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Look at This Picture Can You Identify Which Groups These People Represent? June 11, 2009

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June 11, 2009 Look at this picture can you identify which groups these people represent? June 11, 2009 I. French Revolution (1789-1815) A. Most important b/c 1. France was powerful 2. more populated 3. its ideas spread widely June 11, 2009 B. Long-Term Causes 1. Estate System (see wksht) a) 1st estate = Roman Catholic Clergy (i) Both upper and lower clergy (ii) Only 1% of population but owned 5-10% of land (iii)freedom from taxes (iv) collected Tithe- 10% tax on each church member and used to support church June 11, 2009 B. Long-Term Causes 1. Estate System (see wksht) a) 1st estate = Roman Catholic Clergy (i) Both upper and lower clergy (ii) Only 1% of population but owned 5-10% of land (iii)freedom from taxes (iv) collected Tithe- 10% tax on each church member and used to support church June 11, 2009 Palace of Versailles June 11, 2009 Hall of Mirrors: Palace of Versailles June 11, 2009 Royal Chapel June 11, 2009 b) Second estate = French nobility (i) Only 2% of population and owned 25% of land in France (ii) Enjoyed many privileges (iii)Held high posts in government and military (iv) free from taxes (v) Income came from feudal dues June 11, 2009 c)Third Estate (i) 98% of population (9 out of 10 people in France) (ii) peasants, artisans and bourgeoisie or middle class (iii)Possessed few political rights (iv) Taxed heavily by king, 1st and 2nd estates June 11, 2009 This image of peasants repairing a cart demonstrates both the hard work done by cultivators and their fragile economic situation, which could easily be imperiled by a broken cart. Under such circumstances, poor people constantly repaired durable and personal goods, such as carts or clothing, because they could not afford to replace them with new ones. June 11, 2009 How has this graph effected life in the United States? This can be similar for French peasants and bread prices! June 11, 2009 What do these two charts show about equality in pre- revoultionary France. June 11, 2009 Ticket out of the door! A one to two sentence summary of this French estate system. June 11, 2009 C. Short-Term Causes (last 20-30 years before) 1. financial crisis a. deficit spending = when a gov't spends more than it takes in and results in debt i. @ Palace of Versailles = 6% ii. foreign wars = 25% b. gov't has to raise taxes 2. problems for 3rd estate a. cost of living increased i. bad harvests drove food prices up ii. taxes increased iii. wages stayed the same June 11, 2009 III. 1789: The Revolution Begins A. Estates General May, 1789 1.reps from 3 estates each estate had 1 vote 2.called on to debate key issues a)who should be free? st nd b) Privileges of 1 + 2 estates c)was slavery justified? rd 3.3 estate also had list of problems or cahiers 4.by June 17th, 3rd estate quit June 11, 2009 B. National Assembly = formed by 3rd estate met on Tennis Court @ Versailles June 20th C. Attack on Bastille 1.protests b/c Necker fired 2.protests led to mobs + violence 3.by July 14th the armed mob clashed w/ French army June 11, 2009 Tennis Court Oath June 11, 2009 July, 14th 1789: Fall of Bastille June 11, 2009 D. French Constitution 1.August 4th decrees + Declaration of the Rights of Man + Citizen 2.above influenced by a)U.S. Declaration of Rights + Constitution b) English Bill of Rights c)Enlightenment ideas E. Early Goals 1.est. democratic reforms 2.encouraged freedoms June 11, 2009 August 4th Decrees Article 1. The National Assembly abolishes the feudal system entirely. They declare that among feudal and taxable rights and duties, the ones concerned with real or personal succession right and personal servitude and the ones that represent them are abolished with no compensation. All others are declared redeemable, and the price and the method of buying them back will be set by the National Assembly. The rights that will not be suppressed by this decree will continue to be collected until they are entirely paid back. Summary: June 11, 2009 Article 2. The exclusive right of allowing birds to graze and dovecotes is abolished. The pigeons will be locked up during times determined by the communities. During these periods, they will be considered prey, and anyone will be allowed to kill them on their properties. Summary: June 11, 2009 Article 3. The exclusive right of hunting is also abolished. Any landlord has the right to destroy or have someone destroy any king of prey, but only on the land he owns. All administrative districts, even royal, that are hunting preserves, under any denomination, are also abolished. The preservation of the King's personal pleasures will be provided--as long as properties and freedoms are respected. Summary: June 11, 2009 Article 4. All feudal justices are abolished with no compensation. Nevertheless the officers of these