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PPrrooff.. GGaarryy WWaanngg Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering The University of Manitoba

1 BBaacckkggrroouunndd ‹Fundamental incompatibilities among entity representations ‹Complexity of CAD/CAM systems

CAD interoperability issues and problems cost automotive companies a combined $1 billion per year (Brunnermeier & Martin, 1999).

2 BBaacckkggrroouunndd (cont’d) ‹Intra-company CAD interoperability ‹Concurrent engineering and lean manufacturing philosophies focus on the reduction of manufacturing costs through the outsourcing of components (National Research Council, 2000).

3 IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn ttoo bbee EExxcchhaannggeedd ‹Shape data: both geometric and topological information ‹Non-shape data: graphics data ‹Design data: mass property and finite element mesh data ‹Manufacturing data: NC tool paths, tolerancing, process planning, tool design, and bill of materials (BOM).

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‹Standardized CAD package ‹Standardized Modeling Kernel ‹Point-to-Point Translation: e.g. a Pro/ENGINEER model to a CATIA model. ‹Neutral CAD Format: e.g. IGES (Shape-Based Format ) and STEP (Product Data-Based Format) ‹Object-Linking Technology: Use Windows Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technology to share model data

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(Ibrahim Zeid, 1990)

6 CCAADD MMooddeelliinngg KKeerrnneellss

Company/Application ACIS Proprietary /AutoCAD X CADKey Corp/CADKEY X Dassault Systems/CATIA v5 X IMS/TurboCAD X Parametric Technology Corp. / X Pro/ENGINEER SDRC / I-DEAS X SolidWorks Corp. / SolidWorks X Think3 / Thinkdesign X UGS / Unigraphics X Unigraphics / X Visionary Design System / IronCAD X X (Dr. David Kelly 2003)

7 CCAADD MMooddeelliinngg KKeerrnneellss (cond’t) Parent Subsidiary Modeling Product Company Kernel Parametric Granite v2 (B- Pro/ENGINEER Technology rep based) Corporation (PTC) (www.ptc.com) Dassault Proprietary CATIA v5 Systems SolidWorks Corp. (www.3ds.com) SolidWorks (Parasolid based) Spatial Technology ACIS (B-rep ACIS Modeler R12 Corporation based) Electronics Data UGS PLM Solutions Parasolid (B- Unigraphics (Parasolid based) Systems rep based) Corporation Solid Edge (Parasolid based) (EDS) Structural Dynamics (www.eds.com) Proprietary I-DEAS Research Corporation (SDRC)

8 Format Description Ext.

PTC® *.prt PTC Pro/ENGINEER parts and assembly files. Pro/ENGINEER™ *.asm

Autodesk® DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) drawing files *.dxf DXF format Autodesk DWG drawing and models from Autodesk products and compatible CAD systems. *.dwg DWG format Dassault Systems® CATIA V5 R10 part files and assemblies. *.catpart, *.catproduct CATIA® V5

*.sldprt Dassault Systems SolidWorks parts, assemblies, drawings and sheet metal models. *.sldasm SolidWorks® *.slddrw

SAT files generated by Spatial Technologies® ACIS as exported by Autodesk AutoCAD, ACIS® SAT *.sat CADKEY®, IRONCAD®, Vellum Solids™, and several others CAD systems.

*.idi EDS® I-DEAS Web Access files including assemblies. *.idz I-DEAS® *.mca *.igs IGES 2D & 3D (Initial Graphics Exchange Specifications) All IGES 2D & 3D entities. *. EDS Parasolid solids from Unigraphics parts and assemblies. *.prt Unigraphics® *.par EDS *.asm Solid Edge parts, sheet metal, assemblies and drawings. Solid Edge® *.psm *.dft EDS Parasolid X_T files as exported by Unigraphics, Solid Edge, SolidWorks, PTC *.x_t Parasolid® Pro/DESKTOP™, and several other CAD/CAM systems. *.xmt_txt *.stp STEP STEP files compliant with AP203 and AP214. *.step

9 PPaarraassoolliidd ‹ In 2002, eight of the top 10 vendors are Parasolid licensees and seven of the top 10 use Parasolid for . ‹ Parasolid is selected for modeling capabilities by a margin of 6:1 over its closest rival by the top 25 CAM vendors ‹ Unigraphics NX (UGS PLM Solutions), (CNC Software), GibbsCAM (Gibbs and Associates), EdgeCAM (Pathtrace), SURFCAM (Surfware), VISI-Series (Vero International) and ESPRIT (DP Technology).

(NC Software and Related Services Market Assessment, May 2003, CIMdata) AACCIISS ‹ Low-end 2D CAD market

10 IIGGEESS (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)

‹ Developed by Boeing, GE, and National Institute of Standards and Technology in 1980. ‹ CAD-to-CAD exchange: for both shape and non- shape data (no design and manuf. Data)

11 ‹ Flag section (optional) ‹ Start section ‹ Global section Number of significant digits Model space scale Model units Minimum resolution and maximum coordinate values ‹ Directory Entry (DE) Line font, layer number Transformation matrix Line weight, and color ‹ Parameter Data (PD) Data defining each entity

‹ Terminate section

12 SSTTEEPP (Standard for the Transfer and Exchange of Product Model Data) ‹ Proposed in 1984 by ISO ‹ To exchange all four types of data

PPDDEESS (Product Data Exchange using STEP) ‹ Initiated in 1983 and named as Product Data Exchange Standard by U. S. ‹ Similar to STEP ‹ Includes all four types of data which is relevant to the entire life-cycle of a product: design, analysis, manufacturing, quality assurance, testing, support, etc.

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No transferred information about how parts were created - Experience with AutoCAD and Pro/E - Project on data transfer in 2000 (Unigraphics, Pro/E, SolidWorks, and Mechanical Desktop)

14 RReeccoommmmeennddaattiioonn - Stick with one major CAD/CAE/CAM tool - Minimize data exchange between tools - Plan the data exchange ahead (buy the module, or a third-party tool) - Check with your supplier and customers to ensure compatibility

15 Quick Questions • Given IGES and STEP, exchange info between CAD tools becomes seamless. • STEP transfers design and manufacturing data and IGES does not do that. • ACIS and Parasolid are two widely used CAD geometric kernels. • Pro/Engineer is based on Parasolid kernel. • ACIS is mostly used in low-end CAD tools. • It is recommended to use high-end CAD tool in your company and low-end tools for your suppliers.

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