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Uit Uitenhage Uitgeskop Judy Chalmers and Lou-Ann Parsons 46 sash June /WW uit uitenhage uitgeskop judy Chalmers and lou-ann parsons Uitenhage*$ black townships. Langa and KwaNobuhle. have lived and suffered through the Langa Massacre, the removal of 40 000 people and the violence engendered hy an unrestrained vigilante force- Judy Chalmers and Lou-Ann Parsons relate these facts to the implacable execution of apartheid policy and pinpoint the steps hy which the state overrode the efforts of the Langa community to forestall removal and control its destiny. itenhage is an industrial town throughout South Africa; rejection of ministrator in its stead* These officials Usituated in the Eastern Cape Community Councils, school and con­ served eviction notices on 426 shack- some 20 km from Pon Elizabeth. Its sumer boycotts, the Slate of Emer­ owners - but actual removal required a economic Hie is heavily dependent on gency, and so on. The Langa massacre court order, for which the KTC ap­ the motor industry. For residents of of 21 March 1985 has been reported in plied, the two black townships. Langa and SASH (Vol 28. No. IK The focus here The community mobilised, elect­ KwaNobuhle. this has meant oppor­ is on the forced removal of Langa resi­ ing the Langa Co-ordinating Commit­ tunities to perfect negotiating and or­ dents and on the violence and social tee to represent its interests in ganisational skills in the strong unions dislocation which have ensued. negotiations with the KTC. Protection at their place of work: but it has also of the Kabah residents was part of a meant acute vulnerability, in a dc- broader goal: to prevent the relocation pressed economy, to retrenchments Langa Prior to the Removal of (he entire Langa community to and poverty. KwaNobuhle. Further eviction no* The small white community has Kabah, the poorest section of tices were served while a battle to shown itself lo be a politically conser­ langa Township, lay closest to the avert the court orders was waged. vative group, nervous of the huge while residential areas of Uitenhage. The people of Kabah lived in con­ townships on its doorstep. The 'col­ One reaction of the white community ditions of extreme poverty, lacking oured' group has Allan Hendrickse as to the Langa massacre was to draw up adequate water, sewerage, clinics and its member of Parliament and has not a petition, signed by 350 residents of so cm. but their arguments for staying been seen to lake a strong anti-govern­ neighbouring Levy vale, calling for the were the same as those ol other Langa ment stand on crucial issues affecting removal of the Kabah shack dwellers. residents. As later surveys showed, blacks. Hie black community, on the This matter came before the KwaNo­ they were united in feeling that Kwa­ other hand, like others in the Eastern buhle Town Council In 1983 the Nobuhle was too far from town for Cape, is know to be both highly pol­ KTC had assumed administrative con­ work and work-seeking (transport iticised and militant. trol of both Langa and KwaNobuhle. costs are very high); rents were higher Early in 1985, when the original 16- in KwaNobuhle and Langa was far In some respects the experiences of person Council was rejected by the more convenient to the hospital and Uitenhage's blacks during the past community, the slate had been obliged existing schools. The LCC demanded five years represent a microcosm of to appoint a white Town Clerk and Ad­ the upgrade of Langa. the release of black experience under apartheid sash June /ftW 47 Kabah: The vals began in Kabah. the authorities remains of a once employed (he increased powers af­ thriving forded them by the new State of Emer­ community. The gency virtually to seal off the township white suburb of from the press and others. Neverthe­ tA'vywic is risible in ihe background. less, it soon became clear that remo­ vals were proceeding throughout Langa Township, The KTC main­ tained that - apart from the two areas of Kabah and Kamesh Road, which were affected by court orders - people were moving voluntarily and were not being forced in any way. The realities of the situation were that the Municipal Police (newly formed and supported by the SAP and SADF) were busy nightly from 11 pm, waking the people earmarked for removal, Large floodlights were in­ stalled and loudhailers were used to order people to break down their shacks. Huge trucks roared through the night, carrying the belongings of those who had broken down their homes. Intimidation strategies such as knocking holes in walls, breaking down doors, foul and abusive lan­ guage and drunken behaviour were al­ leged by frightened and desperate residents, On one day. 30 July, more than 150 people came to the Uitenhage Advice Office to give statements which, ii was hoped, their lawyer could use to halt the removals. detained leaders, the right 10 hold the Langa community stood firm. The lawyer went to see MrCoetzec. meetings and the right