Nature around the poles

Nature around the poles Lesson plan (Polish) Lesson plan (English) Nature around the poles

Source: Ian Parker, Unsplash, licencja: CC 0.

Link to lesson

Before you start you should know

what conditions prevail in particular climate zones; what climate prevails in the Arctic and Antarctica; that scientific research is carried out in the poles.

You will learn

distinguish the nature of the polar zone of the Arctic and Antarctic; recognize terrestrial and marine animals characteristic of polar regions.

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu

Life on the land in the poles

Both plants and animals live in the poles.The harsh climate means that we will meet the most of their representatives on the outskirts of these area. There are very few terrestrial plants. They are mainly represented by lichens and algae, few species of mosses and single species of plants. An example of such a plant is the Antarctic hair grass.

Important!

Single‐celled self‐living organisms living in the Arctic and Antarctic waters produce more oxygen than rainforests.

Due to lack of vegetation on land, there are no herbivorous land animals. The ice desert can not support cold‐blooded amphibians and reptiles. Animals living in polar regions gather food mainly in water. They are adapted to strong frosts, violent winds and thunderstorms by accumulating a layer of fat under the skin. Despite the similarities in the environment of both Polar regions (Arctic zone) they are different.

The northern hemisphere's polar zone is a frozen ocean in the winter and the summer, surrounded by archipelagos islands and the lands from three continents. During the summer, tundra animals such as reindeer, caribou, musk oxen or small lemmings and hares can roam around the polar circle in search of food. Seals swim in the unfrozen water. Only in the Northern Hemisphere do polar bears occur that live both in the tundra zone and in the ice desert. They are land animals, but they hunt mainly on the border of land or floating ice and water, where they gain most of their food. In summer, we can see here snow eagles, gulls, common murre and terns.

Thick-billed murre Source: Tony Morris, www.flickr.com, licencja: CC BY-NC 2.0. Polar bear Source: Chief Yeoman Alphonso Braggs, US-Navy, hp://commons.wikimedia.org, domena publiczna.

In the southern hemisphere, there are very few flying birds due to the extremely strong winds. Penguins are found here – flightless birds living on the Antarctic islands and off the coast of Antarctica. They reproduce on land, but feed on crustaceans and fish. Apart from them, there are no large terrestrial animals in Antarctica.

Emperor penguin Source: Martha de Jong-Lannk, www.flickr.com, licencja: CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

Living in cold sea waters Water at a temperature of about 4°C accumulates at the bottom of the tank. In polar seas it is colder and often approaches 0°C. However, it does not freeze at the bottom, as the salt water changes its state to solid only at about -2°C. The ice floats on the surface of the water. As a result, around Antarctica and the Arctic Ocean, the water remains liquid under the floating ice crust. In addition, oxygen is better dissolved in cold water. In such waters plant plankton develops. It provides food for animal plankton, small crustaceans and fish. The waters of the polar seas of both hemispheres are the habitat of many aquatic invertebrates: shrimps, cnidarians, sea urchins, squids and crabs. Well known are numerous small (1 – 2 cm) species of crustaceans called krill. They are fished by humans as food and for feed for farm animals. Krill is the food base for whales, seals, penguins and fish.

Humpback - a cold water whale Source: GroMar Sp. z o.o., licencja: CC BY-SA 3.0.

There are many species of fish living in the polar seas. They, in turn, feed the birds. In the Arctic, these are species that nest in the tundra, but the gulls, buzzards, skuas, terns and many more only visit for fishing. In Antarctica, in addition to penguins, albatrosses, terns and skuas also hunt in the sea. Arctic mammals living mainly or exclusively in water are seals, sea lions, walruses and whales. In the Antarctic waters, dolphins, whales, numerous seals and sea elephants are swimming.

Elephant seal Source: Frank Schulenburg, www.flickr.com, licencja: CC BY-NC-SA 2.0. Exercise 1

Choose the name of an animal that lives only in the Northern Pole.

polar bear whale seal seagull

Exercise 2

Indicate the sentences by which you can describe Imperial penguins.

They occur only in Antarctica. They lay eggs on the icebergs. They feed mainly on sea birds. They reproduce and hunt in water. They breed on land, but they hunt in water.

Exercise 3

Source: skeeze, licencja: CC 0.

Exercise 4

Complete the sentence

Photograph from exercise nr. 3 shows ...... It is cold water ......

Warning!

In the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, large‐scale hunting for seals and whales was carried out. As a result, many species of these animals are vulnerable to complete extinction. Currently, as a result of international agreements on their protection, some of them are no longer at risk, but some are still on the brink of extinction.

