Ethnobotany. Lecture 36
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(Phascolarctos Cinereus) on the North Coast of New South Wales
A Blueprint for a Comprehensive Reserve System for Koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) on the North Coast of New South Wales Ashley Love (President, NPA Coffs Harbour Branch) & Dr. Oisín Sweeney (Science Officer, NPA NSW) April 2015 1 Acknowledgements This proposal incorporates material that has been the subject of years of work by various individuals and organisations on the NSW north coast, including the Bellengen Environment Centre; the Clarence Environment Centre; the Nambucca Valley Conservation Association Inc., the North Coast Environment Council and the North East Forest Alliance. 2 Traditional owners The NPA acknowledges the traditional Aboriginal owners and original custodians of the land mentioned in this proposal. The proposal seeks to protect country in the tribal lands of the Bundjalung, Gumbainggir, Dainggatti, Biripi and Worimi people. Citation This document should be cited as follows: Love, Ashley & Sweeney, Oisín F. 2015. A Blueprint for a comprehensive reserve system for koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) on the North Coast of New South Wales. National Parks Association of New South Wales, Sydney. 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... 2 Traditional owners ........................................................................................................................................ 3 Citation ......................................................................................................................................................... -
Post-Fire Recovery of Woody Plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion
Post-fire recovery of woody plants in the New England Tableland Bioregion Peter J. ClarkeA, Kirsten J. E. Knox, Monica L. Campbell and Lachlan M. Copeland Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, AUSTRALIA. ACorresponding author; email: [email protected] Abstract: The resprouting response of plant species to fire is a key life history trait that has profound effects on post-fire population dynamics and community composition. This study documents the post-fire response (resprouting and maturation times) of woody species in six contrasting formations in the New England Tableland Bioregion of eastern Australia. Rainforest had the highest proportion of resprouting woody taxa and rocky outcrops had the lowest. Surprisingly, no significant difference in the median maturation length was found among habitats, but the communities varied in the range of maturation times. Within these communities, seedlings of species killed by fire, mature faster than seedlings of species that resprout. The slowest maturing species were those that have canopy held seed banks and were killed by fire, and these were used as indicator species to examine fire immaturity risk. Finally, we examine whether current fire management immaturity thresholds appear to be appropriate for these communities and find they need to be amended. Cunninghamia (2009) 11(2): 221–239 Introduction Maturation times of new recruits for those plants killed by fire is also a critical biological variable in the context of fire Fire is a pervasive ecological factor that influences the regimes because this time sets the lower limit for fire intervals evolution, distribution and abundance of woody plants that can cause local population decline or extirpation (Keith (Whelan 1995; Bond & van Wilgen 1996; Bradstock et al. -
Contribution to the Biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with Special Emphasis on the African Species
Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian I Promotor: Prof. Dr. Ir. L.J.G. van der Maesen Hoogleraar Plantentaxonomie Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotor Dr. F.T. Bakker Universitair Docent, leerstoelgroep Biosystematiek Wageningen Universiteit Overige leden: Prof. Dr. E. Robbrecht, Universiteit van Antwerpen en Nationale Plantentuin, Meise, België Prof. Dr. E. Smets Universiteit Leiden Prof. Dr. L.H.W. van der Plas Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. A.M. Cleef Wageningen Universiteit Dr. Ir. R.H.M.J. Lemmens Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, WUR Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoekschool Biodiversiteit. II Contribution to the biosystematics of Celtis L. (Celtidaceae) with special emphasis on the African species Ali Sattarian Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit Prof. Dr. M.J. Kropff in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 26 juni 2006 des namiddags te 16.00 uur in de Aula III Sattarian, A. (2006) PhD thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen ISBN 90-8504-445-6 Key words: Taxonomy of Celti s, morphology, micromorphology, phylogeny, molecular systematics, Ulmaceae and Celtidaceae, revision of African Celtis This study was carried out at the NHN-Wageningen, Biosystematics Group, (Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6700 ED Wageningen), Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, the Netherlands. IV To my parents my wife (Forogh) and my children (Mohammad Reza, Mobina) V VI Contents ——————————— Chapter 1 - General Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 - Evolutionary Relationships of Celtidaceae ..................................................................... 7 R. VAN VELZEN; F.T. BAKKER; A. SATTARIAN & L.J.G. VAN DER MAESEN Chapter 3 - Phylogenetic Relationships of African Celtis (Celtidaceae) ........................................ -
