Aftermath of Cleveland's MILITANT Civil Rights Fatality Published in the Interests of the Working People — See report page 2 — Vol. 28 - No. 16 Monday, A p ril 20, 1964 Price 10c Fisk Students Hear DeBerry Call for World's Fair Stall-In On Socialism, Civil Rights NASHVILLE, Tenn. — Clifton groups in the sit:in movement. It DeBerry, Socialist Workers Party was this group that filled the candidate for president, stimulat­ breach in the 1961 Freedom Ride Gives Boost to Rights Battle ed a real discussion on socialism by taking over from CORE after and civil rights among Fisk Uni­ the bus-burning and beatings in By William Bundy versity students during his cam­ Alabama. The Fisk-based Nash­ paign visit here. ville movement also played a big NEW YORK, April 15 — The call by Brooklyn CORE for a stall- He was the after-dinner speak­ role in the development of the in to tie up traffic on the opening er at one of the fraternity houses Student Nonviolent Coordinating Commitee. day of the World’s Fair here April April 1, was interviewed briefly 22 is giving a great big boost to on the local TV station, and then The discussion at DeBerry’s the whole struggle for Negro appeared before a meeting of evening meeting got right down equality. It has already gained more than one hundred students to brass tacks when a student wide support, including active in the evening. asked: “Are you running as a commitments from militant groups His militant civil rights stand Negro, as a socialist, or just try­ outside the state, and even the had particular interest here. Fisk ing to prove a point?” valuable concrete aid of a key was the birthplace of the Nash­ DeBerry replied that he was trade union in the city. ville sit-ins in 1960 — one of the running as a Negro who had The call — like last month’s most effective student action learned from experience what it school boycott — is also further means to live in a ghetto, to be separating those in the movement segregated and discriminated who mean business from those against. who don’t and welding together a As a result of his experience in new, more militant leadership for the civil rights and labor move­ the struggle. And it has already ments, he continued, he had shaken up the capitalist power learned that capitalism is the root structure from New York City’s source of Jim Crow and that the City Hall to Washington more most effective way to fight Jim than all the “appeals to con­ Crow is to make it part of the science” put together have done. fight against capitalism and for In spite of the irresponsible ac­ socialism. NEW YORK PROTEST. One of the recent demonstrations by tion of CORE National Director As a Negro socialist, he said, Puerto Ricans at East Harlem police station protesting police James Farmer in suspending the he firm ly believes that the goal of brutality. High point of protest came when two cops killed two Brooklyn chapter, support for the human freedom — whether Puerto Rican prisoners in patrol car, claiming one pulled a gun. Brooklyn call includes the follow­ through seperatism or integration ing: Now the cops have been cleared. See story on page 3. — will not be achieved under Gloria Richardson of Cam­ capitalism. He said he was con­ bridge, Maryland, says the Cam­ vinced th a t the developing con- U.S. Intervention in Vietnam bridge Nonviolent Action Group is ciousness of the Negro people sending 200 cars to the stall-in would orient them toward a fun- “because we believe this is an demental change. adequate way to protest the civil But, he added, to really get The Going Is Getting Rougher rights filibuster.” Stanley Branche, someplace, the Freedom Now chairman of the Chester, Pa., movement must take the political By Art Preis Committee for Freedom Now is road and do it in opposition to APRIL 10 — The American peo­ New York Timas indicates that sending cars. Clifton DeBerry (Continued on Page 3) ple are becoming more and more Khanh is unlikely to meet with Brooklyn CORE chairman Isiah disturbed about U.S. intervention more success than his predeces­ Brunson announced support from in the Vietnamese civil war. Their sors, who also enjoyed the un­ the City-wide Committee for Inte­ disquietude is reflected in part in reserved admiration and acclaim grated Schools headed by Rev. Friends Urged to Help Raise the demand recently raised by of Washington and its unstinting Milton Galamison, and from the Senators Wayne Morse and Ernest material aid. Mississippi Relief Committee head­ Gruening for immediate with­ First, the Viet Cong forces ed by Rev. Kinloch. Socialist Workers Party Fund drawal of all U.S. armed forces struck at a militia training cen­ The Manhattan and Bronx chap­ from South Vietnam. ter just 15 miles southwest of ters of CORE have protested the By Marvel Scholl Saigon, wiped out or captured all “illegal suspension” of Brooklyn Fund Director An editorial in the March 27 New York World-Telegram, w hich its forces and seized 115 U.S.- CORE and announced individual On March 1 the Socialist Work­ pie — Negro and white — every seeks to w hip up popular fervor supplied weapons, the main source participation of their members in the stall-in. Malcolm X and ers Party launched a fund cam­ day of the year, election time or for the slaughter of the insurgent of all the Viet Cong arms. Thirty- H arlem Rent S trike leader Jesse paign to raise a minimum of $20,- not. peasants of South Vietnam, com­ six hours later 300 guerrillas am­ 500. The drive w ill run until June We must depend entirely on plains bitterly because “Of all the bushed an equal number of gov­ Gray have announced support. 1. The first scoreboard is on page working people, our own mem­ wars in which the United States ernment troops 50 miles south­ John J. DeLury, president of Sanitation Men’s Local 831 of the 4. bers and friends, for the contribu­ has had a hand, there probably west of Saigon. When either the Republicans or tions which make this work pos­ has been none as unpopular as the Teamsters Union, declared April Near M ain Base 14: “We’re not going to scab on Democrats want money from their sible every day of the year. No one in Vietnam.” anyone fighting for freedom or supporters they hold $100 a plate contribution is too small, none Nevard observes that these Viet One of the major reasons for civil rights.” He says if the city dinners which are short on food too large. Every penny is spent Cong successes, th e ir “ boldness” this is increasing awareness that tries to have Sanitation men haul and long on propaganda. They ap­ to spread the message of a so­ and “ audacity” so near to the Washington is backing an utterly away stalled cars April 22, the peal m ainly to the boss class and cialist society where want and governm ent’s m ain base, illu s ­ corrupt and brutal ruling class of 10,000 members of the local w ill generally get what they go out hunger w ill be eliminated; where trates “the relative freedom of rich landlords and militarists “stay home for the day.” for. For instance, in the recent everyone w ill have good medical operation” exercised by the rev­ against the opposition of the over­ In making its call for action, New Hampshire primaries, it is care; where there w ill be no wars whelming majority of the Viet­ olutionists in the most populous (Continued on Page 3) reported that Lodge, the non­ or threats of wars; where each namese people. area of the country. Their ability campaigning winner, spent an child w ill be assured a good edu­ Washington’s latest military to fight so successfully is based on their popular support. average of $1 a vote for his cation; where the standard of liv­ puppet dictator in South Vietnam, p lu ra lity ; Stassen, an also-ran, ing can be raised to the highest General Nguyen Khanh, was re­ “The guerrillas’ control of the Don't Miss Speech local population gives them ad­ spent about $32 a vote. W hat limits for everyone. cently described by Tim e maga­ By Malcolm X Rockefeller and Goldwater spent We don’t ask anyone to attend zine as “ the ‘strongman’ whom the vantages in the gathering of in­ formation and in troop conceal­ Our next issue w ill feature has not been revealed, but it is $100 a plate dinners to finance U.S. desperately wants to sell to the text of the speech de­ reported that a total of 7 m illio n our work because those from his own people.” He has already ment,” reports Nevard. “These advantages negate to a large ex­ dollars was used by all the con­ whom we seek support could not suffered what the Associated Press livered by Malcolm X to the testants! afford it. We just ask everyone on April 9 called a “major set­ tent the benefits the Government Militant -Labor Forum in That is the kind of money the who reads this to dig into his or back.” troops derive from United States- New York April 8. (See re­ capitalist parties are able to com­ her pocket and be as generous as supplied communications and port on meeting, page 8.) Vietnam Heartland transportation equipment.” mand. What is even more inter­ possible. When you contribute to To our knowledge this is esting is their sudden discovery of a capitalist “friend of labor” you His loudly touted “offensive” to The destruction of the militia the first time a speech of his “ issues.” can be assured that he w ill file drive the Viet Cong guerrillas out school, according to Nevard, is ex­ For instance, President Johnson, and forget all the promises he of the Mekong Delta area, Viet­ pected to have a great impact on has been published in full. already campaigning hard for re- made you as soon as he is elected. nam’s heartland, has been dealt a the Vietnamese people in and Readers w ill find it stands in election, has been issuing “non­ When you contribute to a cam­ demoralizing blow at the start. It around Saigon. The training cen­ sharp contrast to the distor­ p o litic a l” messages to Congress in paign for socialism you are mak­ is the guerrilla army which is on ter was “ on one of the most heavi­ tion of his views by the news which we find he has suddenly ing an investment in the fight the real offensive and striking ly traveled highways in South media. discovered that there is poverty for a world in which it will be within gunshot of Saigon, South Vietnam and its police check­ Additional copies of the is­ in this country! a joy to live. Vietnam’s capital and center of its point, protected by thick walls and sue,'in quantities of ten or Please send your contributions governm ent and ru lin g class. barbed wire, was familiar to The Socialist Workers Party more, may be ordered at six campaigns in support of the rights to SWP, 116 University Place, New Jacques Nevard’s ■ dispatch from thousands of people who passed cents each. and interests of the working peo- Y ork, N. Y. 10003. South Vietnam in the April 10 (Continued on Page 4) Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, A pril 20, 1964

REPORT FROM CLEVELAND Minister’s Death Deepens Fight on Racism

(Special to The Militant) Tuesday, April 7 — Rev. Bruce CLEVELAND, April 13 — The Klunder, one of several pickets T h e N a tio n a l P icke t L in e Jim-Crow system has brought the who lay down in front and back first death in the nation during of equipment to halt construction, There are no Negroes on the a non-violent anti-segregation dem­ was crushed to death by tread of executive board of the Interna­ onstration here last week. bulldozer. Driver was rescued tional Ladies Garment Workers After the first shock, the first from angry crowd by police. Street Union despite the fact that the tears, the first overwhelming fighting went on during rest of union has 72,000 Negro members. sense of tragic loss, it brought b it­ afternoon and evening after non­ The M arch 28 Amsterdam News, te r masses into the streets. It violent demonstrators le ft scene; a Negro newspaper in New York, shook the power structure of the More than 3500 involved; many reported that Leon Stein, a public city. It exposed the callous hypoc­ were injured although only 13, in­ relations aide to ILGWU President risy of the legislative, judicial and cluding 8 policemen, were so re­ David Dubinsky, doubted that Du- executive agencies of the ruling ported; 26, including women, ar­ binsky would discuss whether a class. A nd it brought new de­ rested and jailed, were later Negro would become a vice pres­ termination, new allies, greater bailed out by civil rights move­ ident, or enter the leadership unity and renewed dedication to ment . . . NAACP announced it ranks. the militant young leaders of the would support a school boycott to Negro revolt. stop construction. Negro civil-rights leaders have “The death of Bruce Klunder,” raised the question of Negro rep­ Wednesday, April 8 — Emer­ Ruth Turner, executive secretary gency meeting of city officials and resentation as a result of the re­ of Cleveland CORE said today, cent election of Alberto E. San­ civil rights leaders considered the “makes us rededicate ourselves to crisis . . . 