to live where The LCC's upgrade project had Town Clerk of the KTC, and was as­ ihey chose. (Ii must be borne in mind been placed in the hands of Dr Michael sured that people would not be forced that throughout this period repression Sutcliffe, a lecturer in the Department to move against their will Printed by the Security Forces was very of Town and Regional Planning at the statements to this effect were issued by severe: numerous affidavits alleging University of Natal, In his report, en­ the lawyer to the crowd awaiting the police brutality in Uitenhage had been titled 'Langa: the Case for Upgrade'. outcome of this interview. However, sent to the authorities at the beginning Sutcliffe concluded that upgrade was before they had even reached home, of the year and a State of Emergency possible, both technically and socially police had confiscated many of the had been imposed.) and that it had broad community sup­ papers, laughing and tearing them up. Many people were arrested for ques­ Before long, the LCC/KTC nego­ port. It was followed by the Planact Report which proposed a two-stage tioning. The intimidation continued tiations broke down. As Mark Swill­ and fear was everywhere. ing, an academic from the University plan requiring R3.5-million for emer­ of the Witwatcrsrand, put it in his gency services and R12 million for By November, Langa was almost paper (Langa; Protest. Urban Change full upgrading. I-caving aside the cost empty (all that remains is a section of and Defeat, 19X6): 'for the KTC. in human suffering, the policy which brick houses, called McNaughton, negotiations were seen as useful only the government pursued was to prove whose occupants are also earmarked lo the extent that ihey could implement infinitely more costly in purely mon­ for removal). In its place a tent town their own pre-conceived plans/ etary terms: R 13-million for the of almost 50 (MX) people - 40 000 from forced removal process alone, before Langa and another 10000 from Des­ When this intention was thwarted the provision of a permanent infra­ by the LCC. that had no mandate to patch - had grown up in KwaNobuhle. structure at the new site had even It is called Tyoksville (derived from compromise the squatters" demands, begun. ihe KTC officials used their power to the word \Shacksville*). terminate the negotiations*, At one stage they put pressure on ihe com­ munity by offering to investigate Removal of Kabah and Langa The Tent Town Langa's upgrade if the Kabah squat­ ters would move voluntarily to Kwa- On the night of 14 July 1986 • two The tents issued to families at Nobuhle. This offer was rejected and weeks before the court order - remo­ Tyoksville were small. Many saw* 48 Mah/ifw/Ms their furniture ruined as it slood out in township. On a visit to Tyoksville in conditions under which people live ihe rain. Water was provided in rub* November 1987, we found no evi­ create social pressures within com­ ber containers which were open at the dence of any significant change in the munities that foster conflict and en­ top and meant to serve at least ten conditions there. Some work was courage opportunism. The State is families. Sanitaiion facilities con­ going on: bulldozers were digging quick to take advantage of divisions sisted of plastic bucket toilets - too few trenches for water pipes, four satellite which, in a normal society, could be in number, so flimsy that they blew clinics had been erected and a few resolved by public debate and meet­ over in the wind, and SO irregularly streets were tarred. But the hillside ings between dissenting groups* emptied that residents often had to was enveloped in red dust and Divisions were present in the trade empty them in the bosh. There was no everyone we spoke to longed for union movement organising the local drainage system. As feared, the bus Langa. fare from KwaNobuhle 10 Uitenhage (RL60 return) was more than most people could afford. Ii was reported that many, many people are sick here' and many, due to sickness and other Vigilante Action in causes. lost their jobs. KwaNobuhle The KTC Administrator, Barry Erasmus, promised that improvements would be made* With clinics, ambul­ ance and telephone services, sanitary and drainage systems and so on. the tent town would become a model The rums that remain of ihe Despatch community. and (below/ Despatch residents trying to erect new homes. --: >VV*:>"/ ••MWVI BH • •-- M:-:;:* • MSh JuntlWH 49 motor industry. Rivalries became members joined the Africanist move­ maimings at the hands of Ama-Afrika. more pronounced in civic structures ment led by Ebenezer Maqina in Port Some of those attacked have re* after the UDF was formed: its success Elizabeth and a youth section of the sponded in kind, and many UDFacliv- seems to have caused anxiety to (hose movement, calling itself AZANYU ists have left KwaNobuhle and sought who adhered to the Africanist tradition (A/anian Youth Unity), was or­ safety in Port Elizabeth.
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