Summary

The climatic conditions of the Arctic and Antarctic cause that only small and few plants live on their outskirts. The lack of land plants and herbivores makes the Arctic and Antarctic land animals thrive in the sea. Water plant plankton provide food for zooplankton and numerous larger marine animals. The characteristic polar animals in the north are polar bears and walrus, and in the south – penguins.

Keywords penguin, polar bear, humpback whale

Glossary

Arcc zone

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: Arctic zone

strefa podbiegunowa – strefa oświetlenia Ziemi położona za kołem podbiegunowym

archipelago

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: archipelago

archipelag – grupa wysp położonych blisko siebie, najczęściej zbudowanych z podobnych skał Lesson plan (Polish)

Temat: Przyroda wokół biegunów

Materiał uzupełniający do wykorzystania na lekcjach w grupie przedmiotów przyrodniczych (przyroda, biologia, chemia, geografia, fizyka), zajęciach dodatkowych, kołach zainteresowań. Może służyć jako zasób poszerzający wiedzę, przygotowujący uczniów do konkursów przyrodniczych.

Adresat:

Uczniowie klasy V szkoły podstawowej (geografia).

Podstawa programowa

Klasa V Geografia IV. Krajobrazy świata: wilgotnego lasu równikowego i lasu strefy umiarkowanej, sawanny i stepu, pustyni gorącej i lodowej, tajgi i tundry, śródziemnomorski, wysokogórski Himalajów; strefowość a piętrowość klimatyczno‐roślinna na świecie. Uczeń: 3) przedstawia główne cechy i porównuje poznawane krajobrazy świata oraz rozpoznaje je w opisach, na filmach i ilustracjach; 4) rozpoznaje rośliny i zwierzęta typowe dla poznawanych krajobrazów;

Ogólny cel kształcenia

Uczniowie rozpoznają i nazywają organizmy typowe dla strefy polarnej oraz przedstawiają wyniki swoje pracy projektowej.

Kompetencje kluczowe

porozumiewanie się w językach obcych; kompetencje informatyczne; umiejętność uczenia się.

Kryteria sukcesu Uczeń nauczy się:

odróżniać przyrodę strefy polarnej Arktyki i Antarktydy; rozpoznawać zwierzęta lądowe i morskie charakterystyczne dla obszarów polarnych.

Metody/techniki kształcenia

podające pogadanka. aktywizujące dyskusja. programowane z użyciem komputera; z użyciem e‐podręcznika. praktyczne ćwiczeń przedmiotowych.

Formy pracy

praca indywidualna; praca w parach; praca w grupach; praca całego zespołu klasowego.

Środki dydaktyczne

e‐podręcznik; zeszyt i kredki lub pisaki; tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery; duże arkusze papieru z zarysem kontynentów, klej, nożyczki, kredki.

Przebieg lekcji

Przed lekcją

Przed lekcją nauczyciel prosi uczniów, aby poszukali w kolorowych czasopismach oraz Internecie zdjęć roślin i zwierząt występujących w strefie polarnej Arktyki i Antarktydy..

Faza wstępna

Prowadzący lekcję określa cel zajęć i wspólnie z uczniami ustala kryteria sukcesu.

Faza realizacyjna

Nauczyciel prosi uczniów, aby samodzielnie przeczytali abstrakt, zwracając szczególną uwagę na grafiki. Uczniowie, pracując indywidualnie lub w parach, wykonują ćwiczenia interaktywne sprawdzające i utrwalające wiadomości poznane w czasie lekcji. Wybrane osoby omawiają prawidłowe rozwiązania ćwiczeń interaktywnych. Prowadzący uzupełnia lub prostuje wypowiedzi podopiecznych. Uczestnicy zajęć zapoznają się z treścią przedstawioną na ilustracji interaktywnej. Następnie nauczyciel omawia z uczniami poznane zagadnienia. Zespoły otrzymują własną pracę – mapę świata. Zadaniem każdego zespołu jest wykonanie kolażu zdjęć, przedstawiającego życie w strefie polarnej. Nauczyciel prosi przedstawiciela każdej grupy, aby wylosował krajobraz, który grupa zaprezentuje na podsumowania projektu. Faza podsumowująca

Publiczne podsumowanie projektu – grupy prezentują wylosowane krajobrazy przy użyciu własnych map.

Praca domowa

Odsłuchaj w domu nagrania abstraktu. Zwróć uwagę na wymowę, akcent i intonację. Naucz się prawidłowo wymawiać poznane na lekcji słówka.

