DOCSLIB.ORG

Psychotherapy Volume 37/Winter 2000/Number 4

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Psychotherapy Volume 37/Winter 2000/Number 4 Psychotherapy Volume 37/Winter 2000/Number 4 EVOLVING PSYCHOTHERAPY INTEGRATION: ECLECTIC SELECTION AND PRESCRIPTIVE APPLICATIONS OF COMMON FACTORS IN THERAPY GEORGIOS K. LAMPROPOULOS Ball State University Since its inception 65 years ago, the (SEPI) presently numbers hundreds of members psychotherapy integrationmovement has in several countries (SEPI, 1999) and has gener- undergone much development along its ated more than 150 training programs, courses, and workshops in psychotherapy integration major thrusts: technical eclecticism, worldwide (Norcross & Kaplan, 1995). A general common factors, and theoretical satisfaction with the movement has been reported integration. Based on findings from in a recent survey of its membership (Figured decades of exploration of psychotherapy & Norcross, 1996), and a proposal to replace integration, this article attempts to "Exploration" with "Evolution" in the society's advance the tide was recently considered. movement one step further What exactly has been explored so far? In sum, by (a) reviewing the pros and cons of major areas of attention have been (a) the theoreti- eclecticism and common factors, and cal integration route; (b) the technical eclecticism (b) integrating the two approaches into route; (c) the common factors approach; (d) the a new conceptual scheme. The new assimilative integration route; (e) the empirically integrative scheme aspires to improve supported (manualized) treatments (ESTs) move- ment (as a form of eclecticism); (f) the develop- treatment selection and application, as ment of integrative treatments for specific disor- well as facilitate integrative training ders and specific populations; (g) the development and research. of integrative-eclectic systems of treatment selec- tion, and the integrative exploration of psycho- therapy case formulation methods; and (h) train- Introduction: Celebrating the Evolution of the ing and supervision in eclectic and integrative Psychotherapy Integration Movement therapies (all reviewed in Gold, 1996; Hawkins The psychotherapy integration movement has & Nestoros, 1997; Lampropoulos, in press-a; an unofficial history of more than 65 years, and Norcross & Goldfried, 1992; Stricker & Gold, an official presence since 1983. The Society for 1993; see also Nestoros & Vallianatou, 1990). the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration Initial explorations have been conducted in all these areas of integrative focus. While develop- ments in integrative theory, practice, and research are clearly evident, definitive answers are not An earlier version of this article was the recipient of the available for most integrative questions. Fourteen Psychotherapy Division of the American Psychological Asso- years after the 1986 National Institute of Mental ciation's Freedheim Student Development Award. Health (NIMH) conference issued research rec- The author is thankful to the anonymous reviewers for their ommendations for the society (Wolfe & Gold- comments, as well as to Carol Chalk for her assistance with the English language. fried, 1988), many of the designated areas of Correspondence regarding this article should be addressed research have not yet received appropriate atten- to Georgios K. Lampropoulos, Department of Counseling tion. Obviously, the end of the exploration era Psychology and Guidance Services, Teachers College 622, is more distant than integrationists might wish. Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306. E-mail: Nevertheless, a period of evaluation, redefinition, [email protected] and empirical research in the application of integ- 285 Georgios K. Lampropoulos rative therapies and ideas is necessary for the move- decades (Grencavage & Norcross, 1990). The ment to evolve (Beitman, 1994; Norcross, 1997). major advantage of this approach is that it focuses This author, along with others in the field, be- on the "heart and soul of change," that is, the lieves that future efforts of the society should most important factors associated with positive focus on (a) theory-driven programmatic aptitude outcomes in various therapies (for detailed de- by treatment interaction (ATI)' research focusing scriptions see the edition by Hubble, Duncan, & on small intervention packages rather than whole Miller, 1999a). Lambert (1992; Asay & Lambert, therapies (Beutler, 1991; Shoham & Rohrbaugh, 1999) estimates that only 15% of change can be 1995); (b) the development and empirical testing attributed to specific techniques used by various of integrative models of psychotherapy for spe- therapies (with some exceptions); the other 85% cific populations, preferably against theoretically of clients' improvement can be attributed to fac- pure ESTs (Goldfried & Wolfe, 1998); (c) the tors such as the therapeutic relationship, placebo development, evaluation, and dissemination of effects, and other client factors. integrative-eclectic psychotherapy training; and Proponents of this thrust have offered different (d) the development of integrative-eclectic