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AHMED AGUNG FAISAL-070910101106.Pdf Digital Repository Universitas Jember KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH CHINA DALAM INDUSTRI GAME TAHUN 2000-2014 CHINA’S GAMING INDUSTRY POLICIES IN 2000 - 2014 SKRIPSI diajukan guna melengkapi tugas akhir dan memenuhi satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional (S1) dan mencapai gelar Sarjana Sosial Oleh AHMED AGUNG FAISAL NIM 070910101106 JURUSAN ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2015 Digital Repository Universitas Jember KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH CHINA DALAM INDUSTRI GAME TAHUN 2000-2014 CHINA’S GAMING INDUSTRY POLICIES IN 2000 - 2014 SKRIPSI Oleh AHMED AGUNG FAISAL NIM 070910101106 JURUSAN ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS JEMBER 2015 Digital Repository Universitas Jember PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini saya persembahkan untuk : 1. Ayahanda dan Ibunda yang telah mengajarkan kedisiplinan, tanggung jawab dan ketabahan. Terima kasih atas doa dan perhatiannya setiap waktu; 2. Adikku yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan saran serta memberikan kesadaran pada diriku atas tanggung jawab dan kemandirian sebagai seorang kakak; 3. Guru-guruku sejak Taman Kanak-kanak hingga perguruan tinggi atas semua sumbangan ilmu dan pembelajaran sikap selama ini; 4. Almamater Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember; 5. Rekan-rekan mahasiswa FISIP Universitas Jember; 6. Teman-teman sesama gamer di Indonesia dan seluruh penjuru dunia; 7. Praktisi dalam industri game baik kawasan Indonesia maupun global; 8. Nusa dan Bangsa. ii Digital Repository Universitas Jember MOTTO Sesungguhnya bersama dengan kesulitan itu ada kemudahan. (terjemahan Surat Alam Nasyrah ayat 6) Mahmud asy-Syafrowi.2010. Inna Ma‟al „Usri Yusra. Yogyakarta : Mutiara Media iii Digital Repository Universitas Jember PERNYATAAN Saya yang bertanda tangan dibawah ini ; Nama : Ahmed Agung Faisal NIM : 070910101106 menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa karya ilmiah yang berjudul ”KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH CHINA DALAM INDUSTRI GAME TAHUN 2000-2014” adalah benar-benar hasil karya sendiri, kecuali kutipan yang sudah saya sebutkan sumbernya, belum pernah diajukan pada institusi manapun, dan bukan karya jiplakan. Saya bertanggung jawab atas keabsahan dan kebenaran isinya sesuai dengan sikap ilmiah yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya, tanpa ada tekanan dan paksaan dari pihak manapun serta bersedia mendapat sanksi akademik jika ternyata di kemudian hari pernyataan ini tidak benar. Jember, 11 Desember 2014 Yang menyatakan, Ahmed Agung Faisal NIM 070910101106 iv Digital Repository Universitas Jember SKRIPSI KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH CHINA DALAM INDUSTRI GAME TAHUN 2000-2014 Oleh Ahmed Agung Faisal NIM 070910101106 Pembimbing: Dosen Pembimbing I : Drs. Supriyadi, M.Si Dosen Pembimbing II : Honest Dody Molasy S.Sos, MA v Digital Repository Universitas Jember PENGESAHAN Skripsi berjudul “Kebijakan Pemerintah China Dalam Industri Game Tahun 2000-2014” telah diuji dan disahkan pada : hari : Senin tanggal : 27 April 2015 pukul : 11.00 WIB tempat : Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember Tim Penguji: Ketua, Drs. Alfan Jamil, M.Si NIP 195004081976031001 Sekretaris I Sekretaris II Drs. Supriyadi, M.Si Honest Dody Molasy, S.Sos, MA NIP 195803171985031003 NIP 197611122003121002 Anggota I Drs. Pra Adi Sulistiyono, M.Si NIP 196105151988021001 Mengesahkan, Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jember Prof. Dr. Hary Yuswadi, MA NIP 195207271981031003 vi Digital Repository Universitas Jember RINGKASAN Kebijakan Pemerintah China Dalam Industri Game Tahun 2000-2014; Ahmed Agung Faisal,070910101106; 2015; 112 halaman; Jurusan Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik; Universitas Jember. Industri game telah menjadi sebuah industri yang potensial dalam era digital seperti sekarang ini. Beberapa negara berusaha mengembangkan industri game demi mendapatkan keuntungan devisa dan juga pengaruh lain diluar keuntungan finansial. China sebagai negara dengan potensi sumber daya manusia yang besar juga berusaha mengembangkan potensi industri game di negaranya. China sebelum tahun 2000 merupakan negara yang tertinggal dalam perkembangan industri game dan cenderung hanya menjadi importer produk- produk game dari negara lain seperti Jepang, Amerika Serikat dan Korea Selatan. Penetapan beberapa peraturan melalui lembaga pemerintah seperti General Administration of Press and Publication (GAPP), Ministry of Culture (MOC), dan Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) membuat China mampu mengembangkan industri game nasional dan menjadi sebuah negara yang sukses di bidang industri game. Melalui penelitian ini, penulis berusaha menunjukkan kesuksesan sebuah negara dalam membangun sebuah industri kreatif melalui peran aktif dari pemerintah. Pemerintah merupakan aktor penting mampu