W tej lekcji zostaną użyte m.in. następujące pojęcia oraz nagrania

Pojęcia

Arcc zone

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: Arctic zone

strefa podbiegunowa – strefa oświetlenia Ziemi położona za kołem podbiegunowym

archipelago

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: archipelago

archipelag – grupa wysp położonych blisko siebie, najczęściej zbudowanych z podobnych skał

Teksty i nagrania

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu

Nature around the poles Both plants and animals live in the poles.The harsh climate means that we will meet the most of their representatives on the outskirts of these area. There are very few terrestrial plants. They are mainly represented by lichens and algae, few species of mosses and single species of plants. An example of such a plant is the Antarctic hair grass.

Due to lack of vegetation on land, there are no herbivorous land animals. The ice desert can not support cold‐blooded amphibians and reptiles. Animals living in polar regions gather food mainly in water. They are adapted to strong frosts, violent winds and thunderstorms by accumulating a layer of fat under the skin. Despite the similarities in the environment of both Polar regions (Arctic zone) they are different.

The northern hemisphere's polar zone is a frozen ocean in the winter and the summer, surrounded by archipelagos islands and the lands from three continents. During the summer, tundra animals such as reindeer, caribou, musk oxen or small lemmings and hares can roam around the polar circle in search of food. Seals swim in the unfrozen water. Only in the Northern Hemisphere do polar bears occur that live both in the tundra zone and in the ice desert. They are land animals, but they hunt mainly on the border of land or floating ice and water, where they gain most of their food. In summer, we can see here snow eagles, gulls, common murre and terns.

In the southern hemisphere, there are very few flying birds due to the extremely strong winds. Penguins are found here – flightless birds living on the Antarctic islands and off the coast of Antarctica. They reproduce on land, but feed on crustaceans and fish. Apart from them, there are no large terrestrial animals in Antarctica.

Water at a temperature of about 4°C accumulates at the bottom of the tank. In polar seas it is colder and often approaches 0°C. However, it does not freeze at the bottom, as the salt water changes its state to solid only at about -2°C. The ice floats on the surface of the water. As a result, around Antarctica and the Arctic Ocean, the water remains liquid under the floating ice crust. In addition, oxygen is better dissolved in cold water. In such waters plant plankton develops. It provides food for animal plankton, small crustaceans and fish. The waters of the polar seas of both hemispheres are the habitat of many aquatic invertebrates: shrimps, cnidarians, sea urchins, squids and crabs. Well known are numerous small (1 – 2 cm) species of crustaceans called krill. They are fished by humans as food and for feed for farm animals. Krill is the food base for whales, seals, penguins and fish.

There are many species of fish living in the polar seas. They, in turn, feed the birds. In the Arctic, these are species that nest in the tundra, but the gulls, buzzards, skuas, terns and many more only visit for fishing. In Antarctica, in addition to penguins, albatrosses, terns and skuas also hunt in the sea. Arctic mammals living mainly or exclusively in water are seals, sea lions, walruses and whales. In the Antarctic waters, dolphins, whales, numerous seals and sea elephants are swimming. The climatic conditions of the Arctic and Antarctic cause that only small and few plants live on their outskirts. The lack of land plants and herbivores makes the Arctic and Antarctic land animals thrive in the sea. Water plant plankton provide food for zooplankton and numerous larger marine animals. The characteristic polar animals in the north are polar bears and walrus, and in the south – penguins. Lesson plan (English)

Topic: Nature around the poles

Supplementary material for use in lessons in the group of natural sciences (nature, biology, chemistry, geography, physics), additional classes, science clubs. It can serve as a resource for expanding knowledge, preparing students for science competitions.

Target group:

5th‐grade students of elementary school (geography).

Core Curriculum

Grade V Geography IV. Landscapes of the world: humid equatorial forest and temperate forest, savannah and steppe, hot and ice desert, taiga and tundra, Mediterranean, high altitude Himalayas; zonation and climatological vegetation in the world. Pupil: 3) presents the main features and compares the known landscapes of the world and recognizes them in descriptions, films and illustrations; 4) recognizes plants and animals typical of the landscapes that are known;

General aim of education

Students recognize and name organisms typical of the polar zone and present the results of their project work.

Key competences

communication in foreign languages; digital competence; learning to learn.

Criteria for success The student will learn:

distinguish the nature of the polar zone of the Arctic and Antarctic; recognize terrestrial and marine animals characteristic of polar regions.

Methods/techniques

expository talk. activating discussion. programmed with computer; with e‐textbook. practical exercices concerned.

Forms of work

individual activity; activity in pairs; activity in groups; collective activity.

