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FHWA-NJ-2019-001 Defining the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail

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FHWA-NJ-2019-001 Defining the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail FHWA-NJ-2019-001 Defining the Hudson-Bergen Light Rail Catchment Area FINAL REPORT January 2019 Submitted by Jon A. Carnegie, AICP/PP Devajyoti Deka, Ph.D. Executive Director Assistant Director, Research Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center Rutgers University Rutgers University NJDOT Research Project Manager Giri Venkiteela, Ph.D. In cooperation with New Jersey Department of Transportation Bureau of Research And U. S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration DISCLAIMER STATEMENT “The contents of this report reflect the views of the author who is responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the New Jersey Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.” TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-NJ-2019-001 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date: Defining the Hudson Bergen Light Rail Catchment Area January 2019 Final Report 6. Performing Organization Code: 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Jon A. Carnegie, AICP/PP and Devajyoti Deka, Ph.D. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. Rutgers University Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center 11. Contract or Grant No. 33 Livingston Avenue New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period New Jersey Department of Transportation Final Report Bureau of Research P.O. Box 600 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Trenton, New Jersey 08625 15. Supplementary Notes The objective of this research study was to conduct a comprehensive onboard survey of Hudson Bergen Light Rail (HBLR) weekday riders and use the results of the survey and analysis of secondary data to identify the ridership catchment area of the HBLR system, in the context of its interaction with other transportation modes in the area. Analysis of 3,300 completed surveys found that the vast majority of HBLR riders are frequent users and more than 80 percent of all trips made on the HBLR are for work commute purposes. Most riders live nearby and walk to their boarding station, but a substantial number of riders also drive to stations, use NJ TRANSIT trains, PATH trains, and buses to access stations. Most riders using the HBLR travel to destinations within Hudson County. For HBLR riders who travel to New York, PATH is the predominant egress mode. Approximately two in five HBLR riders frequent area businesses within 1/2-mile of their boarding station. In total, HBLR riders report spending $3.4 million per month and more than $41 million annually in station areas. Evidence from this study suggests that the HBLR plays a dual role in northern New Jersey transportation landscape. Similar to many light rail systems throughout the world, the HBLR serves an important function as a collector/distributer system. In the case of the HBLR, the system facilitates intra-county travel in Hudson County along the waterfront. At the same time the HBLR also connects travelers to the larger regional transportation system facilitating inter-county travel via a variety of multimodal connections. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the HBLR system and many of its stations have both a micro- and a macro-catchment area. The communities served directly by stations and, in particular, the immediate areas around stations make up the system’s micro-catchment area which includes a neighborhood market that is within a 1/2-mile linear buffer of stations and a local market area that extends to a 1-mile linear buffer of stations. The micro-catchment area is defined primarily by walking distance. The HBLR macro-catchment area includes both an intermediate market (a 1-5 linear mile buffer) and a regional market (>5-mile buffer). The macro-catchment area is defined by the various transportation modes that connect with the system at key stations. The intermediate market is connected to the HBLR primarily via bus and auto modes, while the regional market is connected via auto, bus, NJ TRANSIT trains and PATH trains. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Light Rail Transit; Hudson Bergen Light Rail, Rider Survey; Transit Catchment Area; Rider Characteristics No Restriction 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 107 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge the efforts of the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT), including the Project Manager, Giri Venkiteela, Ph.D., of the Bureau of Research. The authors thank the Research Selection and Implementation Panel members including: Director of Research at NJ TRANSIT, Susan O’Donnell, as well as Neal Fitzsimmons, Mathew Ledger, Mathew Safer, Rossana Ybasco, and Patrick Glasson—all from NJ TRANSIT. These individuals offered valuable comments and suggestions on the research project, resulting in an improved product. A number of staff members and students from the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy (EJB) contributed to this research. Senior Research Specialist Mark Walzer helped with field supervision of the survey and data cleaning efforts. Project coordinator Stephanie Crozier assisted with administrative work, including the monitoring of surveyors’ time allocation, time sheets, payments, and travel re-imbursement. Doctoral students Da Fei and Mirabel Chen assisted with GIS analysis. Da Fei also helped with data weighting, secondary data analysis, and data cleaning. Sonia Szczesna assisted with data entry, geocoding, and data cleaning. Nina Zou assisted with secondary data analysis. Kamalesh Lalwani, Shivang Shelat, and Liam Kennedy helped with data entry. Approximately 40 graduate and undergraduate students from various programs at Rutgers University undertook the difficult task of conducting onboard surveys. Without the contributions of all of the above, the study could not have been successfully completed. The authors are thankful to the entire research team. The authors are grateful to those Hudson-Bergen Light Rail riders who spent valuable time participating in the focus groups to provide insights. The authors are equally thankful to the riders who completed the onboard survey. Without their sacrifices, this study could not have been completed. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DISCLAIMER STATEMENT ........................................................................................... II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. V TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ VI LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... VII LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... VIII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 1 Summary of Key Findings from the Survey .............................................................. 1 HBLR Catchment Area Definition .............................................................................. 3 BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................. 6 Growth in the HBLR Corridor ..................................................................................... 7 Characteristics of People and Places Near Stations ............................................. 10 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND APPROACH ............................................................. 12 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 13 HBLR-specific Studies .............................................................................................. 13 Studies on Rail Station Catchment Area ................................................................. 13 Issues Pertinent to the Current Study ..................................................................... 15 CUSTOMER FOCUS GROUPS .................................................................................... 17 General Impressions of the HBLR ........................................................................... 17 How Participants Use HBLR ..................................................................................... 18 Station Spending Patterns ....................................................................................... 19 Relationships between HBLR and Participant Residence Location ..................... 19 PASSENGER INTERCEPT SURVEY ........................................................................... 20 Summary of Field Operations .................................................................................. 20 Survey Distribution and Response Rates ............................................................... 22 Survey Returns by Service Line ........................................................................... 23 Survey Returns by Station .................................................................................... 25 Entering, Cleaning, and Geocoding the Data ......................................................... 27 RESULTS OF
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