sys- lists of common factors to be followed in clinical tematic treatment-selection methods. practice. Among them are common factors mod- The improvement of integrative treatment- els proposed by Garfield (1986), Beitman (1992), selection systems is the focus of this article. The Frank and Frank (1991), Arkowitz (1992), Orlin- plethora and diversity of integrative developments sky and Howard (1987), and Weinberger (1993). and findings mentioned above raises a need for Commonly cited common factors include the ther- an organizational scheme to guide integrative cli- apeutic alliance, empathy and support, positive nicians. This organization is necessary, consider- expectations about therapy, emotional catharsis, ing that the integration movement is experiencing problem exploration and insight, exposure and a problem that it meant to address in the first confrontation of the problem, and learning of new place: the proliferation of different therapeutic behaviors (Grencavage & Norcross, 1990). This models, now in the form of various integrative- author counts at least a dozen psychotherapy re- eclectic approaches (Lazarus, in Lazarus & Mes- search programs that continue to provide data on ser, 1991). To organize the existing integrative common factors worldwide (for more on research clinical findings, integration within the integra- issues see Castonguay, 1993; Goldfried, 1991; tion movement is attempted here. Specifically, an Norcross, 1993a, 1995a). In addition, authors effort to integrate two of the major thrusts of who review common factors in therapy usually psychotherapy integration (i.e., common factors conclude that therapists should incorporate and and eclecticism) follows. The proposed integra- emphasize those common factors in their practice, tion is also fueled by the need to compensate in order to enhance clinical effectiveness (e.g., for existing weaknesses of eclecticism and the Asay & Lambert, 1999; Fischer, Jome, & Atkin- common factors approach (reviewed below). son, 1998; Hubble, Duncan, & Miller, 1999b). Examples of how common factors can be em- Common Factors and Eclecticism as Guiding ployed in therapy are also available (e.g., Hubble Systems in Therapy et al., 1999b). Other authors add that a combina- tion of The Common FactorsApproach: Pros and Cons common and specific factors might be necessary for optimal therapeutic effects (e.g., The common factors approach has been pro- Beitman, 1992; Lambert, 1992). Clearly, com- posed as a guiding model to describe clinical prac- mon factors do exist and are important contribu- tice in terms of ingredients common in all thera- tors to therapeutic outcome. They also appear to pies, despite the varying terminology that is used. be the major explanation for the Dodo birdverdict It has been identified as one of the major routes (i.e., that all therapies produce equivalent out- to psychotherapy integration and one of the most comes; Lambert & Bergin, 1994; Luborsky, important trends in psychotherapy in the last few 1995; Luborsky, Singer, & Luborsky, 1975). Despite the obvious importance of common factors in therapy, several weaknesses exist in l Aptitude by treatment interactions can be found when this approach. In sum, (a) common factors are different interventions are matched to client variables ac- obscurely defined; (b) common factors in differ- cording to a clinically meaningful hypothesis. ent theories are not as similar as they are claimed 286 Eclectic Applications of Common Factors in Therapy to be; (c) common factors provide only a minimal in all phases of therapy, such as the phase of description of change (least common denomina- client vague awareness of the problem and the tor) that may overlook valuable clinical informa- phase where clients are attempting a new solu- tion; (d) common factors proposals are insensitive tion? Should support have the same form and to client, problem, and therapist individual differ- intensity in all phases of change? When should ences; (e) the proposed common factors are too it be alternated with challenge, interpretation, general and abstract to guide clinical practice (be- confrontation, and insight-oriented, exploratory cause of the aforementioned two weaknesses, interventions? Is support equally necessary for all i.e., c and d); and (f) common factors are often types of clients (e.g., clients with strong vs. poor erroneously considered sufficient change agents; social support systems, constrictive and inter- some specific factors and effects also exist (see nalizing vs. impulsive and externalizing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Submission 89