250 demonstrators chez to the ILGWU executive the goals for which he died — not board. Although there are over Ruth Turner staged sit-in at City Hall for eight only school integration, but the hours, leaving only after a two- 40,000 Puerto Ricans in the union, implementation of the U.S. Con­ Sanchez is the first to achieve of the objectionable school con­ week truce stopping both construc­ stitution, once and for all.” struction program. tion and demonstrations was an­ this post. Referring to the crowded events * * * Sharpening of the struggle was nounced. of the past week, she said: “The expressed in increased public Thursday, April 9 — Funeral for By threatening to move out of immediate struggle has demon­ Dubinsky meetings and statements in sup­ Bruce Klunder was attended by Pittsburgh, the Allis-Chalmers strated once and for all the blind­ port of McAllister by the segrega­ 1500, including Dick Gregory and M fg. Co and the Blaw -K nox Co. ness and m oral poverty of the tionist National Association for the James Farmer; eulogy was by Rev. won major concessions from lead­ that their city could become “an­ city leadership. The shenanigans, Advancement of White People, the Eugene C. Blake of Philadelphia, ers of the United Steelworkers and other South Bend” (from which double-talk and double-crossing in Collinwood Improvement Associa­ state clerk of the General Assem­ United Auto Workers. the negotiations of the past week Studebaker recently moved), rank- tion and Mayfield-Murray Hill bly of the , United Presbyterian Allis-Chalmers got a two-year, have demonstrated to the whole and-file members voted to accept District Council (area where the Church and chairman of the Com­ no-wage-increase contract from community what Negroes have the new contract. first mob violence against Negroes mission of Religion and Race of UAW Local 1036 and, forgetting known for quite a while, that the occurred in the integration of bus the National Council of Churches earlier pleas of poverty, imme­ * * * official leadership is unable to see transported children from over­ . . . Brett school white mothers diately announced a plant remodel­ If no settlement is reached d u r­ and understand the dynamics of crowded ghetto schools). abused Negro children and white ing and expansion program. the struggle for justice and equal­ ing the 15-day truce period im­ A summary of the highlights of ministers who tried to protect The Blaw-Knox deal with the ity .” posed on the railroad unions and the past week in capsule form fol­ them . . . Various church groups USA leaders was even sweeter for the companies, more anti-labor the bosses. I t got a 6% per cent Speaking at a televised mass lows: demanded resignation of McAllis­ legislation w ill be rushed through demonstration of the United Free­ Friday, April 3 — Following a ter . . . Mass rallies were held at wage cut, reduction of vacation Congress to prevent the rail work­ time and the “right to reorganize dom Movement outside the Board CORE-sponsored symposium with night, 400 at segregationist Col­ ers from striking against plans to of Education building in downtown Louis Lomax and Malcolm X, 300 linwood Improvement Association, production procedures,” i.e., to lay them off by the thousands. force more work out of its 850 Cleveland late this afternoon, Miss persons marched to the Lakeview 3000 at CORE meeting . . . Mc­ The U.S. Senate, however, has employes. Turner called for a city-wide boy­ school construction site, symboli­ Allister denounced the truce. To cap it, Pittsburgh’s political a sticky problem. The current fili­ cott of Cleveland schools to begin cally “burying” segregated schools Friday, April 10 — Truce was bosses gave Allis-Chalm ers a gen­ buster against the civil-rights bill next Monday morning. in a casket. Picketing of the site broken by School Board under erous 40-year lease on eleven prevents the taking up of new She asked parents — both Ne­ was announced for Monday . . . McAllister’s pressure . . . Judge acres of prime land which the city business unless both sides agree gro and white — to send their McAllister rejected meeting with Corrigan permits construction to will also help redevelop for the to do so without ending the talk- children to Freedom Schools which Greater Cleveland Conference on resume, enjoins demonstrators. fest. But when it comes to knifing are being set up, “where they w ill company’s benefit. Race and Religion to discuss Saturday, April 11 — UFM the rail workers’ interests South­ study the U.S. Constitution” and school integration. charges betrayal and calls for After weeks of pressure from ern Bourbons and Northern lib­ how to demonstrate. She also both company and union officials, Monday, April 6 — A hundred School Board demonstration Mon­ erals see eye to eye. Senate Demo­ asked for additional teachers and demonstrators picket Lakeview day . . . 30 bags of masonry ce­ in the course of which UAW and cratic Majority Leader Mansfield parents to volunteer their services. school construction site; some lay ment were slashed and scattered USA members were threatened announced on April 10: “If legis­ Miss Turner also announced a down under trucks and are drag­ at Lakeside school site. lation is needed, we w ill set aside boycott of the Cleveland Press and ged out; 20 are arrested by police, Sunday, A pril 12 — 900 attended the civil-rights bill temporarily to the two largest downtown depart­ some beaten. School board unani­ NAACP Freedom Fund dinner. handle it.” ment stores, Higbee’s and the May Monday, April 13 — 1,000 dem­ * * * mously approved “ any legal action Weekly Calendar Co., effective im m ediately. necessary” to stop further trouble onstrate at Public Square against Walter Reuther is denying Aim of the boycotts is to com­ on board property. Lone Negro segregated schools . . . Boycott of headlined news stories that he pel the political and business member William F. Boyd’s motion Cleveland Press, downtown busi­ CHICAGO came to an agreement last Jan­ leaders of the city to stop con­ to halt construction until board nesses and c ity schools announced THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE, a dis­ uary with Henry Ford on parts of struction of ghetto schools at the would act on recommendations of . . . Thousands of cards circulated cussion of the recent book. Speaker: the new auto contract which isn’t site where the young Presbyterian its human relations advisory com­ in answer to NAAWP by “white Constance Weissman, Militant staff writ­ scheduled for negotiation until minister was crushed to death by mittee was lost for lack of a sec­ citizens of Cleveland” who are for er. Fri., April .24, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, next summer. Reuther says that a bulldozer last Tuesday, and at ond . . . United Freedom Move­ integrated schools . . . suburban 302 South Canal St. Ausp. Friday Night the banner headline story in the two other locations. ment voted to join CORE demon­ Cleveland Heights residents organ­ Socialist Forum. M arch 31 Detroit Free Press re­ • These ghetto schools, as a full- stration at school site. ize to support school integration. porting that such an agreement page CORE advertisement in The DETROIT had been reached was “misleading Plain Dealer tomorrow explains, SOCIALIST SEMINAR WEEKEND. and without foundation in fact.” w ill be inferior and inadequate, by W ith Jack Barnes on HOW SOCIAL­ According to the Free Press ac­ their location and construction SNCC Gets U.S. Agency to Pull Out ISTS FIG H T FOR C IV IL LIBERTIES, Fri., r, April 24, 8 p.m. Sessions on Saturday count the agreement was on a plans. They are unnecessary since end Sunday. C all TE 1-6135 fo r in fo r­ preferential lay-off plan by which there are more than enough empty Of Jim Crow Mississippi Meeting m ation. 3737 Woodward. Ausp. Friday older workers during the last few classrooms in the city school sys­ Night Socialist Forum. years of their working lives would tem to handle the children from WASHINGTON, D. C. — The asked Joey Adams, President of * * * be “phased out” by putting them the overcrowded ghetto schools. United States Department of Com­ the American Guild of Variety part time on retirement pay and Artists, to cancel an April 14- HEAR SOCIALIST VIEWS ON RA­ And the only purpose of the step­ merce and the Small Business D IO . Every Monday, 7:15-7:30 p.m. Sta­ part time on their jobs. ped up construction program is 18 appearance of Holiday on Ice Administration withdrew sponsor­ tio n W Q R S-FM (105.1). Ford and Reuther are known to to resegregate the Negro children in the Jackson, Mississippi city • have met last January when both now being transported to schools ship of an April 8 Foreign Trade coliseum. attended sessions of President in white neighborhoods. Seminar in Hattiesburg, Mississip­ “The coliseum is a segregated MINNEAPOLIS Johnson’s Advisory Committee on In other action announced today, pi after the Student Non-violent facility and the audience will be CLIFTO N DE BERRY, Socialist Work­ Labor-Management Policy to civil rights attorneys are filing Coordinating Committee (SNCC) segregated,” Lewis told Adams. ers Party candidate fo r President, speaks which they belong. Therefore, it is suits to appeal an order by Judge protested to United States Sec­ Lewis said Walter Allen, a visit­ on The Negro Challenge to the Social John V. Corrigan forbidding civil O rder. Fri., April 24, 8:30 p.m. 704 not excluded — especially when retary of Commerce Luther ing professor at Vassar College, Hennepin Ave. Hall 240. Ausp. Friday Reuther’s long record of collab­ rights demonstrators from inter­ Hodges. and Stephen Spender of North­ Night Socialist Forum. orating w ith the bosses is taken fering with construction of the In an April 2 letter to SNCC western University, had informed • into consideration — that he did three new schools. If their appeal Chairman John Lewis, Jack N. him they would not appear at the do a little back-door negotiating. is denied, a number of taxpayers’ Behrman, of the Department of segregated Southern Literary N EW YORK If so, it would mean that he had suits to halt construction will be Domestic and International Busi­ Festival at Mississippi State Col­ FOLK CONCERT featuring Dave Van some measure of agreement with filed. ness, said the Departm ent of lege For Women at Columbus, Ronk, Alix Dobkin, Barry Kornfeld and Ford even before the UAW con­ Ignoring hysterical and slander­ Commerce and the Small Business Mississippi bn April 23 - 25. “You Thadd Beebe. Sat., April 18, 8:30 p.m vention at which the delegates ous attacks on Ruth Turner, on Administration had withdrawn have my full sympathy in your 116 University Place. C o n trib . $1.50., Arthur Evans, chairman of Cleve­ Ausp. Militant Labor Forum. were supposed to decide upon pro­ their sponsorship of the segregat­ fight for civil rights” Allen told posals for a new agreement. land CORE, on Antoine Perot and ed meeting. Lewis. “I admire greatly the work * * * There was an angry reaction to other popular leaders, as “irre­ The gathering was set for the of your committee” Spender told Fri., April 25 — JOEL A. ROGERS the Free Press story from rank- sponsible” and “wild” the militant University of Southern Mississippi Lewis. The SNCC head said he noted Negro historian end author, to speak on "The Negro In American His­ and-file auto workers. They indi­ civil rights movement pressed for­ in Hattiesburg. The school — all had received no reply from John tory." 116 University PI., 8:30 p.m. cated strong opposition to the re­ ward on a number of fronts last white — has refused admittance Gassner, head of the Yale Uni- Contrib. $1. Ausp. Militant Labor For­ ported agreement on “phasing week. to one Negro, John Frazier, five versity drama department, who is um. out” older workers. For example, CORE sent telegrams to 16 times. An official of the Hatties­ also slated to appear at the liter­ Jack Wagner, president of Buick “leaders of the Negro community” burg Chamber of Commerce, ary festival. Saturday, May 2 — G A LA M A Y DAY Local 599 in Flint, told reporters: demanding that they declare planned co-sponsors of the sem­ The student anti-segregation CELEBRATION, refreshments and buf­ “Even the elderly workers say publicly where they stand on “the inar, told SNCC workers Negroes group has been waging a success­ fet supper from 5:30 p.m. VERNEL OL­ they don’t want it. They say that segregationist position of Ralph ful campaign to halt segregated SEN, Canadian lecturer & writer recent­ would not be permitted to attend ly back from 5 weeks in Cuba, will when they go [out of the plants] McAllister,” school board presi­ the meeting. speeches and performances in Mis­ speak on CUBA FACES THE FUTURE. they want to go out forever.” dent and most adamant proponent SNCC Chairman Lewis has also sissippi. Monday, A p ril 20, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Three Miss. Rights Drive to Face 2 New York Cops Buffalo Opposition Mounting An Expanded Police Force Cleared in Killing To Coming Visit by HUAC JACKSON, Miss. — The Mis­ tion with the 1,000 volunteer sissippi legislature passed an workers SNCC hopes to mobilize Of Puerto Ricans The House Un-American Activi­ student demonstrations in San emergency bill April 2 to curb this summer, Johnson asked the NEW YORK, April 8 — A New ties Committee hearings that were Francisco in 1960, civil-rights activity. Voted unani­ legislature to authorize cities and York County grand jury today re­ scheduled to begin in Buffalo on Seven years ago, in 1957, H UAC mously by both houses of the leg­ counties to send their “overflow fused to indict the cops responsi­ April 14 have been postponed un­ held public hearings in Buffalo. islature, the act prohibits “unlaw­ prisoners to a detention center at til April 29. Opponents of HUAC At that time there was almost no ble for killing two young Puerto ful picketing of state buildings, the state penitentiary at Parch- attributed the postponement to the vocal opposition. Attitudes have courthouses, public streets and man in the Delta.” Ricans last November 15, thus in vigorous and growing opposition changed since then, especially sidewalks.” SNCC chairman John Lewis effect clearing them of any wrong­ to the hearings that has been ex­ among the Negro people and the According to the Jackson Daily said the new bill was “proof Mis­ doing in the slayings. Some 30 pressed in