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Home , Gilia, Phlox, Phlox hoodii, Phlox maculata, Polemonium occidentale, Polemonium viscosum

– FAMILY

Plant: herbs; shrubs or rarely trees or vines Stem: Root: : simple, mostly entire but some lobed or pinnately/palmately divided; mostly opposite but some alternate or whorled; no stipules : perfect; 5 united and green sepals; usually a long and slender corolla tube, twisted in the bud, that flares into 5 flat lobes; most with 5 stamens and 3-pronged style hidden within corolla tube (exceptions occur); superior, 3 carpels, 1 style, 3 stigmas, 1 to many ovules Fruit: mostly, usually 3-chambered Other: many ornamentals; hybridization common; Dicotyledons Group Genera: 18+ genera; locally Collomia, , Phlox (phlox), (Jacob's ladder)

WARNING – family descriptions are only a layman’s guide and should not be used as definitive POLEMONIACEAE – PHLOX FAMILY

Scarlet Gilia [Skyrocket]; aggregata (Pursh) V.E. Grant Standing-Cypress; Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry Cleft Phlox; Beck [Wild] Blue [Woodland] Phlox; L. Annual Phlox; Hook. Spiny [Carpet; ] Phlox; Richardson Wideflower [Mountain] Phlox; Phlox latifolia Michx. Wild Sweet William [Spotted Phlox; Meadow Phlox]; L. Garden [Fall, Perennial] Phlox; L. Downy Phlox; L. Moss Phlox; L. Western Polemonium; Polemonium occidentale Greene ssp. Occidentale Greek Valerian [Spreading Jacob’s Ladder]; Polemonium reptans L. var. reptans Sticky [Jacob’s-Ladder] Polemonium [Sky Pilot]; Polemonium viscosum Nutt. Scarlet Gilia [Skyrocket] USDA (Pursh) V.E. Grant Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Near Fraser, Grand County, Colorado Notes: tubular, 5 deep and flaring lobes, scarlet red; basal leaves first year with cauline leaves second year, cauline leaves alternate, deeply pinnate divided or lobed, segments linear to filiform (thread-like); fruit a capsule; lower foothills to montane environments; summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Standing-Cypress USDA Ipomopsis rubra (L.) Wherry Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Lake Charles State Park, Lawrence County, Arkansas Notes: flower tubular, 5 deep lobes, red with red-spotted interior; leaves alternate, deeply pinnate divided or lobed, segments linear to filiform (thread-like); spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2007] Cleft Phlox USDA Phlox bifida Beck Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Brown County State Park, Brown County, Indiana Notes: flower tubular with 5 deep lobes, lobes notched from ¼ to ½ length of lobe, blue or light violet to almost white; leaves narrowly lanceolate to somewhat linear, sharp-pointed; most of hairy, somewhat glandular (sticky); plant mostly prostrate but erect; mostly in woods; early spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2009] [Wild] Blue [Woodland, Forest] Phlox USDA Phlox divaricata L. Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Pokahan State Park, Steuben County, Indiana Notes: flower tubular with 5 deep lobes, notched, blue to purple or white, flower tube glabrous, stamens not protruding (often deep in corolla tube); leaves oblong to lanceolate, not sharp-pointed, hairy; stem hairy; spring to early summer [V Max Brown, 2006] Annual Phlox USDA Phlox drummondii Hook. Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Tybee Island, Georgia Notes: flower tubular with 5 deep lobes, wedge-shaped, notched, color variable, stamens not protruding; leaves alternate (at least upper stem), often thick, sharp-pointed, hairy; stem hairy; often cultivated; summer [V Max Brown, 2006] Spiny [Carpet; Moss] USDA Phlox Phlox hoodii Richardson Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Near Fraser, Grand County, Colorado Notes: flower tubular with 5 lobes, pink to white to pale blue, corolla tube smooth, calyx hairy or not; leaves mostly linear or awl-shaped and sharp, often dense; plant sprawling like a clump of moss, lower stem woody; summer (variable, many varieties, some with dense or cob-webby hairs) [V Max Brown, 2012] Wideflower [Mountain] Phlox USDA Phlox latifolia Michx. Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flower tubular with 5 deep lobes, pink- to reddish- purple, corolla glabrous, up 3 cm, stamens even with or protruding tube, wider than long, lower flowers on longer peduncles, pedicels and sepals finely pubescent; 4 (3-5) pairs of lanceolate leaves, sharp-pointed, sessile to clasping, no sub- marginal vein; late spring to summer [V Max Brown, 2007] Wild Sweet William [Spotted USDA Phlox; Meadow Phlox] Phlox maculata L. Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Shawnee State Park, Scioto County, Ohio Notes: flower tubular with 5 lobes, pink- to reddish- purple, peduncles mostly of same length, inflorescence longer than wide; many pairs of lanceolate leaves, sharp-pointed, sessile to clasping, no sub-marginal vein, upper leaves broadest near base; stem usually spotted; late spring to fall [V Max Brown, 2007] Downy Phlox USDA Phlox pilosa L. Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flower tubular with 5 deep lobes, reddish-blue to purple, flower tube finely pubescent, stamens not protruding from corolla; leaves linear to lanceolate, sharp-pointed; whole plant downy pubescent; late spring to early fall [V Max Brown, 2005] Garden [Fall, Perennial] Phlox USDA Phlox paniculata L. Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flower tubular with 5 lobes, pink to reddish-purple to white, corolla tube slightly hairy; leaves lanceolate with submarginal connecting vein (see below), cilia (hairs) usually along margins; tall, erect plant; often cultivated (many colors); summer to fall [V Max Brown, 2004] Moss Phlox USDA Phlox subulata L. Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Oak Openings Metropark, Lucas County, Ohio Notes: flower tubular with 5 lobes, notched, pink to reddish-purple to white, corolla tube smooth, calyx hairy; leaves mostly linear or awl-shaped and may be dense, usually 1+ pair of opposite lanceolate leaves below inflorescence; plant sprawling but flowers mostly erect; spring [V Max Brown, 2007] Western Polemonium USDA Polemonium occidentale Greene ssp. Occidentale Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado Notes: 5-lobed flower, light to deep blue to purple, sepals 5-lobed with somewhat rounded tips; leaves pinnate with 10 to 20+ leaflets; plant glandular hairy above, a tall erect plant; lower elevations to subalpine environments; summer [V Max Brown, 2012] Greek Valerian USDA [Spreading Jacob’s Ladder] Polemonium reptans L. var. reptans Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Shawnee State Forest, Scioto County, Ohio Notes: 5-lobed flower, light to deep blue to purple, sepals 5-lobed with acute tips; leaves pinnate with 10 to 17 leaflets, elliptical to ovate; plant hairy, somewhat sprawling or reclining (spreading); woods; spring [V Max Brown, 2009] Sticky [Jacob’s-Ladder] Polemonium USDA [Sky Pilot] Polemonium viscosum Nutt. Polemoniaceae (Phlox Family) Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado Notes: flower tubular with 5 lobes, blue to dark blue, corolla tube smooth, calyx glandular hairy, in a cyme; leaves thick, cupped, elliptical to ovate, pinnate in many whorled leaflets crowded on rachis, leaflets glandular hairy; montane to alpine environments; summer (flower shown past its prime) [V Max Brown, 2012]