    February 20, 2019 EFT Publications — Articles 1. Johnson, S.M. (2019). "Attachment in Action — Changing the face of 21st century couple therapy." Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 101-104. 2. Feeney, J., & Fitzgerald, J. (2019). "Attachment, conflict and relationship quality: laboratory-based and clinical insights." Current Opinion in Psychology, 25, 127-131. 3. Wittenborn, A.K., Liu, T., Ridenour, T.A., Lachmar, E.M., Rouleau, E., & Seedall, R.B. (2018). "Randomized controlled trial of emotionally focused couple therapy compared to treatment as usual for depression: Outcomes and mechanisms of change." Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12350. 4. Kennedy, N.W., Johnson, S.M., Wiebe, S.A., Willett, J.B., & Tasca, G.A. (2018). "Conversations for Connection: An Outcome Assessment of the Hold-Me-Tight Relationship-Education Program for Couples, and Recommendations for Improving Future Research Methodology in Relationship Education." Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. Published online 23 Sept 2018. DOI: 10.1111/jmft12356. 5. Wiebe, S.A., Elliott, C., Johnson, S.M., Burgess Moser, M., Dalgleish, T.L., Lafontaine, M-F., & Tasca, G.A. (2018). "Attachment Change in Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy and Sexual Satisfaction Outcomes in a Two-year Follow-up Study." Journal of Couple and Relationship Therapy. Published online 29 Dec 2018. DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2018.1481799. 6. Lesch, E., de Bruin, K., & Anderson, C. (2018). "A Pilot Implementation of the Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy Group Psycho-education Program in a South African Setting." Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 17(4), 313-337. 7. Slootmaeckers, J., & Migerode, L. (2018). "Fighting for Connection: Patterns of Intimate Partner Violence." Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 17(4), 294-312.
    [Show full text]
  • A Common Factors Approach to Psychotherapy Training
    Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2000 A Common Factors Approach to Psychotherapy Training Louis G. Castonguay1,2 This article addresses training in psychotherapy integration from the perspec- tive of common factors. Problems related to this training perspective are first reviewed. As an attempt to deal with such problems, current teaching and supervision efforts by the author are briefly described. Based on a develop- mental model of clinical learning, a sketch of a more comprehensive program of integrative psychotherapy training is advanced. KEY WORDS: psychotherapy training; psychotherapy integration; common factors In the recent past, the exploration and evolution of psychotherapy integration has followed three relatively distinct paths: the development of integrative theories, the identification of prescriptive and eclectic ap- proaches, and the search for common factors (Arkowitz, 1989). The primary goal of individuals interested in common factors (the ‘‘commonians’’) is to identify robust mechanisms of change that cut across different orientations in order eventually to develop more effective treatments based on these mechanisms (Grencavage & Norcross, 1990). Specifically, the commonians are interested in discovering what takes place within the major forms of psychotherapy. Are psychodynamic thera- pists really abiding by the golden rules of psychoanalytic principles? Are Rogeriens always nondirective? Are they nondirective at all? Is behavior therapy, to use Locke’s (1971) provocative words, really behavioristic? The consensus in the field is that there exist significant differences between 1Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State Universiy, University Park, Pennsylvania. 2Correspondence should be directed to Louis G. Castonguay, Ph.D., Department of Psychol- ogy, 308 Moore Bldg. Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16803; e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Formulation: a Multiperspective Model*
    Formulation: A Multiperspective Model* PRIYANTHY WEERASEKERA, B.A., M.Ed., M.D. l This paper presents a model offormulation that can be tors can interact under certain conditions to produce a specific used by psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. condition or phenomenon, which can be expressed biologi- A review ofthe literature indicates a needfora more compre- cally, psychologically and systemically; the mode of expres- hensive approach that can accommodate a variety ofperspec- sion does not infer a specific etiology. A comprehensive tives, suggest treatment and can be easily recalled. These formulation therefore needs to carefully examine all three issues are addressed by the multiperspective grid presented modes of expression. This new definition takes into account in this paper. the complex phenomena that must be considered to arrive at a comprehensive formulation, he teaching of case formulation to residents in psychiatry Over the past ten years, studies have provided the follow- Tdiffers from program to program, as well as within ing: survey information regarding the teaching offormulation programs, depending on the emphasis given to this area. in the various residency programs (4,5); a variety of psycho- Although educators may differ in their opinions of the useful- dynamic models of formulation that are being empirically ness of this exercise, residents struggle when asked to formu- studied (6,7); and three comprehensive models that include late a case. They present either an elaborate psychodynamic other non dynamic perspectives (3,5,8). Although these formulation or a superficial integration of the "biopsychoso- studies have refined the area of case formulation, their rele- cial" model.