Buffalo. students. This time HUAC faces a real fight. News, State Senator E. K . Col­ sissippi is truly a police state.” persons, including the two patrol­ Anne Braden, prominent civil lins of Laurel described the meas­ rights fighter in the South and Mayor Allen Thompson of Jack­ men, testified at the hearings. ure as “an emergency bill for son is expanding his riot-trained editor of the Southern Patriot, the The double killing sparked a Greenwood.” The Student Non­ police force from 390 to 450, plus newspaper of the Southern Con­ 400 Portland Students violent Coordinating Committee two horses and six dogs. It w ill be mass demonstration in front of ference Educational Fund, told has conducted intensive voter- backed by a reserve pool of depu­ the 25th Precinct Police Station at The Militant about the atmosphere Picket SACB Hearings registration drives in Greenwood ties, state troopers, civilian city 151 West 100th St. Two hundred in Buffalo. She had been invited At least 400 Portland, Oregon, since August, 1962. Daily picketing to speak there on the topic “HUAC employes, and even neighborhood of the demonstrators, described by college students picketed the fed­ of the Leflore County Courthouse “ citizen patrols.” With $2.2 million and Segregation” just prior to the eral Subversive Activities Control police as being in an “ugly and there resulted in the arrest of 14 to spend, Thompson’s Gestapo re­ scheduled opening of the hearings. Board hearings there April 7 in SNCC workers March 31. cently bought 200 new shotguns, near-riotous mood,” erupted down The Buffalo Committe to Oppose the largest such protest in the In requesting the bill in early stockpiled tear gas and issued gas Broadway, snarling traffic en HUAC sponsored her talk. The 14-year history of the SACB, ac­ March, Mississippi’s Democratic masks to every man. route. committee was organized largely cording to officials. The students, Governor Paul Johnson asked for by those subpoenaed and mem­ The Jackson power structure is some of whom arrived at 6:30 full police powers to give him The two cops told the grand bers of the university community. readying three canvas-canopied jury that as they were driving a.m., picketed until 3:30 p.m., "a highly mobile, professional Students at the state Univer­ carrying signs condemning the Mc- force.” Anticipating the confronta- troop lorries, two half-ton search­ to the police station Victor Rod­ light trucks, and three giant riguez, 26, pulled a gun and fired sity of Buffalo organized a sep­ Carran Act as violating the sixth trailer trucks to haul demonstra­ a shot into the dashboard. Patrol­ arate committee, Youth Opposed and fourteenth Amendments. tors away. Behind all this, there man James Edmundson then fired to HUAC. Clark Foreman, execu­ The demonstration, led by Port­ Rights Activists Speak is a 13,000-pound armored battle- four times, killing Rodriguez and tive director of the Emergency land State College student Tom wagon with room for 12 men, Maximo Solero, 34. The two had Civil Liberties Committee was in­ Rogers, and Reed College students At ECLC Symposium abristle with shotguns, tear-gas been arrested while allegedly vited to address this group, and Jim Berland, Robert Mandel and NEW YORK, April 14—A panel guns, and a submachine gun. This drunk in a bar at West End Ave. spoke before some 200 students. Fred Minlin, was orderly and — discussion on “The Struggle for behemoth has already put down a Puerto Ricans took a different During the same week prior to contrary to the major interest of Civil Rights and the Erosion of demonstration at the all-Negro view of the slayings. Why, they the scheduled hearings. Joan the pulp press — its participants Civil Liberties” was held here last Jackson State College. Says asked, did the cops violate police Baez, famous folk singer, ex­ were neatly dressed. Speakers at night sponsored by the Emergency Thompson: “We’re going to be procedure by not frisking the two pressed her opposition to HUAC a rally held at noon declared the Civil Liberties Committee. ready for them.” “suspects” and by placing them at her concert attended by some McCarran Act “subversive.” William Kunstler, civil rights alone in the back seat? And most 3,000. Inside the U.S. Courthouse, 85 attorney and author, spoke on the CLARKSDALE, Miss. — The important, what was the car do­ The Committee to Abolish students and a few adults ap­ “Abuse of Lawyers in the South.” first Negro woman to run for ing beneath an underpass on HUAC has offered legal counsel to plauded the opening speech by the He pointed out that lawyers who Congress from Mississippi told a Riverside Drive (where the shoot­ those subpoenaed. So far they attorney for two Portland men were willing to take civil rights campaign meeting A p ril 1 she ing allegedly occurred), well off number about 15, including at who have been directed to reg­ cases had been systematically wanted to “go to Washington to the route to the 100th St. police least one faculty member, one ister as members of the Commu­ hounded out of the South. right the wrongs” done Negroes station? Some residents suspect graduate student, a member of the nist Party under the Internal Se­ Joni Rabinowitz described the by the incumbent 2nd Congres­ that the police took the two to administrative staff of the univer­ curity Act of 1950. vicious abuses of protesters she sional District Representative this out-of-the-way spot to “work sity, a union official and several Key witness for the government had witnessed while doing voter Jamie Whitten (D-Miss.). them over,” and shot them when people active in the civil rights, was David Reilly, who said he be­ registration work for SNCC in they resisted. Neither Rodriguez civil liberties or peace movements. came a paid informer for the FBI Albany, Georgia. She asked people or Salero had a police record. The feeling in Buffalo was that and joined the Oregon Communist to circulate petitions protesting the BALTIMORE — Mrs. Gloria The Puerto Rican Committee here and now is the place and P arty fo r $4,500 a year. R e illy test­ action of the federal government Richardson, head of the Cam­ for Human Rights, headed by time to stop HUAC. The hearings ified that Norman Haaland, a 69- in initiating its first civil rights bridge Nonviolent Action Com­ Oscar G. Suarez, a lawyer, has are the first scheduled publicly year-old retired carpenter, was case against herself and other c iv il mittee and member of SNCC’s demanded a full-scale investiga­ by HUAC outside of Washington state chairman of the Communist rights workers. executive committee, addressed a tion of the killings. since the committee was met by Party. Anne Braden, author of The rally sponsored by the Maryland Wall Between and editor of the League of Women’s Club March Southern Patriot, spoke on the 20 and urged Maryland’s Negroes role of legislative investigating to register, study the candidates committees, such as HUAC, in carefully and “make them buy ... Fisk University Students Hear DeBerry votes with deeds.” She charged fighting against civil rights. (Continued from Page 1) send troops to their countries and William Worthy, noted Negro both Democrats and Republicans the Socialist Workers Party, spent both the Republican and Demo­ tell those people what they should journalist, suggested a concerted with token action to gain votes. four busy days in the Detroit area crats who are dedicated to the or should not do? publicity campaign to expose the She said she believed Negroes discussing the main issues in the preservation of the capitalist sys­ “No, these countries would not government’s refusal to act against should not vote if the public-ac- 1964 election campaign. His pre­ tem on which Jim Crow is based. start a war with the U.S. What the racists by persistent sit-ins at commodation law, passed the week sentation of the socialist program For this reason, DeBerry ex­ they would do if the U.S. with­ the offices and homes of the at­ before by the state legislature, is was received with interest at sev­ plained, he was all for the move­ drew its troops would be to make torney general, the FBI, Adlai put to a referendum. Human eral meetings and was well pub­ ment to build a Freedom Now their revolutions and achieve Stevenson, the Democratic party, rights should not be subjected to licized in the press, radio and TV. Party. He also welcomed the new freedom and equality for their and American embassies abroad. the ballot box, she affirm ed. The high point of DeBerry’s vi­ movement being formed by Mal­ peoples. The best w ay to prevent sit here was a symposium, held at war is for the U.S. to withdraw colm X who has declared that a packed Debs Hall, where he Black Nationalism must express its troops.” debated John Conyers Jr. on itself p o litica lly and who has Another question was: “What’s “Which Road for Negroes in the ...World's Fair Stall-ln called for a registration drive your opinion about the Sino-So- 1964 Election?” Conyers, a well- viet dispute? Which side do you (Continued from Page 1) integrated quality education for in the ghettoes, but for Negroes known liberal lawyer, is seeking support?” all — we will fully support and to register as independents — the Democratic nomination for Brooklyn CORE sent the following DeBerry answered: “Both have help organize a community backed not as Republicans or Democrats. Congress in the 1st District, and telegram to Mayor Robert F. Wag­ planned economies which we sup­ ner April 9: plan to immobilize all traffic lead­ Another student asked what his main argument for working DeBerry meant by the term port. Both have bureaucracies “For many years you have given ing to the World’s Fair on open­ in the Democratic Party was that ing day, Wednesday, A p ril 22.” “white capitalist power structure.” which we do not suport. Neither neither the Socialist Workers Par­ lip service to the just demands of allow free political or cultural ex­ “ They’re the ru lin g class,” he ty nor the Freedom Now Party black people of this city for equal This call expresses the new pression to the masses— the masses answered, “the people who own has any chance of winning in jobs, decent housing, first-class realization among m ilitant Negroes have no say-so in the m aking of and control the big industries of 1964. education, and the right to live that they aren’t going to make decisions which affect them. this country and use th e ir power The symposium, sponsored by in peace and dignity — and for progress by begging, but that they “But we (the Socialist Work­ and influence to control commun­ the Friday Night Socialist Forum, just as long, you and your agency have got to make Jim Crow injus­ ers Party) think the Chinese have ications, education — use these was moderated by Dr. Edgar heads have done everything in tice costly to whites as well as expressed a more correct position things to indoctrinate white Keemer. It was taped and most your power to thwart these de­ Negroes and show complacent toward the colonial revolution mands. You have endorsed the America that if the Negroes can’t Americans with their racist ideol­ of it was played over the popular than the Russians and we support radio show run by the Group for racist statements of School Board have a decent life , nobody else ogy.” them on that.” President James Donovan; the can either. Asked to prove there is an eco­ Advanced Leadership (GOAL). A student asked how he knew DeBerry also spoke before three crude threats and insults of Po­ To be sure, the stall-in w ill an­ nomic basis for Jim Crow he there would be no Jim Crow un­ student meetings — at Wayne lice Commissioner Murphy; the ger some motorists on the roads, cited facts about the difference der socialism. State University, University of arrest of Jesse Gray, and the but if it comes off, it will make in wages between Negro and “ Once the cause of Jim Crow Toledo and University of Michigan illegal eviction of rent strikers. the movement a real force to white workers, the jobs that were is eliminated,” DeBerry replied, in Ann Arbor. The latter meet­ You have disregarded the ram­ reckon with. closed to Negroes, the housing “the basis is laid for abolishing ing, a symposium, found DeBer­ pant discrimination in the build­ The city’s traffic commissioner conditions imposed on them by it. Where capitalism and its profit ry arguing on the same side as ing trades, the brewery industry, Henry A. Barnes unwittingly rent-gouging slumlords. He said system have been done away David Barnard, a spokesman of and even in your own office. You acknowledged the power of Brook­ that this was why the fight is with, there is no good reason for the Freedom Now Party, against have acquiesced in the jailing of lyn CORE’S proposal when he de­ centering more around the ques­ maintaining Jim Crow. And a a naive white young Democrat civil rights demonstrators, but clared: “This would not only tie tion of job discrimination, why real socialist government has a who defended gradualism. have never seen fit to imprison up the fair, it would paralyze the you have rent strikes in Harlem stake in wiping it out to enjoy Stories and pictures about De­ or indict those who discriminate. whole city. Traffic in Queens and other places. These are all the backing of the colored peo­ Berry’s candidacy appeared in “The people of this community where the fair is located would economic issues, he explained. ple of the country. For example, both Detroit dailies, the News and are fed up with empty promises back up across Manhattan and in­ There was a lot of discussion on since the revolution in Cuba they the Free Press. Talks and inter­ and pious pronouncements. Unless to the Bronx, Brooklyn and even foreign policy. Someone asked: really cracked down on people for views with him were also made you formulate, and begin to im­ New Jersey. It would take a week “If we withdraw our troops from practicing Jim Crow in any form.” for stations WXYZ-TV, WDTM- plement a comprehensive program to untangle the mess. A tow tru ck foreign soil, as you suggest, FM, WQRS-FM and WCHB. by April 20th, which will end would have to get through each wouldn’t these countries rebuild DETROIT, April 11 — Arriving DeBerry’s visit convinced quite police brutality, abolish slum hous­ tie-up to reach a stalled car . . . ana start another w?ar?” here last Tuesday after touring a few people that they want to ing, integrate the construction and there wouldn’t be enough trucks DeBerry answered: “What Tennessee and Kentucky, Clifton actively join the campaign for brewery industries, and provide to handle the mess.” rig h t does this country have to DeBerry, presidential candidate of him. Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, A p ril 20, 1964

