DOCSLIB.ORG

Nomination of for the UNESCO World Heritage List

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nomination of for the UNESCO World Heritage List Nomination of Surtsey for the UNESCO World Heritage List World for the UNESCO Nomination of Surtsey 2006 January Nomination of SURTSEY for the UNESCO World Heritage List This document has been commissioned by the Icelandic World Heritage Committee on behalf of the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture © 2006 Icelandic Institute of Natural History DIC INS N TI A T L U E T C E I • • O Y F R N O A T T IS U R A L H Nomination of Surtsey for the UNESCO World Heritage List Editors: Snorri Baldursson and Álfheiður Ingadóttir Photo on cover: Torgny Nordin 2003: Surtsey island, aerial view from the south Maps and drawings: Lovísa Ásbjörnsdóttir and Anette Th. Meier 3D interpretation: Þórdís Högnadóttir Photos: Source is given at individual photo Cover and layout: Prentsnið Ltd. Helga Tómasdóttir Printed by: Guðjónó – An environmentally friendly printing house © 2006 Náttúrufræðistofnun Íslands/Icelandic Institute of Natural History Hlemmur 3 – P.O.Box 5320 – 125 Reykjavík – Iceland Recommended citation: Snorri Baldursson and Álfheiður Ingadóttir (eds.) 2006. Nomination of Surtsey for the UNESCO World Heritage List. Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Reykjavík, 120 pages. ISBN 9979-9335-5-0 Nomination of SURTSEY for the UNESCO World Heritage List In the ancient Eddic poem Völuspá, the prophetess describes the birth as well as the fate of life. She tells Odin about the world tree – the ash Yggdrasil – and about life as it was created and has evolved on earth but will in the end be destroyed by fires of the giant Surt, the dark ruler of fire. Upon Ragnarök, the final destruction of the world, Surt will lead the sons of Muspel against the gods. As he enters “burning everything in his path, men plunge to hell and the heavens are split apart”*. Völuspá Völuspá: The Prophecy* 52. vísa Verse 52 Surtur fer sunnan Surt comes from the south með sviga lævi, with his wood-eating fire, skín af sverði sun glints on the sword sól valtíva, of the godly warriors. grjótbjörg gnata, Boulders slam together, en gífur rata, sending trolls tumbling, troða halir helveg, men tread the path to Hell en himinn klofnar. and the heavens cleave. In 1963, when volcanic fires began erupting on the seabed south of Iceland and building up a tephra cone, it was found appropriate that the resulting island should be named Surtsey, a word formed in the normal Icelandic manner of including the possessive form of a person's name in a place name: Surtsey = Surt's island (ey meaning “island” in Icelandic) = the island of Surt, the fire giant. *Völuspá: The Prophecy. The prophecy of the Vikings – the creation of the world. Gudrun 2001. English translation by Bernard Scudder, p. 70. Preface Surtsey is a scientifically unique area. It offers an outstanding example of a virgin, volcanic island that is being actively created and shaped by geological, geomorphological and ecological processes. The present nomination document proposes that the Surtsey Nature Reserve, including the entire Surtsey volcano and the surrounding sea, be recognised through the award of World Heritage Site status, in particular due to its international importance for the natural sciences. It was on 15 November 1963 that Surtsey emerged as a new volcanic island in the picturesque Vestmannaeyjar archipelago. The formation of Surtsey provided the scientific community with a unique opportunity to study the development of an oceanic volcano from its inception on the sea floor to the creation of an island, and then throughout the modification of this newly erected structure by physical and ecological processes. Since its emergence, the island of Surtsey has been strictly protected and human influence restricted to a minimum. Surtsey has thus offered a natural laboratory in geology, geomorphology and ecology which has provided invaluable information on the creation and history of the Earth and its biosphere. Preparations for this nomination have involved local and national authorities and various interested parties. Commissioned by the Icelandic World Heritage Committee, the Icelandic Institute of Natural History has compiled this nomination document with the assistance and advice of many people and institutions. Our vision is that a World Heritage Site status will further the long-term conservation of Surtsey as a pristine nature reserve. Thus we feel it is both a delight and an honour to recommend this nomination to the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO. Ragnheiður Helga Þórarinsdóttir Chair Icelandic World Heritage Committee Steingrímur Hermannsson Jón Gunnar Ottósson Chair Director General Surtsey Research Society Icelandic Institute of Natural History Jóhann Sigurjónsson Davíð Egilsson Director General Director Marine Research Institute Environment and Food Agency Bergur Elías Ágústsson Snorri Baldursson Mayor Project Manager Municipality of Vestmannaeyjar Icelandic Institute of Natural History iii This report has been commissioned by the Icelandic World Heritage Committee on behalf of the Ministry for Education, Science and Culture and the Ministry for the Environment. However, the editors and authors are responsible for all the presented results and conclusions. Project management and editing: Snorri Baldursson and Álfheiður Ingadóttir, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Authors: Sveinn P. Jakobsson, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Borgþór Magnússon, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Erling Ólafsson, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Guðríður Þorvarðardóttir, Environment