    [Show full text]
  • MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENTS for ADOLESCENT/ADULT VICTIMS of SEXUAL ASSAULT: Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations
    MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENTS FOR ADOLESCENT/ADULT VICTIMS OF SEXUAL ASSAULT: Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations Leslie Miles, DNP, PMHNP-BC; Julie Valentine, PhD, RN, CNE, SANE-A; Linda Mabey, DNP, PMHCNS-BC; Elizabeth S. Hopkins, MLS, BS; Reilly Caten, RN; Alyssa Hildt, RN; Paige Stodtmeister, RN B R I G H A M Y O U N G U N I V E R S I T Y C O L L E G E O F N U R S I N G O C T O B E R 2 0 2 0 T R E A T M E N T S F O R A D O L E S C E N T / A D U L T V I C T I M S O F S E X U A L A S S A U L T | I 02 Abstract 03 Background 04 Neurobiology of Trauma 05 Responses to Sexual Assault Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 06 Treatment Overview Male, Minority and LGBTQ Victims 07 Prior Systematic Literature Review on Evidence-Based Therapies Post-Sexual Assault Current Systematic Literature Search 08 Methodology Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria 10 Systematic Review Results Participants Male, Minority and LGBTQ Study Participants 11 Mode of Therapy Delivery Outcome Measures 12 Characteristics of Therapeutic Interventions 13 Recommended Treatments for Systematic Review 14 Published Clinical Practice Guidelines Treatment Recommendations Psychotherapy 15 Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy (BEP) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) 16 Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) Control Mastery Therapy 17 Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) DBT with Prolonged Exposure (DBT-PE) Emotional Disclosure Therapy (EDT) Eye Movement Desensitization
    [Show full text]
  • Integrative Therapist
    Society for the Exploration THE Integrative Therapist of Psychotherapy Integration ARTICLES • INTERVIEWS • COMMENTARIES SEPIVolume 3, Issue 1 • January 2017 “IN THE TRENCHES” Mission Statement A Word From the Editor Jeffery Smith The Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Dear SEPI members Integration (SEPI) is an international, interdis- and friends, ciplinary organization whose aim is to promote We should all read this issue on the exploration and development of approaches the theme of integrative therapy to psychotherapy that integrate across theoretical “in the trenches.” Taken together, orientations, clinical practices, and diverse The sTories Told represenT, in a very methods of inquiry. n real form, the state of integrative psychotherapy in North America and Europe.. NoT only do They give poignant witness to the arduous process of becoming a thought- ful healer, they show how much room there is for those of us who have logged miles on the journey New York Botanical Garden Holiday Train Show Jeffery Smith to help those who are starting out. Editor Note that in this issue, SEPI’s Regional Networks are represented by no less than three articles. Richard Hanus shares the excitement at SEPI’s Regional Network in Prague. Maximilien Bachelart, founder of the Paris Regional Network, tells of his own pathway as well as the state of psychotherapy integration in France. Jan Rubal and Jana Kostínková proudly represent a second regional network from the Czech Republic. Moving Towards Convergence At the time of SEPI’s recent reorganization, we decided to retain the word “exploration” at the center of our name and identity. I am impatient.