A MARXIST VIEWPOINT THE MILITANT Meaning of Black Nationalism Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN Managing Editor: GEORGE LAV AN Business Manager: KAROL, YN KERRY The development of Malcolm X ’s Published weekly, except during July and August when published bl-weekly, movement since he left the Black by The Militant Publishing Ass’n., 116 University PI., New York 3, N.Y. Phone Muslims last month has focused CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; widespread interest on the phe­ Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily nomenon of black nationalism. The represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials. pamphlet, Freedom Now: New Stage in the Struggle for Negro Vol. 28 - No. 16 345 M onday, A p r il 20, 1964 Emancipation, which contains a resolution adopted by the July 1963 Convention of the Socialist Workers Party, throws a good deal Brazil's 'Democratic' Dictator of light on this development. Washington’s political buddies in Brazil are giving the world The discussion of black national­ ism begins by emphasizing its another lesson in “democracy.” Forty members of the Brazilian uniqueness and warning against Congress have been purged. They and 60 other prominent political attempts to make a too simple figures, including deposed President Joao Goulart and former comparison with other forms of nationalism. “Moreover,” the res­ President Janio Quadros, have been deprived of all political olution predicts, “Negro national­ rights for a ten-year period and more than 7,000 “Communists ism is still in an early stage of and pro-Communists” have been arrested so far in a sweeping its development and w ill surely liquidation of political dissent to the m ilitary takeover. undergo changes in the future. A definitive analysis will have to Then the purged and intimidated Congress “elected” Army wait until Negro nationalism be­ Chief of Staff, Gen. Humberto Castelo Branco to the presidency. comes a mass movement and ac­ The m ilitary rulers of Brazil, with Washington and the sycophan­ quires firmer and more fixed fea­ tic U.S. press joining the chorus, assure one and all that Brazil’s tures than it now displays.” “democratic constitution remains in effect.” Nonetheless, it notes the sources of nationalist sentiment. “Capital­ But the emperor has no constitutional clothes. A simple read­ ism segregates the Negroes, con­ ing of the Brazilian constitution reveals that to prevent m ilitary fines them in ghettoes, builds walls take-ov£rs it expressly forbids the selection of the Chief of Staff around them and binds them to­ NEW YORK MEMORIAL. Part of crowd of 10,000 that gathered as president. gether in common resentment at Federal Building in New York last fall to mourn murdered against racial discrimination, pro­ Capitalist doublespeak to the contrary, the makers of U.S. Birmingham children. Government failure to prevent such acts foreign policy don’t give a damn about democratic procedures scription, deprivation and abuse. . . . [Nationalism] is an outgrowth of racist terror is serving to deepen black nationalist sentiment. and constitutionality in Latin America. They are interested solely of these conditions, a reaction in: 1) protecting U.S. imperialism’s holdings there and 2) keep­ against them, a way of resisting plains, contains the verdict that the fercntialing a racially oppressed ing those countries lined up behind U.S. m ilitary and diplomatic them and fighting them.” “American Way of Life” has noth­ policies. minority from its oppressors and W hy Now? ing to offer Negroes. “The urge to of uniting it ideologically and or­ The brutal and tyrannical measures employed by Brazil’s W hy does black nationalism tear loose and separate from the ganizationally to free itself from feudal and capitalist rulers, and so completely underwritten by spring up now? “In the past the social fabric of U.S. capitalism is oppression. Negro nationalism Washington, can only stave off the gathering revolutionary storm hope that these conditions could not far removed from the urge, plays a function for the Negro temporarily. They insure that the storm w ill sweep the country be eliminted tended to weaken under different forms, to abolish people here in many ways like more thoroughly and fiercely on the day of reckoning. Negro nationalist sentiment and that system in revolutionary that which class consciousness suspend its activity. However, the struggle.” plays for the working class.” belief that these conditions will While American Negroes form James Baldwin’s definition, the The Wallace Vote in Wisconsin exist in this country forever, or an oppressed minority without a resolution said, is helpful. Na­ for another lifetime, serves to clearly defined geographical, lan­ tionalism means, he said, “that a The results of the Wisconsin Democratic primary gave an in­ nourish, strengthen and activate guage, or cultural basis, national­ certain group ol people, living in dication of attitudes in the North which surprised many commen­ Negro nationalism.” ism is “a broad medium for ‘self- a certain place, has decided to take tators. Gov. Wallace of Alabama ran as an avowed racist and Nationalism, the resolution ex- identification,’ a method of dif- its political destinies into its own got almost a1 third of the vote. In Wisconsin the Democratic pri­ hands.” mary is open to all voters, and many Republicans are said to Nationalism, says the document, have voted for Democrat Wallace. A t any rate, the vote of 264,000 is more widespread than separa­ for Wallace represents about a quarter of the total number of ... Rough Going in Vietnam tism. “Nationalists want the right to decide their destiny, and to votes cast in both primaries. (Continued from Page 1) being comforted in its father’s create an independent movement This vote is an expression of opposition to Freedom Now through here each day in buses, arms was published in the U.S. and other conditions that will for the black people in this country. Though some people voted automobiles and animal-drawn press, on March 19, appearing in make it possible for them to de­ for Wallace as a rightist candidate rather than a racist candidate, wagons.” both the New York Times and cide their destiny. But so far they the distinction is not very great. They were knowingly voting for The dispatch • reports that the New Y ork Post. have not made a choice in favor the representative of Alabama-style racism. checkpoint no longer exists. It was An Associated Press dispatch of ax separate nation. . . They leave open the question of separa­ This happened in Wisconsin— a state where Negroes constitute demolished with explosive charges. from Cambodia on the same day tism for a future stage . . .” a very small minority, less than three per cent of the population. Nevard’s article reveals that the reported an attack by South Viet­ successful attack on the training nam government tanks and planes Socialist Directions As the struggle of the black people for freedom and equality center was made by just two com­ on a Cambodian border village. grows and deepens — involving larger sections of the community, panies of guerrillas and despite AP photographer Horst Faas said Revolutionary socialists welcome becoming better organized and adopting more m ilitant tactics — the fact that the center was “ well that Vietnamese fighter-bombers the growth of nationalism and so too opposition crystalizes and is organized. For example, as protected by a thick mud wall, a “threw air strike after air strike must be ready to learn from m ili­ the New York school boycott movement developed, the reactionary moat and a double barricade of into the village, killing and wound­ tant Negro tendencies and to ab­ sorb everything progressive in Parents and Taxpayers Assn. was organized in retaliation. barbed wire.” The government ing some civilians.” He claimed said the defeat was due to “trea­ that “several” alleged Vietnamese their spirit and ideas, while recog­ The pro-racist vote for Wallace is another bit of evidence son or gross dereliction of duty.” guerrillas were in the village. nizing that “we have things to of a truth that has been demonstrated many times. It w ill take contribute as well as learn. . . . It is evident that the government Nazi-like Atrocities more than pleas to the humanitarian feelings and consciences of forces are honeycombed with Viet Revolutionary socialists must be Incendiary napalm bombs do American whites to win black emancipation. Negroes are treated Cong sympathizers. In fact, there simultaneously firm and patient not discriminate between combat­ as a colonized people ih the United States and w ill never be have been increasing reports of in demonstrating that Marxism, ants and non-combatants. They do “given” equality simply because justice demands it. Freedom w ill defections to the Viet Cong. properly understood and applied/ not sort out “suspects” from non- is valid and relevant for the Ne­ The response of dictator Khanh be wrested from the capitalist power structure and its large num­ “suspects.” What moral difference gro struggle — firm because of ber of brain-washed dupes. The answer to the Wallace vote in and his U.S. “advisers” to the is there between the atrocities our confidence in the correctness Viet Cong victories over the past Wisconsin is to step up the fight for Freedom Now. being committed in the name of of the socialist program, patient period has been more savage as­ “freedom” and “democracy” with because we know that the logic of saults on the civilian population U.S. napalm and the Nazi bestial­ the Negro struggle inevitably leads in the villages where Viet Cong ities at Auschwitz? The Nazis it into socialist channels.” Fund Scoreboard “suspects” are said to be con­ Usually gassed th e ir victim s be­ cealed. Flaming jellied gasoline fore consigning them to the cre­ Percent C ity Quota Paid (Napalm) bombs are the chief matoriums. U.S. imperialism in D etroit $ 1,000 $ 690 69 weapon employed against the Vietnam is burning its victims Baltim ore 150 100 66 helpless peasants, their wives and alive. children. St. Louis 100 55 55 We American people should feel FREEDOM NOW 1,800 900 50 Chicago Civilian Slaughtered total revulsion at the crimes being Philadelphia 300 175 50 committed in our name in South New Stage in the Boston 850 390 46 Writing in the March 15 New Vietnam. Our voices must be Twin Cities 1,200 535 45 Y o rk Post on “Vietnam: A Time raised loud enough to shake the Struggle for Denver 250 94 38 of Decision,” Arthur Hurwich de­ halls in Washington: “Stop the San Diego 350 133 38 scribes the civilian slaughter atrocities! Hands off Vietnam! Let Negro Emancipation New Y ork 5,800 1,597 23 under the late Ngo Dinh Diem: the Vietnamese people decide their Seattle 600 132 22 “When a Communist concentra­ own fate! W ithdraw a ll U.S. (Socialist Workers Party Allentown 150 25 17 tion was reported in a village, the troops!” resolution) N ewark 200 32 16 homes and rice fields were ma­ i Milwaukee 350 50 15 chine-gunned and napalm-bombed 25 cents Cleveland 600 83 14 from the air. Statistics on non- . . . T ru th does not change be­ Los Angeles 5,000 623 12 combatants killed are not avail­ cause it is, or is not, believed by Oakland/Berkeley 500 35 7 able, but there must have been a majority of the people. San Francisco 800 00 00 thousands.” Giordano Bruno, Italian Connecticut 200 00 00 The implication that these atro­ philosopher. (1548? — burned PIONEER PUBLISHERS cities have been halted since the at the stake, 1600. He turned General 300 130 43 116 University Place overthrow of Diem is false. A his face away from the prof­ New York 3, N. Y. Totals through April 14 $20,500 $5,779 28 ghastly picture of ' a Vietnamese fered crucifix and died in si­ child, horribly burned by napalm, lence.) Monday, A pril 20, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Five