offices will go on with their duties until the National Assembly decides on a new judicial order. Article 5. Any kind of tithes and fees, under any denomination that they are known or collected ...are abolished... other tithes, whatever they are, can be bought back... Summary: June 11, 2009 6. All perpetual loans...can be bought back. Any kind of harvest share can also be bought back. 7. Venality (considered corrupt) of judicial fees and municipal offices is abolished. Justice will be dispensed at no cost. And nevertheless officers holding these offices shall fulfill their duties and be paid until the assembly finds a way to reimburse them. Summary: June 11, 2009 8. County priests' casual offerings are abolished and the priests will not be paid anymore. 9. Financial, personal, or real privileges are abolished forever. Every citizen will pay the same taxes on everything. 10. Every specific privilege of provinces, principalities, regions, districts, cities and communities of inhabitants, either in the form of money or otherwise, are abolished. 11. Every citizen, whatever their origins are, can hold any religious, civilian, or military jobs. Summary: June 11, 2009 American French Rev Rev June 11, 2009 Complete this sentence..... The goals of the early French Revolution were... June 11, 2009 IV. The Revolution Radicalizes A. Political Clubs 1.Jacobins “Friends of the Constitution” a) desired liberal change b) saw themselves as defenders of rev. 2.Girondihts a) more conservative/moderate b) wanted to protect wealthy middle class June 11, 2009 Political Spectrum Radical Liberal Moderate Conservative Reactionary Open to Extreme Favors Maintaining Return to small Changes Some status quo past changes Changes Drill offshore Jacobins replace king Talk w/ full democracy to IRAN "Plain" create Invade Girondihts limited IRAN monarchy June 11, 2009 Symbol of Unity June 11, 2009 June 11, 2009 June 11, 2009 Louis XVI's Execution June 11, 2009 Death of Marat June 11, 2009 Please Place these events in correct chronological order... Estates General called to meet Earliest Tennis Court Oath Fall of Bastille August 4th Decrees Louis XVI guillotined Last June 11, 2009 French Rev Quiz Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. June 11, 2009 June 11, 2009 Please Place these events in correct chronological order... Earliest Estates General called to meet Tennis Court Oath Fall of Bastille August 4th Decrees Louis XVI guillotined Last June 11, 2009 June 11, 2009 B. Reign of Terror 1792-1794 1. led by Jacobins + Robespierre 2. goal to defend the revolution's ideals 3. est. Committee of Public Safety a. dev. Universal Education b. taught agricultural skills c. introduced wage + price controls d. abolished slavery e. levee en masse or conscription/draft f. identified + punished enemies of rev 4. June 11, 2009 June 11, 2009 Gulliotine June 11, 2009 Percentage of Victims of the Terror by Class 1st Estate 8% 2nd Estate 10% 3rd Estate 82% Does this percentage surprise you? Why? June 11, 2009 June 11, 2009 C. Directory 1795-1804 1. wrote another constitution 2. est. new gov't system w/ a. bicameral or 2 house legislature b. executive power = directorate of 5 ppl including Napoleon 3. results a. ended universal male suffrage + only male landowners could vote b. ppl hated gov't + it used army to enforce rules June 11, 2009 Napoleon June 11, 2009 June 11, 2009 Defeat in Russia June 11, 2009 June 11, 2009 Napoleon's House on St Helena June 11, 2009 Foreign Exchange Letter You are an American foreign exchange student living in France from 1789-1799 and you are writing a letter back to your family in America describing what you are seeing and hearing. Estate General (May-June 1789) Tennis Court Oath (June 1789) Fall of Bastille (July 14th, 1789) August 4th Decrees (1789) Execution of Louis XVI (Jan. 21st, 1793) Reign of Terror (1792-1794) June 11, 2009 French Revolution What % of income did a person in the Third Estate pay in taxes? How does the tax burden of the Third Estate compare to that of the second estate? How is this taxation unfair to the third estate? June 11, 2009 There were other causes of the French Revolution besides the tax system. Pair up! How many can you list in the next 120 seconds? -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- June 11, 2009 There were other causes of the French Revolution besides the tax system. Pair up! How many can you list in the next 120 seconds? -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- June 11, 2009 With partner 1. RT: Chpt. 22 Sect. 4 pgs. 574-578 Q = 1,3,4 (Cromwell look up pg. 539) June 11, 2009 "When France catches a cold all of Europe sneezes." Prince Von Klemens Metternich Analyze this quote what does it mean? June 11, 2009 Europe in 1789 Europe in 1812 June 11, 2009 Europe in 1789 June 11, 2009 Europe in 1812 June 11, 2009 French Revolution Intervention Positives Negatives.
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