    [Show full text]
  • Case Formulation and Treatment Planning in Psychotherapy: an Integrative Approach
    PRACTICAL AND PROFESSIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR CASE FORMULATION AND TREATMENT PLANNING IN PSYCHOTHERAPY: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH Lillian Nyagaya Counselor/ lecturer Egerton university Njoro INTRODUCTION Despite integrative case formulation being referred to as the core skill of a trained psychotherapists, and despite published attempts to explain what it is and how to do it, in practice, psychotherapists have difficulty developing these skills and have high degrees of uncertainty as to what is required .The challenge is not so much ascertaining what should be included in a formulation but rather linking it to the development of a comprehensive and individualized treatment plan.( Ingram ,L.B. 2006) . INTRODUCTION CONT This scenario leaves many therapists confused and frustrated, the result is that they try to integrate ideas from different models haphazardly and through trial and error or squeeze clients into their preferred formulation. The answer to this confusion is that one needs a specific set of skills that are not taught in graduate programmes- integrative case formulation the focus of this presentation. Introduction cont Further emphasis is put on learning to use the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition(DSM-IV-TR;American psychiatric association,2002) which leads to the faulty assumption that in diagnosis, a labeling ,categorization process with specific set of inclusion criteria ,is equivalent to case formulation. The message to “to choose an orientation‟‟ from well established theoretical approaches results in the adoption of a ready- made formulation that is choosen before the therapists lays eyes on a new client. Despite the evidence that most therapists combine ideas from different approaches and that no single model is comprehensive enough to incorporate biological, psychological, interpersonal and social factors in human functioning,.
    [Show full text]
  • Brief Eclectic Psychotherapy V. Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Randomised Controlled Trial Mirjam J
    The British Journal of Psychiatry (2012) 200, 224–231. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234 Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: randomised controlled trial Mirjam J. Nijdam, Berthold P. R. Gersons, Johannes B. Reitsma, Ad de Jongh and Miranda Olff Background Trauma-focused cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and eye symptom severity, but the response pattern indicated that movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy (EMDR) EMDR led to a significantly sharper decline in PTSD are efficacious treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms than brief eclectic psychotherapy, with similar (PTSD), but few studies have directly compared them using drop-out rates (EMDR: n = 20 (29%), brief eclectic well-powered designs and few have investigated response psychotherapy: n = 25 (36%)). Other outcome measures patterns. confirmed this pattern of results. Aims Conclusions To compare the efficacy and response pattern of a trauma- Although both treatments are effective, EMDR results in a focused CBT modality, brief eclectic psychotherapy for PTSD, faster recovery compared with the more gradual with EMDR (trial registration: ISRCTN64872147). improvement with brief eclectic psychotherapy. Method Declaration of interest Out-patients with PTSD were randomly assigned to brief A.d.J. teaches and supervises clinical psychologists and eclectic psychotherapy (n = 70) or EMDR (n = 70) and psychiatrists in psychological trauma and its treatment assessed at all sessions on self-reported PTSD (Impact of by means of seminars, workshops and conferences, for Event Scale – Revised). Other outcomes were clinician-rated which the participants pay a fee. He is also director PTSD, anxiety and depression.