and Food Agency of Iceland Karl Gunnarsson, Marine Research Institute Snorri Baldursson, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Ævar Petersen, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Contributing authors and advisors: Baldur Bjartmarsson, Icelandic Maritime Administration, Gísli Viggósson, Icelandic Maritime Administration Guðríður Gyða Eyjólfsdóttir, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Haraldur Sigurðsson, University of Rhode Island, USA Hörður Kristinsson, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Reynir Fjalar Reynisson, University of Trondheim, Norway Steingrímur Hermannsson, Surtsey Research Society, Reykjavík Tony Weighell, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, UK Trausti Jónsson, The Icelandic Meteorological Office Maps and graphics: Lovísa Ásbjörnsdóttir and Anette Th. Meier, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Technical assistance: Pálína Héðinsdóttir and Ragnhildur Sigrún Björnsdóttir, Icelandic Institute of Natural History Cover and lay-out: Helga Tómasdóttir, Prentsnið Ltd. Language assistance and translation: Lingua / Norðan Jökuls Drawings (birds and plants): Jón Baldur Hlíðberg 3D interpretation: Þórdís Högnadóttir, University of Iceland Photos: Source is given at individual photo iv Contents 1 Identification of the property ............................................................................................................................. 2 2 Description 2.a Description of property ............................................................................................................................. 5 Iceland – geological overview............................................................................................................... 5 Vestmannaeyjar archipelago................................................................................................................... 7 Surtsey ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9 The climate............................................................................................................................................................ 19 Offshore waves................................................................................................................................................... 20 Terrestrial life ....................................................................................................................................................... 21 Vegetation .............................................................................................................................................................. 26 Birds ............................................................................................................................................................................ 28 Invertebrates ......................................................................................................................................................... 31 Marine life.............................................................................................................................................................. 33 2.b History and development.......................................................................................................................... 39 The Surtsey eruption ...................................................................................................................................... 39 Posteruption history........................................................................................................................................ 46 Future development of Surtsey ............................................................................................................. 50 Influx of terrestrial organisms................................................................................................................. 51 Arrival of marine organisms ...................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diptera) S Novými Poznatky O Identifikaci, Ekologii a Rozšíření Středoevropských Druhů
    MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA Přírodovědecká fakulta Olga KOMZÁKOVÁ Studium fylogeneze evropských rodů čeledi Anthomyiidae (Diptera) s novými poznatky o identifikaci, ekologii a rozšíření středoevropských druhů Dizertační práce Školitel: Prof. RNDr. Rudolf Rozkošný, DrSc. Brno, 2012 Bibliografická identifikace Jméno a příjmení autora: Olga Komzáková Název disertační práce: Studium fylogeneze evropských rodů čeledi Anthomyiidae (Diptera) s novými poznatky o identifikaci, ekologii a rozšíření středoevropských druhů Název disertační práce anglicky: A study on the phylogeny of the European genera of Anthomyiidae (Diptera) with new data on identification, ecology and the distribution of the Central European species Studijní progarm: Biologie Studujní obor (směr), 15001V - Zoologie kombinace oborů: Školitel: Prof. RNDr. Rudolf Rozkošný, DrSc Rok obhajoby: 2012 Klíčová slova: Anthomyiidae, fylogenetická analýza, kladogram, molekulární analýza, fylogram, ovipositor, Botanophila, synekologické analýzy, checklist, rozšíření. Klíčová slova anglicky: Anthomyiidae, phylogenetic analysis, cladogram, molecular analysis, phylogram, ovipositor, Botanophila, synecological analysis, check list, distribution. © Olga Komzáková, Masarykova univerzita, 2012 Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala zejména svému školiteli prof. Rudolfu Rozkošnému za vzorné odborné vedení, obrovskou trpělivost a ochotu. Velký dík patří i Dr. Verneru Michelsenovi, který mi byl nápomocen při determinacích obtížných druhů a při studiu entomologických sbírek v Zoologickém muzeu v Kodani.