HE STOOD FAST ALL THE WAY Ed Gurske: Socialist, Union Builder By D ella Rossa gate to the CIO Council and the out in nation-wide strikes. Gurske was on the top national wage pol­ LOS ANGELES — Edward Los Angeles County Federation of icy committee, confronting the Gurske, a founder and leader of Labor. General Motors Corporation for the United Auto Workers Local The California unemployment 126 days. His union brothers say 216 in Southgate, Calif., worked program, secured by the union that he was a key man on the in the body plant at General Mo­ and instituted with the election of committee. These ’46 strikes were tors for 35 years. Auto plant belt Gov. Brown^'was really conceived a high point in the largest strike lines grind the life out of a man by Gurske and others of his cal­ wave to hit American industry in short order, and no other man iber. It was this program which had survived the grueling work increased benefits to $55 a week. and before the GM strike was won millions of workers joined at the Southgate plant for so long. When Gurske started to work in their own strikes. But on April 3 the body gave out: for General Motors there were no A week before his death, Ed Gurske, union brother and Negroes in the Southgate plant Gurske said, “I want it under­ comrade, was found dead in a and few Mexican Americans. stood why I supported Reuther gymnasium swimming pool. His Gurske and his union brothers heart had stopped functioning. He fought on this issue and today in 1946. I want it understood that even by 1947 Reuther began to was 55. there are about 10 per cent Ne­ change.” While his body was being de­ groes and 10 per cent Mexican With the GM locals out on voured on the belt line, General Americans in the GM bargaining sti’ike in 1946, Reuther’s career Motors could never beat down his unit. A T U N IO N P A R L E Y . The late Ed Gurske, left, discusses w ith courage or corrupt his profound The late 1930’s saw not only was on the line. So at that time, fellow delegates at the 1956 unity convention of the California understanding of the class strug­ the growth of the UAW but the although he did it demagogically, AFL and CIO. he supported demands long advo­ gle. It is this courage and leader­ surge of the new mass of un­ ship that w ill live on in the union skilled workers into the CIO, and cated by the SWP, such as the de­ Gurske was a tireless organizer mand that the companies “open “From then on,” a union brother situation. He had a tremendous brothers and comrades who know and comrade said, “Gurske him­ courage, and the ability to im­ him, and the younger ones who of this growth, handing out leaf­ the books” to show profits. This lets, talking to men at plants in was Reuther’s big weapon in the self had to fight to live.” part that courage to others.” w ill hear about him in the years This same comrade said, “ Eddie A union brother said, “Whoever to come. During the whole 35 other industries. They were called ’46 strike and his union brothers the “dawn patrol” of the CIO feel that Gurske was a big influ­ had a great warmth toward others Ed was working with, there would years, while he gave his muscle with problems, a tremendous com­ be a social, drinking relationship, and sweat and was wracked by Organizing Committee. ence behind it. It was during this period of the United Front passion for anyone at the bottom an a ffin ity , between them. They tensions of the belt line, he bat­ of the heap. He had the pride and would fight on the union floor, tled against the oppression of the growth of the CIO that union mil­ The UAW had entered the itants such as Gurske saw the strike in a united front with the the passion for the union and rad­ but afterwards the men would profit-hungry company, as a union ical movement. Perhaps it was look for Ed to have a drink and man, backed by the deeper un­ need of breaking politically with United Electrical Workers and the whole capitalist system. He with an agreement that the two when having a drink with him talk with them.” derstanding of a revolutionary so­ that this came out strongest.” About a month before Gurske’s cialist. looked at the program of the unions would settle the strike to­ Communist Party, rejected it, and gether. After about three months A comrade who fought along death there was •“the incident of In 1936, when Gurske was one side him in the union for over (he 35-year pin.” At GM’s ban­ of 15 charter members of Local chose Trotskyism. Although his of the strike the UE settled with main arena was the union front, GM for 15 cents an hour, under­ 20 years said, “ He had so much quet to hand out diamond pins, 216, the wage rate for metal fin­ emotion about the ups and downs a man in top management was ishers was 65 to 95 cents an hour, his membership in and close as­ cutting the UAW strike. Gurske sociation with the Socialist Work­ was there when Reuther was con­ in the union movement, that’s given a two-diamond pin in recog­ w hichever the boss chose. In 1964 why he was so intense. He was nition of 35 years at GM, Gurske, it is $3.00 an hour. Gurske, ers Party was central -to his poli­ fronted with the news, and he cies until the day of his death. said later, “Reuther was furious, a born leader, whether the guys who had started working for GM through the UAW, was important were with him or against him, Through the years he had to bat­ and correctly so. This sellout of in Flint in 1928, was ignored. This in bringing about this change. He they listened to him.” tle not only the employers but UE, under the lead of the Com­ crassness was a left-handed ac­ was a Local 216 delegate to CIO Gurske’s long fight, through the later the right wing in the UAW. munist Party, was the beginning knowledgement on the part of the state conventions and UAW na­ rough years, was not the only al­ He has said that it was only of the end of the CP in the UAW company, for in Ed Gurske they tional conventions. He was a del­ ternative open to him. A union through the historical perspective and was used against them recognized an implacable oppon­ egate to the UAW district council. brother said, “If Gurske had just that he gained as a revolutionary throughout the CIO.” ent of General Motors. In his own local he was chairman indicated he was available, he socialist that he was able to main­ With the opening of the Cold Gurske spoke with a raspy of the Fair Employment Practices could have gone on Reuther’s staff tain his balance and continue the War, Gurske saw Reuther change voice, a voice too big for anything committee and the unemployment in 1946 and he would have had fight. from a union militant to a “pork les than a union hall. His com­ committee, fighting against the in­ it made. chopper” and from then on rades and friends, his union broth­ roads of automation. During most In 1946, at the end of World A steelworker who was helped ers and family, won’t hear it any­ of the period he was on the local War II, the UAW plants, with Gurske had to fight not only the employers but the opportunistic through a tough situation in his more. But he’ll always be remem­ executive board. He was a dele­ steel and electrical workers, went union said of Gurske, “Ed had a policies in the UAW. bered, where fighting the compa­ way of dropping in, in a friendly Gurske first had to start work­ ny was concerned, as the man way, with an intuitiveness for the ing when he was only ten years who never gave an inch. old, when he went to work in the beet fields. He was the oldest in Speech by a Union Brother a family of seven and the burden of raising the family fell on him On April 12, South Gate Local discrim ination in employment has and his mother. He left when he Message from SWP 216 of the UAW held a memorial been vastly improved. was still young and felt a guilt meeting for Ed Gurske. Speakers Gurske is gone, but we w ill do for “deserting” the family. Later [T he following is an excerpt who kept his morale through the included Robert Burkhart, Inter­ honor to his memory by continu­ Gurske, who had a meager edu­ from the message sent by Farrell extended period of retreat and national Representative for Region ing the fight . . . cation, helped his youngest broth­ Dobbs, national secretary of the quiescence of the mass movement. 6, UAW, Louis Ciccone, Recording Gurske’s loyalities were alwa/s er, Sam, go to college. Then Socialist Workers Party, on be­ He did so without losing his bear­ Secretary of Local 216, Cy O’Hal- with the workingman. He could Gurske recruited Sam into the half of the party’s national com­ ings, without losing his socialist loran, AFL-CIO Organizer, Jack have advanced himself many times SWP in the early 1940s. mittee, to the Los Angeles SWP perspective and without accom­ Shepherd of Steel Workers Local at the cost of leaving his union Later, Sam had a mental break­ memorial meeting for Ed Gurske.] modating to the union bureau­ 2058, and C arl C. Kessler, Staff brothers. This, he would not do. down, for which he is still insti­ Comrade Gurske was one of cracy. His identity with the work­ Representative of Los Angeles Em­ He was offered supervisory jobs, tutionalized. Sam’s breakdown those uncommon trade unionists ers was too true, his personal ployee’s Association, Local 347. but he would not leave his union had a profound emotional effect who had the political sensitivity of character too strong for anything brothers and stuck to his job in The following are excerpts from on Gurske through the years. an effective mass leader and yet less, though isolation was not easy the speech by Louis Ciccone. the body shop which is a rough fo r Ed. * « * department to work in even though he had the most seniority in the He had the talents and the con­ In the 1930’s a depression plant and could have transferred nections to find a comfortable gripped the country. In the mass to other departments. Only when place and to cut a big swath in production industries, a revival he advanced in age and was not From Myra Tanner Weiss the union movement — if all he was taking place. On the basis physically able to fight the line had wanted to do was find a com­ of a slight increase in employment, did he request a transfer to an­ [The following are excerpts from front of all workers’ organizations, fortable place and cut a big swath. the workers staged a series of other job — with a reduction in a message to the Los Angeles SWP including the AFL, the CIO and But Ed kept fighting for what strikes and organized drives which pay. memorial meeting for Ed Gurske the Railroad Brotherhoods, to com­ he had started out to fight for — resulted in the formation of the If the present generation of from Myra Tanner Weiss who, as bat the provocations of Gerald justice for the workers. During the CIO. The idea was to form strong younger workers would know Los Angeles SWP organizer, had L. K. Smith. This unity culminated last half of his life Ed fought a unions to defend themselves more about the Ed Gurske’s and worked with Gurske over a num­ in an effective anti-fascist picket rear-guard action against the trade against sweat shop conditions and about what they did and what ber of years.] line of 20,000 in Los Angeles. union bureaucracy, against its starvation wages. The movement they were, they would pattern Ed began his life’s work in the Other cities throughout the coun­ class collaboration, its venality, its swept across the country from themselves after the example of struggle to organize the exploited try followed suit. witch hunts, its indifference to the coast to coast. someone like Ed, who gave so auto workers, to put a restraint Ed Gurske helped to bring the plight of the workers on the pro­ Here in California a thin,-young much of himself and asked for on the avarice and tyranny of power of organized labor to the duction line, the Negroes and the man, Ed Gurske, became an or­ nothing in return. General Motors corporation. His fight to win representation for unemployed. In this period he ganizer for the CIO. He helped Gurske knew that the only way courage and skill were apparent Mexican-Americans, for the first constantly drew renewed strength organize the workers in GM in the workers can gain anything in those early battles. But these time, to the Los Angeles City from the socialist convictions South Gate and became a charter substantial for themselves is to qualities abounded everywhere in Council. He fought for and won which he had embraced in his member of Local 216 at a time fight in unison and not as in­ the 1930’s. Ed Gurske’s unusual the hiring of Negroes into the auto youth. And he fought the bureau­ when it meant placing your liveli­ dividuals. supply of integrity and his deep plant where he spent his life. He crats with exceptional skill, keep­ hood on the chopping block . . . Gurske was a man of principle grasp of the meaning of the strug­ organized defense guards from the ing his eye on the long haul. Gurske played a major role in and anyone who knew him can gle became apparent only in the unions for Negroes who were In another period, in different breaking the color line in the em­ attest to that fact. He would not two decades that followed — when threatened with violence in the objective circumstances, Ed ployment practices at GM South yield an inch, and many were the he fought against the corruption struggle to destroy segregated Gurske might have been a widely Gate. Under his leadership and times that he fought in the minor­ and bureaucratic decay of the housing. He fought the witch-hunt, acclaimed mass leader. As it was, guidance, dnd with the assistance ity for what he believed to be just. movement he helped to bring into successfully defeating at least two he made the most of the opportuni­ of the more liberal element in the We can ill afford to lose a man existence . . . attempts to drive Communist ties that fate gave him to carry on local, he was successful in com­ like Ed, but we must accept the In the immediate post-war years, workers out of their unions for the struggle. There is no tragedy pelling local management to hire realities of life. Each of us should Ed played a major role in setting their political opinions . . . in that. The tragedy is that Ed members of minority groups into take a part of him, and this is what became a pattern for Ameri­ The American people do not died so soon. the plant. Before the war there what I am sure he would want us ca’s struggle with the domestic know they have lost one of their But he died a whole man, true were no minority groups hired, to do — then his work will live fascist threat. He and his com­ best sons with the death of Ed to his class, true to his youth, true and today, primarily through the on, in us, and we w ould be better rades in the labor movement Gurske. But we know; and we w ill to his comrades and true t® the efforts of union men like Gurske, men and women for it. brought into existence a united never forget. next generation. Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, A p ril 20, 1964