    [Show full text]
  • An Integrative Approach to Counseling 1St Edition Pdf Free
    AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH TO COUNSELING 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Robert G Santee | 9781452245478 | | | | | An Integrative Approach to Counseling 1st edition PDF Book Strategic Family Therapy. The Therapeutic Process in Feminist Therapy. Up to date and easy to read, the book engages readers with inner reflection questions that help them apply the theories to the lives of their clients and shows them how to develop their own integrative approach to psychotherapy. Anti-psychiatry Behavioral medicine Clinical neuroscience Imaging genetics Neuroimaging Neurophysiology Philosophy of psychiatry Political abuse of psychiatry Insulin shock therapy Electroconvulsive therapy Pentylenetetrazol Biopsychiatry controversy Controversies about psychiatry Psychiatrist Psychiatric epidemiology Psychiatric genetics Psychiatric hospital Psychiatric survivors movement Psychosomatic medicine Psycho-oncology Psychopharmacology Psychosurgery Psychoanalysis. Integrated Psychopharmacology. Lesley L. Categories : Integrative psychotherapy. The advantage of technical eclecticism is that it encourages the use of diverse strategies without being hindered by theoretical differences. The generic term, integrative psychotherapy, can be used to describe any multi-modal approach which combines therapies. Various psychotherapies typically ground themselves in one these four foundational perspectives, often minimizing the others. After being trained in an existing school of psychotherapy, the therapist begins to practice. New Forms of Psychoanalysis. Co-therapy Couples therapy
    [Show full text]
  • The Fine Line Between Integration Or Eclecticism and Syncretism in New Therapists Maria J Benito*
    Review Article iMedPub Journals Dual Diagnosis: Open Access 2018 http://www.imedpub.com/ Vol.3 No.3:08 ISSN 2472-5048 DOI: 10.21767/2472-5048.100042 The Fine Line between Integration or Eclecticism and Syncretism in New Therapists Maria J Benito* MB Counselling Clinic, Dublin, Ireland *Corresponding author: Maria J Benito, MB Counselling Clinic, Dublin, Ireland, Tel: +353868286762; E-mail: [email protected] Received date: November 29, 2018; Accepted date: December 19, 2018; Published date: December 28, 2018 Citation: Benito MJ (2018) The Fine Line Between Integration or Eclecticism and Syncretism in New Therapists. Dual Diagn Open Acc Vol.3 No.3: 8. Copyright: ©2018 Benito MJ. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. psychotherapy, connecting constructs from several theoretical schools and considering multiple views on human functioning, Abstract psychodynamic, client-centered, behaviorist, family therapy, Gestalt therapy, Reichian-influenced body psychotherapy, object Clinicians generally orient theoretically towards Integrative relations theories, and psychoanalytic self-psychology. therapy which is based on integration and synthesis of Transactional analysis forms the main basis of such approach. diverse theoretical methods in order to improve treatment Each of these approaches independently provides a valid outcome. Different ways of integrative therapy are: common factors, assimilative integration, technical explanation of psychological functioning and behaviour, and eclecticism and theoretical integration. There is a consistent selective integration amongst them enhances their effectivity need for novel ways for mental health treatment. Another [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Treatment Selection (STS): a Review and Future Directions
    International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy Volume 3, No. 1, 2007 Systematic Treatment Selection (STS): A Review and Future Directions Tam T. Nguyen, Matteo Bertoni, Mylea Charvat, Anahita Gheytanchi, & Larry E. Beutler Abstract Systematic Treatment Selection (STS) is a form of technical eclectism that develops and plans treatments using empirically founded principles of psychotherapy. It is a model that provides systematic guidelines for the utilization of different psychotherapeutic strategies based on patient qualities and problem characteristics. Historically, it stems from accumulating evidence that no single theory is effective in treating all patients and common characteristics shared among different theoretical philosophies. A review of the literature and further research resulted in the extraction of four main decisional domains that are involved in determining effective treatment strategies. These domains include: (1) patient predisposing qualities, (2) treatment context, (3) relationship variables, and (4) intervention selection. These main principles provide the basis for which guidelines have been developed to systematically individualize treatment plans. The next step in the process is to effectively disseminate and implement this model, in which students and clinicians are taught to operate from a patient based rather than a theory based perspective. Keywords: Systematic Treatment Selection, STS, Prescriptive Therapy, PT, Core Principles, Patient Qualities, Intervention Selection. Introduction A shared objective of those within the mental health field is to provide relief to individuals experiencing emotional, behavioral, or psychological distress. Towards this end, several hundred theoretical orientations have developed, each stressing that it is the treatment of choice. However, most of the 400+ theoretical approaches to treatment have not been experimentally tested.