menjadi motor penggerak pembangunan suatu bangsa. Pemerintah mempunyai wewenang untuk menetapkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang dibutuhkan untuk melindungi kepentingan nasional demi kesejahteraan bangsa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan penerapan metode deskriptif-analitik untuk mengkaji peran pemerintah China dalam proses membangun industri game di negaranya. Dengan menggunakan data-data sekunder hasil library research, penulis melakukan analisa atas beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan industri game di China. vii Digital Repository Universitas Jember Negara, dalam pandangan merkantilisme memiliki peran utama dalam meraih kepentingan nasional berupa kenaikan pendapatan nasional, pertumbuhan ekonomi dan stabilitas sosial melalui pembangunan ekonomi. Usaha tersebut dicapai oleh China dengan melakukan pengembangan industri kreatif yang dipandang sebagai salah satu cara yang potensial demi mendapatkan kekuatan ekonomi. Berkaitan dengan sektor industri game pemerintah cenderung melakukan tindakan yang restriktif untuk melindungi perusahaan dalam negeri. Peraturan pelarangan impor konsol pada tahun 2000 membuka jalan bagi perkembangan industri game online untuk komputer di China. Dengan ditetapkannya beberapa peraturan lain seperti penerapan beberapa kebijakan yang cenderung restriktif atas perusahaan dan produk game asing dan pemberian subsidi untuk perusahaan game lokal, industri game di China terus berkembang dari tahun ke tahun. Pemerintah sebagai salah satu aktor utama dalam membangun sebuah industri juga mempunyai kewenangan mencari solusi atas segala efek negatif berkembangnya sebuah industri. Melalui peran aktif pemerintah, industri game China tumbuh secara pesat dan menjadi negara yang diakui produktifitasnya baik di dalam maupun luar negeri. Peran negara dianggap masih penting dalam mengembangkan sektor-sektor potensial yang berguna untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan bangsa. viii Digital Repository Universitas Jember PRAKATA Puji Syukur ke hadirat Allah S.W.T. atas segala rahmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Kebijakan Pemerintah China Dalam Industri Game Tahun 2000-2014”. Skripsi ini disusun unuk memenuhi salah satu syarat menyelesaikan pendidikan strata satu (S1) pada jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Unibersitas Jember. Penyusunan skripsi ini tidak lepas dari bantuan berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis menyampaikan terima kasih kepada: 1. Drs. Supriyadi, M.Si., selaku Dosen Pembimbing I dan Honest Dody Molasy S.Sos, MA., selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah meluangkan waktu, pikiran, dan perhatian dalam penulisan skripsi ini; 2. Drs. Himawan Bayu P. MA., P.hD., selaku Dosen Pembimbing Akademik yang telah membimbing penulis selama menjadi mahasiswa; 3. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional yang telah banyak memberikan arahan dan bekal ilmu pengetahuan; 4. Bapak Sartam yang telah memberi motivasi dan dorongan untuk segera menyelesaikan skripsi ini; 5. seluruh civitas akademika FISIP Universitas Jember; 6. seluruh rekan mahasiswa HI, terima kasih atas dukungan kalian; 7. Lisa C. Hanson dari Nico Partner yang telah memberi sumbangan berupa data, informasi, dan motivasi dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini; 8. rekan-rekanku di Jember yaitu Awal, Firman, Reza, Dana, Purnomo, Bang Joe, Doni, Dira, Madhe, dan semua sahabat yang telah memberi penulis berbagai bantuan selama ini; 9. semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu yang telah memberikan segala bentuk dorongan bagi penulis untuk senantiasa mengusahakan yang terbaik. Penulis menyadari bahwa karya ilmiah ini jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh karena itu segala saran dan kritik akan penulis nantikan sebagai penyempurnaan ix Digital Repository Universitas Jember karya ilmiah di masa yang akan datang. Semoga karya ilmiah ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi semua pihak. Jember, 11 Desember 2014 Penulis x Digital Repository Universitas Jember DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN .......................................................................ii HALAMAN MOTTO .......................................................................................iii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ...........................................................................iv HALAMAN PEMBIMBINGAN ......................................................................v HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ...........................................................................vi RINGKASAN ....................................................................................................vii PRAKATA .........................................................................................................iv DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................xi
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