    [Show full text]
  • Entomologia Forense Médico-Veterinária Veterinary
    RCPV (2014) 109 (591-592) 62-69 Entomologia Forense Médico-Veterinária Veterinary Medical Forensic Entomology Maria T. Rebelo*(1), José Meireles(2), Anabela Moreira(2), Isabel Pereira da Fonseca(2) 1Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa e Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campo Grande 1749-016 Lisboa 2Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Sanidade Animal, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa Resumo: A entomologia forense (EF) utiliza o estudo de insec- also poisoned/hunted wildlife in protected areas. The insect tos e outros artrópodes presentes na decomposição da matéria fauna varies with the type of carcass (bird, mammal, carni- orgânica como ferramenta auxiliar da investigação criminal e vore, omnivore, etc.). Arthropods must be properly collected conflitos civis. Os artrópodes apresentam características que and preserved to maintain their morphology and evolutionary permitem utilizar as evidências entomológicas na resolução stage. Atmospheric conditions can accelerate or decrease the de casos forenses. Os insectos acumulam-se no cadáver e em decomposition process as well as the action of large scaven- seu redor, tornando-se parte da evidência. Na fauna entomo- gers, bacteria, fungi and even man. With this article the authors lógica cadavérica existe uma sucessão hierarquizada de artró- intend to call the attention to medical and veterinary forensic podes, ainda que se observe por vezes uma forte competição entomology promoting the interest in this area of ​​knowledge. e com intervalos definidos em cada estádio, que permite aos entomologistas forenses datar o intervalo post mortem, i.e. a estimativa do tempo decorrido entre o óbito e a descoberta do Introdução corpo.
    [Show full text]
  • Kirstern Lica Follmann Haseyama Filogenia E Tempos De Divergência De Muscidae
    Kirstern Lica Follmann Haseyama Filogenia e tempos de divergência de Muscidae (Diptera, Calyptratae, Schizophora) Tese de Doutorado apresentada à Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Área de concentração em Entomologia) da Universidade Federal do Paraná como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de mestre em Ciências Biológicas. Orientador: Claudio José Barros de Carvalho Co-orientadores: Eduardo Andrade Botelho de Almeida (USP) Brian Michael Wiegmann (NCSU) Curitiba, março de 2014 ii Agradecimentos Agradeço às instituições que apoiaram este trabalho: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnológico pela bolsa de doutorado; ao Conselho de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior pela bolsa no período inicial do doutorado, pela oportunidade de visitar o Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia pelo Programa Nacional de Cooperação Acadêmica, e durante a minha estadia no exterior, pelo programa de Doutorado Sanduíche; à Universidade Federal do Paraná, o Departamento de Zoologia e o Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia por oferecer as condições necessárias para o período do doutorado realizado em território nacional; à North Carolina State University e o seu Departamento de Entomologia por possibilitar a execução de parte do trabalho durante os 11 meses nela passados. Ao meu orientador, Claudio José Barros de Carvalho, pela orientação sobre moscas, o mundo acadêmico, a minha carreira e tantas outras coisas, desde a graduação até agora. Foram incontáveis horas, todas elas muito bem gastas, passadas na frente da lupa conferindo todos os espécimes identificados, no computador, nos livros ou conversando. Ao meu co- orientador, Eduardo Andrade Botelho de Almeida, por sempre estar a postos, mesmo à distância, para tirar toda a sorte de dúvidas a respeito de biogeografia e filogenética, também desde a graduação.