A BACKGROUND REPORT The Marcos Rodriguez Trial in Cuba By Fred Halstead torio leaders reported their suspi­ Then came the trial in Havana’s cions about Marcos to the PSP and district court. Chomon’s testimony APRIL 15 — Cuban President the July 26 and Marcos was ar­ and the way in which it was re­ Osvaldo Dorticos is reported to be rested. Cowley was questioned but ported and commented upon set considering the question of com­ had an alibi. Marcos did not, bu^. off a commotion in Cuba. Reports muting the death sentence against was released for lack of hard evi­ circulated that Chomon had at­ Marcos Rodriguez Alfonso (Mar­ dence available at that time to the tacked the PSP and that the full cos) who was convicted in a Ha­ new and disorganized police. facts of the Marcos case were not vana court last month of having Marcos joined the PSP, was being told. caused the death of four revolu­ given a scholarship to study in tionaries by informing on them to Fidel Castro then stepped in Czechoslovakia, and while there with a letter to Bias Roca, head Batista’s police in 1957. The penalty got a job at the Cuban embassy in has been upheld by the Cuban of the old PSP and editor of the Prague. During this time, Marcos Havana newspaper Hoy. Castro Supreme Court. associated with and corresponded The case has caused widespread declared that divisive and false with a leading PSP member, Joa­ rumors were circulating, based on discussion in Cuba because of quin Ordoqui, husband of Edith Marcos’ membership in the Pop­ an inaccurate transcript of the Garcia Buchaca and a present vice- Chomon testimony and on ir­ ular Socialist Party (the old Com­ minister of Cuba’s armed forces. munist Party of Cuba) and be­ responsible reporting. Castro as­ According to testimony by cause of his statement that a lead­ sured Roca that “intriguers, Police Captain Juan Abrahantes, ing figure in that party knew of pseudo-revolutionaries and sectar­ his act of betrayal. The reports in 1961 Marcos was returned to ians of a new stamp” would not Cuba, placed under “ protective ar­ of the trial that appeared in this be allowed to turn the revolution rest,” and subjected to an exhaus­ country were badly garbled and toward “devouring its own chil­ VICTIM. Batista’s guards carrying away one of the wounded tive investigation because he had dren.” some of them — including UPI after the March 13, 1957, student attack on palace. About 40 were developed a number of suspicious and Hearst Headline dispatches — contacts with foreign embassies in Careful Wording killed during the attack. Another four who escaped were killed contained grotesque distortions Prague. In the course of this in­ by police after they were informed on by Marcos Rodriguez and errors in fact. Hoy published Castro’s letter vestigation proof of his involve­ Alfonso who has now be^n sentenced to death by Cuban courts. The m ain elements in the case and the full transcript of Cho­ ment in the Humbolt 7 affair was are as follows: mon’s testimony. The testimony uncovered. When confronted with was actually very carefully word­ one. He appealed for unity and had often run controversial col­ Attacked Batista’s Palace this proof, he confessed, the cap­ ed so as to avoid attacking those said he had always had good rela­ umns on art and movies.) tain testified. On March 13, 1957, the famous associated with the old PSP and tions with Chomon “and the com- Castro said that much of the attack on dictator Fulgencio Ba­ The confession contained attacks it contained many warm com­ paneros in the Directorio.” bouregois propaganda falls on the tista’s presidential palace in Ha­ on the Directorio, implied a polit­ ments about PSPers, and a strong Edith Garcia denied the imputa­ old Communists “and this is unjust vana occurred. It was organized ical motivation for the crime, and appeal for unity. Chomon did not tion against her by Marcos. Or­ and if we don’t combat this we by the Revolutionary Student Di­ said that while he was in Mexico, charge, as has been reported in doqui said his relations with Mar­ are not honest.” - Marcos had told Edith Garcia Bu­ the U.S. press, that Marcos had rectorate Cthe Directorio). cos had been based on Marcos’ He criticized Ordoqui for giving chaca that he was the Humbolt 7 informed the police on orders from The attack was repulsed with record in Mexico, which had been Marcos “entrance or re-entrance” great loss of life among the Direc­ inform er. the PSP, nor did he repeat Mar­ a good one. cos’ imputation against Edith into the PSP in 1959, for allowing torio and Batista’s police began Dorticos testified on the third Sensitive Matter Garcia. him to get a scholarship and a job searching for survivors. On April day, describing the confrontation in the embassy, all after it was 20, 1957 the police, acting on a Because of its sensitive nature, Chomon did, however, read from mentioned above. known that Marcos was under sus­ tip from an informer, killed four the investigators turned the con­ a letter which had been sent by On the fourth day, Fidel Castro picion by the Directorio. If Or­ fession over to Prime Minister students hiding in an apartment Marcos to Joaquin Ordoqui around testified for four hours, going over doqui had acted correctly, he said, at Humbolt 7, Havana. The four Fidel Castro. Castro testified that September, 1962. In this letter, virtually every aspect of the case. “ this wouldn’t have happened.” he received it while busy prepar­ Marcos appeals for help in get­ were Fructuoso Rodriguez, Juan He said it was a mistake for In conclusion Castro said the rev­ Pedro Carbo Servia, Jose Machado ing for his first trip to the Soviet ting out of jail. He says he was Chomon to turn the trial into a Union in April, 1963. He decided in the Directorio between 1955 and olution must avoid the “law of Rodriguez and Joe Westbrook. political affair. But, he said, “it Saturn” [a Roman god who swal­ This was the crime for which to hold it until he could handle 1957 providing information to the was correct for companero Chomon the sensitive matters involved PSP. In the letter Marcos says he lowed his own children]. He said Marcos went on trial last month. to have desired answers to many this would be one of the revolu­ One of those called to testify was “with utmost correctness.” Castro is being persecuted because of this questions that he felt needed an­ testified he told only two other and that “the difference must be tion’s most difficult problems and the present Transport Minister, swering. I say this is right. But would take a great deal of disci­ persons of its contents: President clearly established between a man Faure Chomon, a survivor of the I say that it was an error to throw pline. palace attack, a friend of the four Dorticos and Armed Forces Min­ who gathers information for his this question into the trial, and ister Raul Castro. party and a man who gathers in­ “We must concentrate on creat­ dead youths, and a leader of the that the normal and adequate place ing this tradition,” he said, “that formation for the police.” Directorio. The Directorio, Fidel There the matter lay for almost where these things should be dis­ no one shall abuse power, that no Castro’s July 26 Movement, and a year until Joaquin Ordoqui ap­ In the letter Marcos also bitterly cussed is in the leadership of the one shall be abused by power, and the PSP are the three organiza­ pealed to President Dorticos to do attacks the Directorio for having party.” that revolutionaries w ill always be tions which merged into the lead­ something about the fact that Mar­ the wrong political line and for Fidel read large excerpts from secure . . . that always, always, ership of the revolutionary gov­ cos had been in custody so long being “opposed to unity.” Chomon the letter of Marcos to Ordoqui, justice be exercised, and that ernment after the fall of Batista. without a trial. A violation of said that he brought up the letter which he characterized as a never, never will it have to be The three groups have dissolved socialist legality was involved, to serve as a lesson on the kind of “blackmail letter.” He criticized said that one single revolutionary themselves into the United Rev­ Ordoqui felt. Dorticos said he then thinking that creates a man who Ordoqui for having held it for was unjustily injured, that one olutionary Socialist Party (PURS). felt the matter could no longer be could do what Marcos did. He almost a year before bringing it single innocent person was shot, left pending, but that Ordoqui and characterized Marcos as “ the fruit to the PURS leadership. Narrow ed Down Suspects that one single child of the rev­ Edith Garcia Buchaca would have of sectarianism.” Castro criticized the reporting olution was devoured.” Chomon testified that after the to be told about the imputation on the trial in the newspaper Special Meaning Humbolt 7 killings the Directorio against her before Marcos could Revolucion, formerly the official leaders, who knew all those aware be brought to trial. Castro agreed In Cuba this word has come to organ of the old July 26 Move­ of the hiding place, analyzed the and Ordoqui and Edith Garcia have the special meaning of un­ ment. The reporting had implied facts and narrowed the suspicion were informed. principled factionalism since it heavy criticism of the old PSP. MUST READING of who informed down to two per­ Both were indignant against the was used by Fidel Castro in a Castro said “There are times sons, Marcos and a Perez Cowley. imputation against Edith Garcia March, 1962 speech denouncing when there are good journalists Marcos, meanwhile, had left Cu­ and she demanded a confrontation the “sectarianism and bureaucra­ who are better journalists than ba and ended up in Mexico where with Marcos, which was arranged. cy” of an old PSPer, Anibal Esca­ they are revolutionaries” He said he was active in the anti-Batista Present at this event were Dor­ lante. Anibal had used his post as he didn’t want to cause anyone exile circles. He associated there ticos and leaders from all three secretary of the unified revolution­ to lose his job, but he sharply w ith PSP members including an former groups, the Directorio, the ary organization to favor persons criticized the columnist Casiliz, The Road old-time leader, Edith Garcia Bu- July 26 and the PSP. Marcos of his own political background. whose column in Revolucion is chaca who is now General Secre­ changed his story and said he The first trial ended with the entitled “Siquitrilla.” He said the tary of the National Council of hadn’t told Edith Garcia about his conviction of Marcos who was sen­ Siquitrilla column on the trial had To Revolution Culture in Cuba. crime. Dorticos testified that all tenced to death. A review trial been “irresponsible” and that “to After the revolution triumphed present at this confrontation, in­ was held in the Supreme Court start a fight among revolution­ in January 1959, Marcos returned cluding Faure Chomon, agreed that beginning March 23. aries is much graver than to start In Latin America ■with the other exiles to Cuba. the imputation against Edith was Chomon testified on the first one among artists.” (Siquitrilla Chomon testified that the Direc- false. day, saying he regretted that his testimony at the first trial had NEW YORK NEW YORK given anyone a handle to spread divisive rumors. He said he was Fidel Castro BY FIDEL CASTRO concerned that Marcos had been MEETING TO GRANT given a scholarship and a respon­ NEW YORK sible post even after he was un­ Denounces der heavy suspicion, and that this Complete text of major policy CITIZENS' FULL PARDON was a mistake. He also said it must be clear that “the attack against Bureaucracy speech delivered on tenth an­ for MORTON SOBELL sectarianism will not go against the old Communist militants,” but niversary of the historic July 26 against “phonies and pseudo-rev­ And Sectarianism COOPER UNION • Great Hall olutionaries.” attack on Fort Moncada. March 26 speech assailing Anibal Astor Place, New York City Those testifying on the second day of the appeal trial included Escalante and others for converting the Integrated Revolutionary Organ­ Carlos Rafael Rodriguez, head of SO cents THURSDAY, APRIL 23 8 to 10:30 P.M. the Agrarian Reform Institute and izations into "a yolca, a straitjacket." a top leader of the old PSP; Edith Admission by one FULL PARDON PETITION with six signatures, Garcia Buchaca; Joaquin Ordoqui; 40 pp. — 35c or contribution of $1 Caesar Escalante, who is Anibal’s PIONEER PUBLISHERS brother; and others. Carlos Rafael SOBELL COMM ITTEE Rodriguez said he regretted that PIONEER PUBLISHERS 116 University Place the trial had been twisted into a 940 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10010 116 University Place N ew Y o rk 3, N. Y . “political trial” and that the rec­ For full information on Sobell case please write or phone. ord of those who had come out of New York 3, N. Y. the old PSP was an honorable Monday, A pril 20, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Seven

cX sttsM T’hom O j u a (R & a d s iM