    [Show full text]
  • Aspects of Existential Psychotherapy in Cognitive Behavioral Approach
    Romanian Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Hypnosis Volume 3, Issue 3, July-September 2016 Theoretical paper Aspects of Existential Psychotherapy in Cognitive Behavioral Approach Loredana Elena Proţi Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Romania Abstract The therapeutic process aims the improvement of individuals’ mental health and overall well- being through the acquirement of new relationship skills with self and the outer world. The purpose of psychotherapy is that of meeting the client’s expectations as well as possible and to guide him in the direction of his choice and desire and needs, using psychological tools. Currently there are numerous forms of psychotherapy such as psychoanalysis, schema therapy, existential psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy (CBT), rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), person-centered therapy (PCT), integrative psychotherapy, transactional analysis, core process therapy etc. Are there any major differences between all these forms of therapy? Which could be the best way to meet the expectations of the people who cross the thresholds of psychology cabinets? This subject can be amply debated. The present article shortly examines aspects of existential psychotherapy in the cognitive behavioral therapy, encouraging an eclectic approach. The human being is a unique complex, and this is why the best approach encouraged by researchers is the one of being opened to the client’s needs and to integrate in the therapeutic process not only specific strategies used in the forms of therapy in which the psychotherapist is specialized, but also complementary forms in order to be prepared for any challenge that can appear in the process. This way, we can serve the clients’ needs in the most complete way possible (Strieker, 1996; Gersons et al., 2000; Norcross & Goldfried, 2005).
    [Show full text]
  • Unit 4 Psychotherapy Integration
    Other Therapies for Psychological Interventions UNIT 4 PSYCHOTHERAPY INTEGRATION Structure 4.0 Introduction 4.1 Objectives 4.2 Definition of Integrative Psychotherapy 4.3 Historical Overview of the Integrative Movement 4.4 Variables Responsible for Growth of Psychotherapy Integration 4.5 Different Ways to Psychotherapy Integration 4.5.1 Eclecticism 4.5.2 Differences between Eclecticism and Psychotherapy Integration 4.5.3 Theoretical Integration 4.5.4 Assimilative Integration 4.5.5 The Common Factor Approach 4.5.6 Multi Theoretical Approaches 4.5.7 The Trans Theoretical Model 4.5.8 Brooks-Harris’ Multi Theoretical Model 4.5.9 Helping Skills Approach to Integration 4.6 Evidence Based Therapy and Integrative Practice 4.7 Future of Psychotherapy Schools and Therapy Integration 4.8 Let Us Sum Up 4.9 Unit End Questions 4.10 Glossary 4.11 Suggested Readings 4.0 INTRODUCTION A major emphasis of this unit is on helping you construct your own integrated approach to psychotherapy. Research has indicated that psychotherapy is moving toward an integrated approach to therapy. Throughout the world, when you ask a psychologist or counsellor what his or her theoretical orientation is, the most frequently given response is integrative or eclectic. It is highly likely that upon graduation, you will integrate one or more of the theories presented in this block. This unit explores in detail the integrative approach to therapy. This unit traces the historical development, variables responsible for, the different models and future of integrative approach. 4.1 OBJECTIVES After completing this unit, you will be able to: • Define and describe the concept of integrative psychotherapy; • Describe the historical perspective of the integrative movement; • Explain the variables responsible for growth of psychotherapy integration; • Analyse the different ways to psychotherapy integration; 60 • Explain evidence based therapy and integrative practice; and Psychotherapy Integration • Analyse the future of psychotherapy schools and therapy integration.
    [Show full text]