    [Show full text]
  • Dipterists Digest
    Dipterists Digest 2018 Vol. 25 No. 2 Cover illustration: Palloptera usta (Meigen, 1826) (Pallopteridae), male, on a rotten birch log at Glen Affric (NH 28012832), 4 November 2018. © Alan Watson Featherstone. In Britain, a predominantly Scottish species, having strong associations with Caledonian pine forest, but also developing in wood of broad-leaved trees. Rearing records from under bark of Betula (3), Fraxinus (1), Picea (18), Pinus (21), Populus (2) and Quercus (1) were cited by G.E. Rotheray and R.M. Lyszkowski (2012. Pallopteridae (Diptera) in Scotland. Dipterists Digest (Second Series ) 19, 189- 203). Apparently a late date, as the date range given by Rotheray and Lyszkowski ( op. cit .) for both adult captures and emergence dates from puparia was 13 May to 29 September. Dipterists Digest Vol. 25 No. 2 Second Series 2018 th Published 27 February 2019 Published by ISSN 0953-7260 Dipterists Digest Editor Peter J. Chandler, 606B Berryfield Lane, Melksham, Wilts SN12 6EL (E-mail: [email protected]) Editorial Panel Graham Rotheray Keith Snow Alan Stubbs Derek Whiteley Phil Withers Dipterists Digest is the journal of the Dipterists Forum . It is intended for amateur, semi- professional and professional field dipterists with interests in British and European flies. All notes and papers submitted to Dipterists Digest are refereed. Articles and notes for publication should be sent to the Editor at the above address, and should be submitted with a current postal and/or e-mail address, which the author agrees will be published with their paper. Articles must not have been accepted for publication elsewhere and should be written in clear and concise English.
    [Show full text]
  • Tidlig Oppdagelse Og Varsling Av Nye Fremmede Arter I Norge
    1569 Tidlig oppdagelse og varsling av nye fremmede arter i Norge System for overvåking av fremmede terrestriske karplanter og insekter Rannveig M. Jacobsen, Jens Åström, Anders Endrestøl, Rakel Blaalid, Frode Fossøy, Anders Often, Brett K. Sandercock NINAs publikasjoner NINA Rapport Dette er NINAs ordinære rapportering til oppdragsgiver etter gjennomført forsknings-, overvåkings- eller utredningsarbeid. I tillegg vil serien favne mye av instituttets øvrige rapportering, for eksempel fra seminarer og konferanser, resultater av eget forsknings- og utredningsarbeid og litteraturstudier. NINA Rapport kan også utgis på annet språk når det er hensiktsmessig.. NINA Temahefte Som navnet angir behandler temaheftene spesielle emner. Heftene utarbeides etter behov og serien favner svært vidt; fra systematiske bestemmelsesnøkler til informasjon om viktige problemstillinger i samfunnet. NINA Temahefte gis vanligvis en populærvitenskapelig form med mer vekt på illustrasjoner enn NINA Rapport. NINA Fakta Faktaarkene har som mål å gjøre NINAs forskningsresultater raskt og enkelt tilgjengelig for et større publikum. Faktaarkene gir en kort framstilling av noen av våre viktigste forskningstema. Annen publisering I tillegg til rapporteringen i NINAs egne serier publiserer instituttets ansatte en stor del av sine vitenskapelige resultater i internasjonale journaler, populærfaglige bøker og tidsskrifter. Tidlig oppdagelse og varsling av nye fremmede arter i Norge System for overvåking av fremmede terrestriske karplanter og in- sekter Rannveig M. Jacobsen Jens Åström Anders Endrestøl Rakel Blaalid Frode Fossøy Anders Often Brett K. Sandercock Norsk institutt for naturforskning NINA Rapport 1569 Jacobsen, R.M., Åström, J., Endrestøl, A., Blaalid, R., Fossøy, F., Often, A., Sandercock, B.K. 2018. Tidlig oppdagelse og varsling av nye fremmede arter i Norge. System for overvåking av fremmede terrestriske karplanter og insekter.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary Catalogue of the Anthomyiidae (Diptera) of China
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 453: 71–109 (2014)Supplementary catalogue of the Anthomyiidae (Diptera) of China 71 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.453.8282 CATALOGUE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Supplementary catalogue of the Anthomyiidae (Diptera) of China Mengmeng Wang1,2, Verner Michelsen3, Kai Li1, Weibing Zhu2 1 School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China 2 Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai, 200032, China 3 Natural History Museum of Denmark (Zoological Museum), University of Copenhagen, Denmark Corresponding authors: Kai Li ([email protected]); Weibing Zhu ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Gottardo | Received 15 July 2014 | Accepted 15 October 2014 | Published 11 November 2014 http://zoobank.org/9682874A-6431-4E09-9019-953987D97C7C Citation: Wang M, Michelsen V, Li K, Zhu W (2014) Supplementary catalogue of the Anthomyiidae (Diptera) of China. ZooKeys 453: 71–109. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.453.8282 Abstract The present catalogue of Anthomyiidae attempts to list all species (173) described or recorded from main- land China (165) and Taiwan (8) that for various reasons are not treated in “Flies of China” from 1998. The catalogue further lists Chinese species that are presently standing in new generic combinations com- pared to those of “Flies of China”, species that have changed name because of synonymy or misidentifica- tion, and species upgraded from subspecies to species. Regional distribution by province is specified for all species. Literature sources to descriptions or records of anthomyiid species from China are only given for those 173 species not covered by “Flies of China”.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Bait Traps As Accurate Predictors of Dipteran Early Colonizers in Forensic Studies
    Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 14 | Article 77 Farinha et al. Small bait traps as accurate predictors of dipteran early colonizers in forensic studies Ana Farinha1,2a*, Catarina G. Dourado1,2b, Neiva Centeio1c, Ana Rita Oliveira1,2d, Deodália Dias1,2e, and Maria Teresa Rebelo1,2f 1University of Lisbon, Faculty of Sciences, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal 2CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Lisbon, Portugal Abstract Insect carrion communities vary among habitats and over time. Concerning the dipteran early colonizers of carrion, the use of small bait traps should be accurate because the odors emitted from meat baits should contain many of the volatile organic compounds emitted from the freshly dead mammals. In addition, this kind of trap is easy to replicate and set in position in a given habitat. In the present study, small bait preferences of early Diptera carrion colonizers were examined in an urban biotope. Specifically, three baits were compared (pork muscle, pork liver, and fish flavored cat food) in respect to the number of specimens and species captured and the presence or absence of oviposition at high and low environmental temperatures. A total of 2371 specimens were trapped, primarily belonging to three insect orders, Diptera, Coleoptera, and Hymenoptera. Diptera was the predominant order, with blowflies (Calliphoridae) being the most representative family, followed by filth flies (Muscidae). The pork muscle bait was responsible for the highest number of captures and the highest diversity. The community of Diptera collected with the most efficient bait, pork muscle, was compared with the carrion communities reported in the literature from the Iberian Peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Fly Times Issue 49, October 2012
    FLY TIMES ISSUE 49, October, 2012 Stephen D. Gaimari, editor Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch California Department of Food & Agriculture 3294 Meadowview Road Sacramento, California 95832, USA Tel: (916) 262-1131 FAX: (916) 262-1190 Email: [email protected] Welcome to the latest issue of Fly Times! I thank everyone for sending in such interesting articles – I hope you all enjoy reading it as much as I enjoyed putting it together! Please let me encourage all of you to consider contributing articles that may be of interest to the Diptera community for the next Fly Times. We all greatly appreciate your contributions! Fly Times offers a great forum to report on your research activities and to make requests for taxa being studied, as well as to report interesting observations about flies, to discuss new and improved methods, to advertise opportunities for dipterists (one of which – a biggie – is the first article!), and to report on or announce meetings relevant to the community. This is also a great place to report on your interesting (and hopefully fruitful) collecting activities! Really anything fly-related is considered. I also want to thank Chris Borkent for putting together the list of Diptera citations since the last Fly Times – good job! The electronic version of the Fly Times continues to be hosted on the North American Dipterists Society website at http://www.nadsdiptera.org/News/FlyTimes/Flyhome.htm. The Diptera community would greatly appreciate your independent contributions to this newsletter. For this issue, I want to again thank all the contributors for sending me so many great articles! That said, we need even more reports on trips, collections, methods, updates, etc., with all the associated digital images you wish to provide.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Wytham Woods Pollinators
    THE POLLINATORS OF WYTHAM WOODS 2017-2020 SURVEY Version 1 (February 2021) Steven Falk A report for Wytham Woods, University of Oxford The Pollinators of Wytham Woods 2017-2020 Steven Falk Contents 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Site description .................................................................................................... 6 1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................. 7 2. METHODOLOGY ....................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Dates of visits ..................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Active surveying ................................................................................................. 11 2.3 Pan-trapping ...................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Taxonomic scope of recording ........................................................................... 17 2.5 Identification of insect specimens ..................................................................... 17 2.6 Insect nomenclature .......................................................................................... 19 2.7 Ascertaining insect conservation
    [Show full text]