Education in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «ОРЛОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ И.С. ТУРГЕНЕВА» А.П. Александрова EDUCATION IN THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND Part II Учебное пособие для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов Орёл – 2018 1 УДК 811.111(075.8) + 37(410) Печатается по решению редакционно- ББК Ш143.21я73 «Страноведение» издательского совета ФГБОУ ВО + Ч34 (4 Вел) «Орловский государственный А465 университет имени И.С. Тургенева» Протокол №8 от 24.05.2018г. Рецензенты: доктор филологических наук, профессор кафедры английской филологии Орловского государственного университета имени И.С. Тургенева Л.П. Семененко; кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных и русского языков Орловского юридического института Министерства внутренних дел Российской Федерации имени В.В. Лукьянова В.Н. Шашкова А465 Александрова А.П. Education in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Образование в Соединенном Королевстве Великобритании и Северной Ирландии), часть 2: учебное пособие для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов / А.П. Александрова. – Орёл: ФГБОУ ВО «ОГУ им. И.С. Тургенева». – 2018. – 91 с. Вторая часть пособия по системе образования в Соединенном Королевстве Великобритании и Северной Ирландии представляет собой лингвострановедческий тематический словарь по избранной теме. Словарь содержит наиболее важные и интересные реалии, описывающие факты из истории развития системы образования страны, акты, повлиявшие на становление и развитие этой системы, знаменитые учебные заведения, реалии, связанные с иными аспекты системы образования, а также тематическую лексику. Предназначено студентам языковых вузов для самостоятельной подготовки к практическим занятиям по дисциплинам «История и география стран изучаемого языка (Великобритании и США)» и «Культура стран первого изучаемого языка (Великобритании и США)». Может быть полезным для преподавателей вузов и школьных учителей, ведущих практический курс английского языка, студентов педагогических вузов, а также для всех, кто владеет достаточными навыками чтения на английском языке и интересуется вопросами страноведения Великобритании. © Александрова А.П. 2 Foreword The second part of the manual on the education system in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a linguistic and cultural thematic dictionary, which helps to understand the texts suggested in the first part, and simplifies the work with it. The dictionary presents the most important and interesting realities describing the facts from the history of the development of the country’s education system, the acts that influenced the formation and development of this system, famous educational institutions, and the realities associated with other aspects of the education system, as well as thematic vocabulary. The dictionary has 405 entries in alphabetical order. It is intended for students of language universities who study the history and culture of the English speaking countries. It can be useful for university teachers and school teachers who conduct practical English courses, students of pedagogical universities, as well as for those who have sufficient reading skills in English and are interested in the UK studies. 3 Education tells you what are you and why you are here. Education is just a name of adopting good, kind behaviour and a way to speak politely. Great knowledge does not mean that one is so educated but his actions are the symbols of being educated. 4 Absence the state or condition of being away or not А present that is marked in register (a book with a list of the pupils’ full names, addresses and dates of Abbreviation a shortened birth) by teacher. form of a word or phrase used in Academic lacking headings, lists which gives a immediate practical value; slipshod impression and shows a theoretical. lack of respect for the teacher who Academic a person is to mark the work; it is usually engaged in academic work, either used in headings, lists, and so on. university teaching or research, or Abbotsholme School a both. It is a broad term and is only prestigious coed public school in used in certain situations, to Staffordshire, founded in 1889. distinguish those engaged in Cecil Reddie, the Scottish university work from those in academic and educationist, other spheres of activity, such as established it as an experiment for industry, or politics. his progressive educational Academician a member of philosophies and theories. The an academy. The term usually school was opened to boys aged refers in practice to members of 10 to 19. From the very foreign academies, such as the beginning, the school departed French Academy, or the Soviet from the structure of the Academy of Sciences. traditional public school in favour Academic tenure of a less rigid environment and primarily intended to guarantee more liberal education. Top the right to academic freedom: it hats and “Eton collars” were protects teachers and researchers abandoned in favour of a more when they dissent from prevailing comfortable and practical opinion, openly disagree with uniform, and English, French and authorities of any sort, or spend German were taught in place time on unfashionable topics. of Classics (Latin and Greek). The Thus academic tenure is similar to fine arts were introduced as core the lifetime tenure that protects subjects, which was unusual at some judges from external that time as music and art were pressure. Without job security, the mostly taught at cathedral schools scholarly community as a whole or specialist art institutes. might favor “safe” lines of Practical skills such as animal inquiry. The intent of tenure is to husbandry and carpentry were allow original ideas to be more integrated into the curriculum. It likely to arise, by giving scholars has been coeducational since the intellectual autonomy to 1969; girls now make up over one investigate the problems and third of pupil numbers. solutions about which they are 5 most passionate, and to report College and their affiliate their honest conclusions. In schools. Edward Alleyn economies where higher education established his “College of God’s is provided by the private sector, Gift” with twelve pupils. Alleyn’s tenure also has the effect of School is a direct descendant of helping to ensure the integrity of Edward Alleyn’s original the grading system. Without foundation and was established as tenure, professors could be a boys’ school in 1882. It still pressured by administrators to exists as part of a foundation issue higher grades for attracting alongside Dulwich College and and keeping a greater number of JAGS; it split with Dulwich students. College after the “Dulwich Academic year the period College Act” of 1857, with the of a year in which school, college upper school of the original or university courses run. In foundation moving to a new site Britain the academic year usually further south and the lower school begins in September or October staying put, becoming an and ends in July or June, with independent boys’ school in 1882 holidays at Christmas and Easter. and later also moving to its own Academy an institution of site. learning, often private or Allhallows College, specialized. previously known as Allhallows Adam Charles Roberts School was an independent public (born 30 June 1965) is an school for boys in Devon. academic, critic and British Predominantly a boarding school, science fiction and fantasy but with some day boys, it was novelist. He teaches English founded in Honiton about 1515, literature and creative moved to a new home writing at Royal Holloway, at Rousdon in the 1930s, and was University of London. closed in 1998, after a fall in the After-school activities number of boys had led to a those which are not part of the financial crisis. Around 1970 the curriculum such as clubs, choirs, school became one of the first dramatic productions, educational public schools to admit girls and it visits. prospered into the 1980s. Alleyn’s School a However, in the 1990s it went into coeducational public school in a decline, with the number of London, founded in 1619. It is a pupils decreasing significantly, registered charity and was from almost 300 to fewer than originally part of the Alleyn’s half that number. One reason for College of God’s Gift charitable this may have been the school’s foundation, which also remote location, at a time when included James Allen’s Girls’ parents expected to see a lot more School (JAGS) , Dulwich of their children than had been 6 traditional in the old public school University of Edinburgh – era. founded 1583 (Scotland) Almonry school medieval University of Dublin – founded English monastic charity school 1592 (Ireland; only ancient supported by a portion of the university outside the UK) funds allocated to the almoner. Due to their sheer age and The practice began in the early continuous academic and 14th century when a form of scientific output, all of the ancient scholarship was established that universities are very reputable. provided attendance at the The two top universities in UK, cathedral school, housing, and which are continuously found in food for boys at least 10 years old first and second place of the who could sing and read. They British league tables, are Oxford sang in the cathedral choir and and Cambridge. Together they are acted as page boys to the monks. known as Oxbridge and share a Their teachers were the secular century