[This column is an open forum icanism” that it was almost pain­ The SWP Platform sary predecessor to the Union our basically common cause seems ful to hear, though much of it Army that saved the Republic dur­ doomed to failure. for all viewpoints on subjects of New York, N. Y. general interest to our readers. rang true. I was reminded of a ing its second revolution. F.A. It certainly must be said that George Payne Please keep your letters under statement by Fidel Castro: High Cost of Electioneering 400 words. Writers’ in itia ls w ill be “They married us to a false­ the Socialist Workers Party 1964 [The Socialist Workers election used, names being withheld unless hood and we were forced to live Election Platform is the finest platform is available in pamphlet Rutland, Vt. authorization is given Jor use.] w ith it. T hat’s w hy it seems the political program that any citizen form and may be ordered in bulk "The Commonwealth” of Sas­ earth is sinking when we hear could hope to come across, though at three cents a copy from the katchewan reminds me that to Malcolm X Speech the truth ... As though it weren’t I w ill say that I was a trifle dis­ SWP, 116 University Place, New establish a greater degree of equal­ ity in electoral contests we need New Y ork, N. Y. better to see the earth sink than appointed that American Indians Y ork 3, N. Y .] not only laws limiting campaign I th in k Malcolm X ’s speech at to live with falsehood.” were not specifically mentioned in expenditures, but we also need the Militant Labor Forum must F.H. it and were covered merely in the Enthusiastic Fan provisions whereby certain basic have proved a disturbing experi­ New Reader reference to “all other minority West Orange, N. J. groups,” as printed in The M ili­ election expenditures w ill be paid ence for some of the liberal whites Englewood, N. J. I start off with a complaint, by the state. there. What he said so bluntly tant of April 6. Here is my subscription for one w hich perhaps m ight better be Under the inordinate election challenged the dogmas of “Amer- year, $3. Found out about you at I imagine there are a lot of directed to the Post Office: my costs requirement now, the coun­ Ihe Militant Labor Forum at Palm people who agree with the SWP M ilita n t reaches me as late as one try will be run not for the cit­ Gardens. program but nevertheless do noth­ week after the cover date. Other izens, but for the special groups. 10 YEARS AGO T.M. ing to see that it is realized, think­ subscribers in the metropolitan The legislative bodies in which ing that they must “look out for area may have the same trouble, U.S. Role in Latin America the rich, or their spokesmen, Number One.” The tragedy of this with the result that announce­ predominate w ill reject social and IN THE MILITANT Southampton, N. Y. is that such people are thereby ments, notices, etc., reach them economic measures that aren’t It is time that we looked se­ acting against their own interests. too late to be taken advantage of. needed by the rich but are needed “By the time you read this, riously at the situation in Chile The entire power of the ruling Nevertheless The Militant is by other Americans — like the American troops may be killing where, according to all reports, a class rests upon their ability to certainly worth waiting for. Spark- tens of millions now acknowledged and dying once more in Asia. Wall Socialist, or at least a left leaning make “good men do nothing,” and ingly written (unlike the drab to be living in poverty. Street’s government is whipping government is about to be “elect­ when that ability is shaken just dullness or phony excitement of Costs of electioneering have up sentiment for direct U.S. m ili­ ed” next fall. a little bit, by even just one per­ most of our press), its wit and gone up enormously. Raising the tary intervention against the Indo- If we can learn anything from son overcoming his fears and join­ candor and erudtion lift the reader money for even a token campaign Chinese people, who have fought the recent debacle in Brazil it ing in to work for a socialist onto a plane where ‘truth is beauty is no easy matter for a party re­ heroically for eight years for in­ must be that the United States world, then the ruling class has and beauty, truth,’ where other lying on the contributions of dependence from French impe­ w ill never allow a Socialist gov­ been weakened, physically weak­ journals all too often leave us working people. Business corpora­ rialism . ernment in Chile. Or anywhere ened, to a certain extent, and we wallowing in the gutterfilth of tions and wealthy individuals are “ ‘The showdown may come else in Latin America for that mat­ are that much closer to our goal. the tripe they grind out for their free to empty their coffers into within a week,’ warned the ter. Though the road may seem dif­ profit, rather than for every­ the election campaign chests of Scripps-Howard Washington staff Unless the people in this coun­ ficult, we must keep in mind that body’s. the old parties. on April 10. It reports the Eisen­ try respond in number, we can tremendous forces of history are Not that I personally always No average individual, no mat­ hower regime is committed to look for another right wing coup on our side, though at the same agree 100 per cent with what you ter how well qualified otherwise, saving Indo-China at a ll costs. that will deprive the people of time, the vanguard role of a party say; there would be something is able to compete in this kind of Similarly, the March 31 Wall Chile of this democratic opportu­ like the SWP is necessary in order wrong were that the case. D iffe r­ race. The modern Abe Lincolns are Street Journal states ominously nity, as the people of Brazil are to le t the seeds of those historic ences stim ulate action, and it is out of the running for that rea­ that Indo-China will not be al­ being deprived today. forces grow and flourish, just as only through action that real pro­ son. lowed to fall into Communist Simon Bolivar said, “The Unit­ the Sons of Liberty were neces­ gress is possible. Millionaires, as a general rule, hands — whatever the cost. It ed States seems destined by P ro vi­ sary to pave the way for the Con­ Finally, I would like to echo think and act like millionaires and adds: ‘If the cost is no longer a dence to plague America with tinental Army that secured the RMW of Detroit in urging a un­ are more apt to legislate in the factor, there is no stopping place.’ miseries in the name of liberty.” founding of our Republic and as ion of the truly liberal, peace-and- interest of th e ir own class. “No stopping place! That can In the name of true liberty, let the Abolitionists were a neces­ freedom-seeking left. Without it, I.H.R. mean only one thing — another us all act now to oppose any fur­ Korea. It means more hundreds ther interventions by the U.S. in of thousands of casualties, broken the domestic affairs of Latin homes, grief for American fam­ America. For these interventions ilies. It means millions of Indo- endanger not only the liberty of It Was Reported in the Press Chinese men, women, and chil­ Brazilians and Chileans, but also our own liberty as Americans. dren burned to death with napalm On the Intelligence Front — A are 13 to 18 generals and ap­ other 15 per cent said they were bombs and blasted to bits by U.S. J.L. House subcommittee probing in­ proximately 300 colonels needed cutting down. ‘strategic bombing’ and another discriminate use of lie detectors fo r 15,000 men?” Indiana Mine Walkout Disgusted — Rep. E verett G. country wrecked from end to end by government agencies learned Bloomington, Indiana Burkhalter, California Democrat, as Korea was. that the Pentagon had been plan­ Death of a Salesman — Nearly I’ve read with interest the is calling it quits after one term “This country has actually been ning to use a Japanese gadget half the salesmen hired last year stories about the wildcat strike by in the House, largely on the basis warring against Indo-Chinese in­ which was intended by the man­ by 503 companies won’t be on the United Mine Workers members. of his disgust with the seniority dependence from the start — ufacturer as a parlor game. The payrolls of those companies by the The same development is taking system that prevails in Congress. since the end of World War II in pocket-sized gadget, sold in a box end of this year, according to es­ place here in Indiana, where the He characterized the system of es­ 1945. Up to now, Wall Street im­ marked “ transistor lie detector — timates by the companies. miners have also begun to go out. tablishing control of key commit­ perialism has been content to let Does she or doesn’t she,” was to The Militant has had a lot of Join ’Em and Lick ’Em — The tees on the basis of seniority as the French people do the bleed­ be used by the Army’s “counter­ coverage about the strike of the Committee for Racial Reconcilia­ “obsolete, antiquated.” Of the Con­ ing and the dying ...” — A p ril insurgency” forces to ferret out miners in Hazard, Kentucky; it tion, a Princeton campus group of gressmen themselves, Burkhalter, 19, 1954 . suspected Viet Cong agents in seems that the Hazard strike must 20 that is seeking to make racism who is 67, declared: “A lot of these South Vietnam. 20 YEARS AGO have been the starting point for intellectually respectable, was old men are living in their dotage.” this, much larger and more signi­ The Bright Side — We’re a little flooded with 200 new members In Defense of Poverty — A n "Although the Supreme Court ficant, action. late in passing on the tip but last when it held elections. The 200 April 9 AP dispatch from Wash­ decision to outlaw the lily-white It confirms the prediction made Feb. 10, the Walston Market Let­ elected a Negro student vice presi­ ington reported: “The United primary in Texas was hailed by the leaders of the Hazard ter offered this cheery bit of stock dent. A sophomore from Wake­ States Chamber of Commerce is throughout the Negro and liberal miners: that the conditions in market intelligence: “Aerospace field, Va., who is president of the planning a counter-offensive to press as a great triumph for dem­ Kentucky and in the Appalachians stocks continued to firm up on club, said he plans a new segrega­ President Johnson’s war on pov­ ocracy we are being neither over­ are only a prediction of what is Friday because there are about 15 tion group. He didn’t say when it erty.” Commented a Chamber ly pessimistic nor narrowly cyn­ to come to the rest of the work­ ‘trouble spots’ around the world w ill hold elections. spokesman: “This is a business is­ ing people in this country. ical when we declare that the and the recent ‘peace scare’ has For the Public — Madison Ave­ sue, not ju st a w elfare issue.” \ The thing that is amazing, how­ largely evaporated.” Negroes in Texas w ill not benefit nue is still grinding out advertis­ Morality Note — The West Ger­ fro m this decision to any meas- ever, is the abstention of the un­ ion bureaucracy. They identify America the Beautiful — The ing to keep the public smoking but man government, which has been ureable degree . . . Wall Street Journal reports: “War a Printer’s Ink survey showed that in the news recently with its “ In this case [the ru lin g class] more w ith the bosses than w ith the men who pay the dues which games played by youngsters with 35 per cent of the ad men inter­ awards to Nazi war criminals, has has granted us the right to vote keep them fa t and sassy. The men toy cannons and bazookas threaten viewed who were smokers said just decreed that girls under 21 in an election where none of the who “lead” the AFL-CIO (follow to get even more realistic. A toy they had given up the habit. An­ may not work as strippers. candidates w ill want to or be able maker offers medic’s kits that in­ to better our condition in any the bosses w ould be a better de­ scription) have deserted the civil clude simulated blood-soaked practical way. rights struggle of the Negro peo­ bandages and stick-on plastic bat­ “That is because neither the tle wounds.” Democratic nor the Republican ple and even the demands of their own rank and file. When the parties represent the interests of Plenty of Brass — In a newslet­ working people realize that the SPECIAL $1 INTRODUCTORY OFFER the working class of people which ter to his Ohio constituents, Sena­ two desertions are of the same includes the great majority of Ne­ tor Stephen Young makes this origin, then the next steps w ill be To reach the widest audience with our groes not only in Texas but point: “A ll Americans are entitled obvious too. coverage of the Freedom Now Movement throughout the country. Any to know how many generals and R.L. nominee of the Democratic party colonels we have in Vietnam — we are offering a 4-month introductory w ill have to serve the interests Good Wishes the figures w ill be shocking. Un­ subscription to The M ilitant for $1. of the Ruling capitalist class. This Houston, Minn. fortunately, many Americans have class exists by its parasitic ex­ The Militant rates among the been killed in combat in Vietnam, ploitation of the laboring man and tops of all the good liberal mag­ where it is the claim of the Sec­ Name is therefore the irreconcilable azines we subscribe to. Continued retary of Defense that our officers enemy of the masses of Negroes. good wishes to you! and soldiers are there for training “ Only a genuinely independent J.C.R. and logistic support only. Why then S tre e t Zone candidate of organized labor would be in a position to work for our interests. Putting your Thought for the Week C ity State vote in the capitalist ballot box “ There now is nearly six times as much pollution in our rivers, accomplishes about as much as streams and lakes as 60 years ago and the amount is .still increasing. Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, sticking it in a hollow log ...” — Every year, more than 500 new chemicals and chemical compounds Charles Jackson’s column, “The are introduced into industry ...” — Dr. Luther L. Terry, surgeon New York 3, N. Y. Negro Struggle,” A p ril 22, 1944. general of the U.S. Public Health Service. Page Eight t h e MILITANT Monday, April 20, 1964 AT MILITANT LABOR FORUM Denver Spanish-Americans Malcolm X Details Black Nationalist Views Demand Cops Halt Brutality By David Herman Malcolm X answered by con­ trasting the attitude of this arro­ NEW YORK — An audience o£ gant white with that of the chair­ nearly 600 heard Malcolm X man of the meeting, Richard Gar­ speak on “Black Revolution” at za. an April 8 meeting at Palm Gar­ dens under the auspices of the “Your attitude right now,” he Militant Labor Forum. admonished the man in the audi­ He was well received by the ence, “is the type of attitude that Negroes who comprised about a makes Uncle Sam a hated coun­ quarter of the audience, and by try. You reflect the collective at­ most of the whites, as he out­ titude of the American whites.” lined his views on Black Nation­ Pointing to the chairman, he alism. (See announcement, page 1) continued: “He doesn’t reflect the Some white liberals, however, collective attitude. He reflects the were visibly disturbed by his unique attitude. He’s quiet. He’s scathing indictment of the role listening. He’s taking it all in. of liberalism in the Negro strug­ He’s analysing it. And when he gle and his insistence on an all­ stands up to speak, he’s going to black leadership for the Negro speak in a much more intelligent manner than you, and will win movement. A lively point in the discussion more friends than you . . . period was a heated exchange “I’m not saying this to jive him between Malcolm X and James or pat him on the back. I think Wechsler, liberal editorial column­ you know me better than that. ist for the New Y ork Post. Wechs­ M alcolm X If I say positive things about him, ler sought to bolster the press I mean it. propaganda smear that Malcolm “He w ill probably get some of Militant photo by A.T. Negroes are going to applaud the X Is a “hate-monger.” you saved, but you’ll get most of contributions of individual whites SIT-IN. Women from Denver’s Spanish-American community you killed.” Open M inds to the Negro struggle. stage sit-in at Mayor’s office to protest killing of youth by cop. “I didn’t put him under the Police violence against Spanish Americans has mounted steadily This charge was not substan­ NEW YORK, April 13 — Mal­ bulldozer,” he declared, “Uncle in the city. Denver’s “finest” are also known for -the widespread tiated for those who came to learn colm X announced last night that Sam put him under the bulldozer. corruption in their ranks. what Malcolm X really stands The Supreme Court put him un­ he was leaving for Africa next for and who listened to him with der the bulldozer.” week to spend three weeks there an open mind. A number of such telling everyone who will listen By Allen Taplin type against Spanish-Americans in young people later indicated that Wechsler sought unsuccessfully the past week. She promised that about the condition of black men DENVER, Colo., April 10 — the meeting had given them a to continue the debate and ap­ in this country and finding out Twenty Spanish-American women more demonstrations will follow completely different conception of parently finished what he had to how the Africans feel about the wearing black lace mantillas and if the mayor doesn’t put a stop Black Nationalism than they had say in a column in the April 13 Afro-Americans. carrying placards protesting brut­ to this cop violence. gotten from the news media. New York Post devoted to the Gloria Richardson, leader of the ality by the Denver Police Depart­ City Hall Unresponsive Malcolm X, in turn, welcomed meeting in which he took an ex­ Cambridge, Maryland movement, ment staged a two hour sit-in in the oportunity to address the ceedingly dim view of Malcolm X The past weeks’ events have shared the platform with Malcolm Mayor Tom Currigan’s office to­ meeting and also commended The and the Militant Labor Forum. shown the police and city admin- X and Jesse Gray, H arlem rent day. M ilita n t. In his closing remarks, strike leader. instration to be completely un­ Likes FN P The sit-in followed picketing of he said: Both Gloria Richardson and responsive to widespread public the Denver City-County Building “I want to thank the Militant In response to a question about Malcolm X supported the call of protest over the clubbing to death Labor Forum for the invitation the Freedom Now Party, Malcolm Brooklyn CORE for a “stall-in” and was called to protest continu­ of Alfred Salazar one month ago ing “shooting,” “clubbing” and to speak here this evening. I think X answered that he didn’t know at the roads leading to the world’s by an off-duty policeman who was as I said earlier, the paper is one too much about it, but “what I fair on its opening day. Both em­ “jail-cell torture” of Spanish- moonlighting at a tavern. This is of the best I’ve read. We always know about it I like.” phasized the need for individual Americans here. the same police force that was encourage those in Harlem to buy During his presentation, Mal­ initiative and the need for every Signs carried by the women, condemned in 1954 by the U.S. it when we see it up there, or colm X denounced the Democratic individual to take on himself the many of them mothers with chil­ Supreme Court for a gross viola­ where ever else we may see it. party. “Any Negro who registers responsibility of carrying on the dren, bore the slogans, “Mayor tion of the rights of a Spanish- It’s a very good paper, and I hope as a Democrat or a Republican is struggle for freedom. Currigan — What Happened to American youth and its third they continue to have success — a traitor to his own people,” he Your Promise of an Independent degree method of gaining con­ make progress. They can probably said in answer to a question. Africans Kidnapped Police Review Board?” “Save Our fessions. straighten out a lot of white peo­ Another questioner asked him Malcolm X devoted the last of Sons from Trigger-Happy Police­ Bystanders at the demonstra­ ple. L e t us straighten out the about the importance of Marxism. the current series of Sunday night men,” “No Confidence in Police tion said they wouldn’t be sur­ black people.” “I don’t know too much about rallies to telling how the civilized Investigation of Fellow Police­ prised if some cops were to “get Karl Marx,” he answered. But Africans were kidnapped, sys­ men,” “Protection from Criminals, it” some night in the Spanish- A Rude Liberal / ( he indicated an understanding of tematically de-humanized to the Not Policemen” and “Stop Cop American section of town. During the question period, he the key role of economic issues point where their w ill to resist was Violence.” Widespread sentiment has de­ proved deft and firm in straight­ with a concise explanation of the destroyed and then brought to this The demonstration followed the veloped fo r a mass march on the ening out those whites who in­ shrinking world market for Amer­ country to be slaves. shooting two days ago of 20-year- City-County Building to protest vited it. The exchange with ican goods and its effect on the He said that any strategy used old Peter Gomez. Gomez’ condi­ police brutality. Even the more Wechsler, for example, began American economy. by any group that exposed the tion was listed as “critical” after cautious Spanish-American lead­ when the liberal journalist tried At several points in the question situation of the black man in this he was shot in the stomach by ers, who were instrum ental in to take the floor without being period Malcolm X talked about country before the world was a Patrolman J. Robert Stone. getting the mayor elected, are now recognized. Malcolm X firm ly in­ what whites can do. good strategy. Stone’s story is that Gomez was talking about the need to take sisted that he be seated, observ­ “The whites can help if they’re Gloria Richardson opened her pointed out on the street by a their protest into the streets. ing, “you’re being rude. You’re progressive-minded,” he said, “ but remarks by saying that Brother man who claimed Gomez had tried proving my point” about white my observation and analysis of Malcolm had added a necessary to climb into his car. On the basis liberalism. the type of help that they’ve been and vital spark to the struggle. of this story Patrolman Stone drew Dick Gregory on Tour He called on several other ques­ giving makes me very cautious She advocated controlled self- his gun and accosted Gomez, who tioners and then turned back and about the help they offer . . . defense as a barrier to violence. then, Stone said, ran into the For Benefit of SNCC offered the floor to Wechsler. In Through the tactic of controlled street, turned, and put his hand a completely hostile vein, Wechs­ Two Standards? self-defense we may be able to in his jacket as though to draw ATLANTA, Ga. — Comedian ler demanded to know if Mal­ “No white person would go avert a civil war, she said. a gun. Dick Gregory began a 26-city colm X intended to pay tribute to about fighting for freedom in the Independent political action as Stone shot him down. Police benefit concert tour for the Stu­ Rev. Bruce Klunder, the white same manner that he has helped advocated by Malcolm X and the later said a search showed Gomez dent Nonviolent Coordinating minister who died under a bull­ you and me fight for our freedom Freedom Now Party was the sec­ was unarmed. Witnesses claim that Committee (SNCC) with an April dozer in a Cleveland civil rights — none of them would. When it ond line of self-defense, she said. Gomez was shot from a distance of 19 appearance in Boston, Massa­ demonstration. comes to black freedom, then the Jesse G ray spoke b rie fly, em­ three feet. chusetts. ' Countering Wechsler’s effort to white man — he freedom rides phasizing the need to raise con­ The famed comedian, who has exploit Rev. Klunder’s death as and sits-in. He’s non-violent. He crete demands when carrying out Family Joined In been jailed eight times in racial a polemical point against Black sings “We Shall Overcome” and any protest action. Gomez’ mother and three sisters demonstrations, w ill travel from Nationalism, Malcolm X replied all that sort of stuff. But when The next rally w ill be held in participated in the demonstration. Massachusetts to California to Ore­ that the time is long past when the property of the white man about four weeks when Malcolm After refusing for two hours to gon seeking financial support for is threatened or his freedom is X returns from Africa. see the women, Mayor Currigan the student anti-segration group. threatened, he’s not non-violent.” yielded to their determination to Appearing on the tour with “So if the whites are sincere in DETROIT, April 13 — Malcolm “sit in the office all night if nec­ Gregory w ill be SNCC’s Freedom Dick Gregory Hails the struggle, they will show the X drew repeated rounds of ap­ essary.” Singers, five young men who sing black man how to use better plause from an appreciative au­ The mayor promised to “in­ the songs of the Southern p ro­ Malcolm X's Stand tactics, tactics that w ill get results' dience of nearly 2,000 Negroes vestigate” their specific accusa­ test movement. Dick Gregory has hailed Mal­ — and not results a hundred years here last night. He spoke at a tions. He rejected “ wholesale” con­ Gregory’s participation in the colm X ’s new role in the Freedom from now. rally sponsored by the Group on demnations of the police. “I am integration drive has cost him Now struggle as a development “Our people are not going to Advanced Leadership (GOAL) at not going to prejudge any of these “ more than $100,000” in canceled of the highest moment. He pre­ wait ten years,” he said. the King Solomon Baptist Church. cases u n til I know the facts, and engagements. More than one-half dicted that Malcolm X would play “ If this house is a house of free­ He warned that the Negro peo­ I don’t think you should either,” of his earnings have been spent in a leading role in the Negro re­ dom and justice for all — if that’s ple must make a revolution if he told the women. the equal rights movement. volt, according to a report in the what it is — then let’s have it.” they were to win their freedom He was answered by Mrs. Mary His participation in the protest A p ril 2 C alifornia Eagle. Toward the end of the question now. He explained that there had Chavez, “Our boys are getting movement dates back to his high Gregory saw Malcolm X ’s pol­ period an elderly white man in­ been no bloodless revolutions pre­ killed . . . Our boys are getting school days where he led a march icy of participating in the activi­ sisted on a chance to answer Mal­ viously, but suggested that Amer­ maimed . . . Our boys are getting on the St. Louis Board of Educa­ ties of the civil rights movement colm X. Given the floor, he pro­ ica could heed the demands of mashed in the head.” tion protesting the exclusion of as a solid gain for the struggle. ceeded to lecture Malcolm X on the Negroes in 1964 and have a A spokesman for the group, Negro high school records from He expressed great respect for what was wrong with his views, bloodless revolution for the first Helen Lucero, said that the Gomez the city’s official sports record Malcolm X ’s capacities as a leader. and called him “bloodthirsty.” time. shooting was the th ird case of its books.