: 323–338Historical (2015) perspective on the synonymization of the four major pest species ... 323 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.540.6028 REVIEW ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Historical perspective on the synonymization of the four major pest species belonging to the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae) Alvin K.W. Hee1, Suk-Ling Wee2,3, Ritsuo Nishida4, Hajime Ono4, Jorge Hendrichs5, David S. Haymer6, Keng-Hong Tan7 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia 2 School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, 3 Centre of Insect Systematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia 4 Laboratory of Chemi- cal Ecology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 5 FAO/IAEA Joint Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria 6 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States of America 7 Tan Hak Heng Co., Penang, Malaysia Corresponding author: Alvin K.W. Hee ([email protected]) Academic editor: A. Clarke | Received 23 April 2015 | Accepted 18 August 2015 | Published 26 November 2015 http://zoobank.org/E50B29DD-BAEF-4404-9901-5A45DA1B6837 Citation: Hee AKW, Wee SL, Nishida R, Ono H, Hendrichs J, Haymer DS, Tan KH (2015) Historical perspective on the synonymization of the four major pest species belonging to the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera, Tephritidae). In: De Meyer M, Clarke AR, Vera MT, Hendrichs J (Eds) Resolution of Cryptic Species Complexes of Tephritid Pests to Enhance SIT Application and Facilitate International Trade.
  • Identification of Bactrocera Invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Burundi, Based on Morphological Characteristics and DNA Barcode

    Identification of Bactrocera Invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Burundi, Based on Morphological Characteristics and DNA Barcode

    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 10(62), pp. 13623-13630, 12 October, 2011 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB DOI: 10.5897/AJB11.783 ISSN 1684–5315 © 2011 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Identification of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Burundi, based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcode Lijun Liu 1, Jiaqi Liu 1,2, Qinglei Wang 3, Pascal Ndayiragije 4, Anatole Ntahimpera 4, Evariste Nkubaye 4, Qianqian Yang 1 and Zhihong Li 1* 1Department of Entomology, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China. 2General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China. 3Cangzhou Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou, Hebei, 061001, China. 4Burundi Academy of Agriculture Science, Avenue de la Cathédrale B.P. 795 Bujumbura, Burundi. Accepted 12 August, 2011 Bactrocera (Bactrocera) invadens Drew (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a new species of fruit fly in 2005. It belongs to the Bactrocera dorsalis complex, but is difficult to diagnose based on solely morphological identification. It occurs in India, Bhutan and some countries of Africa. In this study, 14 adult samples of fruit flies were collected from Bujumbura and Cibitoke in Burundi District. Microscopic observations showed morphological character states that were congruent with the diagnosis of B. invadens . The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase I (COI ) gene sequence alignment demonstrated the similarity between specimens 1 and 2 and B. invadens is 99.47%, between specimen 3 and B. invadens 98.77%, between specimen 4 and B. invadens 99.82%, and between the other 10 specimens and B.