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Reviving Lakes and Wetlands in the People's REVIVING LAKES AND WETLANDS IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, VOLUME 2 LESSONS LEARNED ON INTEGRATED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FROM CHAO LAKE BASIN ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK REVIVING LAKES AND WETLANDS IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA, VOLUME 2 LESSONS LEARNED ON INTEGRATED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FROM CHAO LAKE BASIN ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (report) Reminder: This is the copyright and disclaimer page to be used in new ADB publications as of January 2015. This page now reflects ADB’s move to Open Access and use of a Creative Commons (CC) IGO license. Most ADB-only publications are covered by the CC BY 3.0 IGO Creative CommonsCommons Attribution Attribution 3.0 3.0 IGO IGO license license (CC (CC BY BY 3.0 3.0 IGO) IGO) license, as per the text below. For copublished titles, a different CC license may apply. In such ©© 2015 201_ Asian Asian Development Development Bank Bank instances,please please contact delete the Publishing and 6 ADB Avenue, Mandaluyong City, 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Dissemination Team of DER. 6Tel ADB +63 Avenue, 2 632 4444; Mandaluyong Fax +63 2 636City, 2444 1550 Metro Manila, Philippines Telwww.adb.org; +63 2 632 4444; openaccess.adb.org Fax +63 2 636 2444 www.adb.org; openaccess.adb.org Some rights reserved. Published in 201_. SomePrinted rights in [the] reserved. __________(country). Published in 2015. Printed in the Philippines. ISBN XXX-XX-XXXX-XXX-X (Print), XXX-XX-XXXX-XXX-X (PDF) ISBNPublication 978-92-9257-109-2 Stock No. (Print), 978-92-9257-110-8 (e-ISBN) Publication Stock No. RPT157627-2 Cataloging-In-Publication Data Cataloging-In-Publication Data (author, surname first). Asian Development Bank. (title of the publication; written in lowercase except proper nouns and the first word) Reviving lakes and wetlands in the People’s Republic of China, Volume 2: Lessons learned on integrated water pollution control from Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 201_. Chao Lake Basin. Mandaluyong City, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2015. 1. (subject matter) 2. (subject matter) I. (publisher; usually it is ADB) Asian Development Bank. 1. Chao Lake. 2. Chao Lake Management Authority. 3. Lake rehabilitation. 4. Nonpoint source pollution. 5.The Water views quality. 6. expressed in thisPeople’s publication Republic are of China. I.those of the authors Asian Developmentand do not necessarily Bank. reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian DevelopmentADB does not Bank guarantee (ADB) orthe its accuracy Board of ofGovernors the data or included the governments in this publication they represent. and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they ADBare endorsed does not guarantee or recommended the accuracy by ADB of the in datapreference included to in others this publication of a similar and nature accepts that no are responsibility not mentioned. for any consequence of their use. 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ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise ADB cannot be held liable for any claims that arise as a result of your use of the material. as a result of your use of the material. Attribution—In acknowledging ADB as the source, please be sure to include all of the following information: Attribution—In acknowledging ADB as the source, please be sure to include all of the following information: Author. Year of publication. Title of the material. © Asian Development Bank [and/or Publisher]. Author. Year of publication. Title of the material. © Asian Development Bank [and/or Publisher]. https://openaccess.adb.org.https://openaccess.adb.org. Available Available under under a CC a CCBY 3.0BY 3.0IGO IGO license. license. TranslationsTranslations—Any—Any translations translations you you create create should should carry carry the followingthe following disclaimer: disclaimer: OriginallyOriginally published published by bythe the Asian Asian Development Development Bank Bank in English in English under under the title the [title] title [title]© [Year © of[Year publication] of publication] Asian Development Bank. AllAsian rights Development reserved. The Bank. quality All of rights this translation reserved. andThe its quality coherence of this with translation the original and text its coherenceis the sole responsibility with the original of the text [translator]. The Englishis the sole original responsibility of this work of is thethe [translator].only official version. The English original of this work is the only official version. AdaptationsAdaptations—Any—Any adaptations translations you you create create should should carry carry the thefollowing following disclaimer: disclaimer: ThisThis is isan an adaptation adaptation of anof anoriginal original Work Work © Asian © Asian Development Development Bank Bank[Year]. [Year]. The views The viewsexpressed expressed here are here those are of the authors and do notthose necessarily of the authors reflect theand views do not and necessarily policies of reflectADB or theits Board views ofand Governors policies orof theADB governments or its Board they of Governorsrepresent. ADBor the does not endorse thisgovernments work or guarantee they represent. the accuracy ADB of does the data not endorseincluded thisin this work publication or guarantee and accepts the accuracy no responsibility of the data for included any consequence in this of their use.publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. PleasePlease contact contact [email protected] [email protected] or [email protected] [email protected] if you if haveyou have questions questions or comments or comments with respect with respect to content, or if you wish toto obtain content, copyright or if you permission wish to obtain for your copyright intended permission use that does for not your fall intended within these use terms,that does or for not permission fall within to these use the terms, ADB logo. or for permission to use the ADB logo. Notes: In this publication, “$” refers to US dollars. Note: ADBIn this recognizes publication, “China” “$” refers as the to People’s US dollars. Republic of China. Printed on recycled paper iii Contents Figures, Tables, Boxes, and Maps v Foreword vi Acknowledgments viii Executive Summary ix Abbreviations xvii I. Introduction 1 II. National Trends and Challenges in Lake Water Pollution Control and Protection 4 A. Water Quality of Lakes 4 B. Sources of Water Pollution 5 C. Approach to Water Pollution Control 9 III. Chao Lake: A Promising Case Study 11 A. The Watershed 11 B. Socioeconomic Profile 12 C. Water Pollution Profile 15 D. The Macro View: Bringing Factors Together 26 E. New Strategies for Cleaning Up Chao Lake 27 IV. International Experiences 32 A. Lake Biwa, Japan: Standard Bearer in Industrial Pollution Control 33 B. Murray–Darling Basin Authority, Australia: A National Authority Relies on Local Implementation 35 C. United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Maximum Daily Load System 37 D. Wales, United Kingdom: Integration of River Basin Management and Spatial Planning 39 E. Conclusion 41 iv Contents V. Observations and Recommendations for Strengthening Chao Lake Strategy 42 A. Strengthening the Master Plan 42 B. Strengthening the Chao Lake Management Authority 43 C. Research Data to Inform and Sustain Reforms 44 D. Capacity Development Under Way 46 VI. Policy Directions from Chao Lake Experience 47 A. Pollution Prevention and Control 47 B. Development of a Policy Framework for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control 48 C. Formulation of Legal and Institutional Reforms
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