Teaching aids

e‐textbook; notebook and crayons/felt‐tip pens; interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers; large sheets of paper with a continental outline, glue, scissors, crayons.

Lesson plan overview

Before classes

Before the lesson, the teacher asks pupils to search for colorful magazines and online photos of plants and animals found in the polar zone of the Arctic and Antarctic..

Introduction

The teacher explains the aim of the lesson and together with students determines the success criteria to be achieved.

Realization

The teacher asks students to read the abstract themselves, paying particular attention to the illustrations. Students, working individually or in pairs, carry out interactive exercises to check and consolidate knowledge learned during the lesson. Selected people discuss the correct solutions for interactive exercises. The teacher completes or corrects the statements of the proteges. Participants familiarize themselves with the content presented in the interactive illustration. Then the teacher discusses the issues with the students. Teams receive their own work - a map of the world. The task of each team is to make a collage of photos depicting life in the polar zone. The teacher asks a representative of each group to draw a landscape that the group will present at the project's summaries. Summary

Public summary of the project - the groups present the selected landscapes using their own maps.

Homework

Listen to the abstract recording at home. Pay attention to pronunciation, accent and intonation. Learn to pronounce the words learned during the lesson.

The following terms and recordings will be used during this lesson

Terms

Arcc zone

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: Arctic zone

strefa podbiegunowa – strefa oświetlenia Ziemi położona za kołem podbiegunowym

archipelago

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl

Nagranie słówka: archipelago

archipelag – grupa wysp położonych blisko siebie, najczęściej zbudowanych z podobnych skał

Texts and recordings

Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl nagranie abstraktu

Nature around the poles Both plants and animals live in the poles.The harsh climate means that we will meet the most of their representatives on the outskirts of these area. There are very few terrestrial plants. They are mainly represented by lichens and algae, few species of mosses and single species of plants. An example of such a plant is the Antarctic hair grass.

Due to lack of vegetation on land, there are no herbivorous land animals. The ice desert can not support cold‐blooded amphibians and reptiles. Animals living in polar regions gather food mainly in water. They are adapted to strong frosts, violent winds and thunderstorms by accumulating a layer of fat under the skin. Despite the similarities in the environment of both Polar regions (Arctic zone) they are different.

The northern hemisphere's polar zone is a frozen ocean in the winter and the summer, surrounded by archipelagos islands and the lands from three continents. During the summer, tundra animals such as reindeer, caribou, musk oxen or small lemmings and hares can roam around the polar circle in search of food. Seals swim in the unfrozen water. Only in the Northern Hemisphere do polar bears occur that live both in the tundra zone and in the ice desert. They are land animals, but they hunt mainly on the border of land or floating ice and water, where they gain most of their food. In summer, we can see here snow eagles, gulls, common murre and terns.

In the southern hemisphere, there are very few flying birds due to the extremely strong winds. Penguins are found here – flightless birds living on the Antarctic islands and off the coast of Antarctica. They reproduce on land, but feed on crustaceans and fish. Apart from them, there are no large terrestrial animals in Antarctica.

Water at a temperature of about 4°C accumulates at the bottom of the tank. In polar seas it is colder and often approaches 0°C. However, it does not freeze at the bottom, as the salt water changes its state to solid only at about -2°C. The ice floats on the surface of the water. As a result, around Antarctica and the Arctic Ocean, the water remains liquid under the floating ice crust. In addition, oxygen is better dissolved in cold water. In such waters plant plankton develops. It provides food for animal plankton, small crustaceans and fish. The waters of the polar seas of both hemispheres are the habitat of many aquatic invertebrates: shrimps, cnidarians, sea urchins, squids and crabs. Well known are numerous small (1 – 2 cm) species of crustaceans called krill. They are fished by humans as food and for feed for farm animals. Krill is the food base for whales, seals, penguins and fish.

There are many species of fish living in the polar seas. They, in turn, feed the birds. In the Arctic, these are species that nest in the tundra, but the gulls, buzzards, skuas, terns and many more only visit for fishing. In Antarctica, in addition to penguins, albatrosses, terns and skuas also hunt in the sea. Arctic mammals living mainly or exclusively in water are seals, sea lions, walruses and whales. In the Antarctic waters, dolphins, whales, numerous seals and sea elephants are swimming. The climatic conditions of the Arctic and Antarctic cause that only small and few plants live on their outskirts. The lack of land plants and herbivores makes the Arctic and Antarctic land animals thrive in the sea. Water plant plankton provide food for zooplankton and numerous larger marine animals. The characteristic polar animals in the north are polar bears and walrus, and in the south – penguins.