Distribution, Ecology, Chemistry and Toxicology of Plant Stinging Hairs
toxins Review Distribution, Ecology, Chemistry and Toxicology of Plant Stinging Hairs Hans-Jürgen Ensikat 1, Hannah Wessely 2, Marianne Engeser 2 and Maximilian Weigend 1,* 1 Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; [email protected] 2 Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53129 Bonn, Germany; [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (M.E.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-0228-732121 Abstract: Plant stinging hairs have fascinated humans for time immemorial. True stinging hairs are highly specialized plant structures that are able to inject a physiologically active liquid into the skin and can be differentiated from irritant hairs (causing mechanical damage only). Stinging hairs can be classified into two basic types: Urtica-type stinging hairs with the classical “hypodermic syringe” mechanism expelling only liquid, and Tragia-type stinging hairs expelling a liquid together with a sharp crystal. In total, there are some 650 plant species with stinging hairs across five remotely related plant families (i.e., belonging to different plant orders). The family Urticaceae (order Rosales) includes a total of ca. 150 stinging representatives, amongst them the well-known stinging nettles (genus Urtica). There are also some 200 stinging species in Loasaceae (order Cornales), ca. 250 stinging species in Euphorbiaceae (order Malphigiales), a handful of species in Namaceae (order Boraginales), and one in Caricaceae (order Brassicales). Stinging hairs are commonly found on most aerial parts of the plants, especially the stem and leaves, but sometimes also on flowers and fruits. The ecological role of stinging hairs in plants seems to be essentially defense against mammalian herbivores, while they appear to be essentially inefficient against invertebrate pests. -
Your Local Native Plant Nursery
Your Local Native Plant Nursery Grow List for Forest Heart Groundcovers Groundcovers cont... Acaena nova-zelandiae Biddy biddy Plumbago zeylandica Native plumbago Artanema fimbriatum Koala bells Pollia crispata Pollia Austrocynoglossum latifolium Forest Hounds tooth Pollia macrophylla Pollia Austromyrtus dulcis Midyim Rostellularia obtusa pink tongue Austromyrtus glabra Midyim Rubus moluccanus Molucca raspberry Brachyscome spp. Daisy Rubus rosifolius Rose leaved raspberry Calotis cuneifolia Burr Daisy Scaevola albida Fan flower Corchorus cunninghamii Native jute Stackhousia spathulata Beach Stackhousia Chrysocephalum apiculatum Yellow buttons Viola banksii Native violet Cullen tenax Emu foot grass Xerochrysum bracteatum Yellow paper daisy Dichondra repens Kidney weed Ferns Enchylaena tomentosa Ruby salt bush Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maidenhair Goodenia arenicola Goodenia Goodenia ovata Goodenia - prostrate form Adiantum formosum Black-stemmed maidenhair Goodenia paniculata Goodenia Adiantum hispidulum Rough maidenhair fern Goodenia rotundifolia Goodenia Asplenium australasicum Birds nest fern Hibbertia aspera Rough guinea flower Blechnum cartilagineum Gristle fern Hibbertia dentata Guinea flower Blechnum indicum Bungwall Hibbertia vestita Rough guinea flower Cyathea cooperi Straw tree fern Isotoma axillaris Australian harebells Doodia aspera Rasp fern Leiocarpa brevicompta Common Sunray Todea barbara King fern Lobelia membranacea Lobelia Lobelia trigonocaulis Forest lobelia Lillies Mazus pumilio Mazus Crinum pedunculata River lily -
Stinging Tree Can Kill Marina Hurley Dogs and Horses, And
Marina Hurley The stinging tree can kill dogs and horses, and Marina Hurley has even led to the death of humans, but countless native animals live content among its Left: The rainforest gap at Wongabel State Forest where Marina Hurley poison hairs. conducted her study. Above:A leaf from the most painful of Marina Hurley spent stinging trees, the Gympie Gympie, showing characteristic damage caused by many nights among a voracious noctural beetle. these dangerous plants to discover why. Selective stingers Marina Hurley received her PhD at James ustralia is home to the world’s the southern giant stinging tree leaves always seemed to be full of holes. One evening, when spotlighting for also eating the stinging-tree leaves. This Cook University in 1997 for research into most painful plant to touch: the (Dendrocnide excelsa) and the northern Something was eating them. I wanted to possums, I found the answer. Scattered all was a surprising discovery, as I had no stinging trees and their herbivores. She now ‘stinging tree’. Even gently shiny-leaf stinging tree (D. photinophylla). find out what it was and whether they over the leaves were shiny green-black knowledge, and there were no repots of, teaches entomology and ecology at the A brushing the leaves of this tree can cause The rest are shrubs, including the most were deterred by the stinging hairs. beetles (Prasyptera mastersi). These any mammal having eaten D. moroides. University of Tasmania and,with the CRC intense pain, an itching, burning sensation painful plant of the genus, the Gympie- nocturnal beetles ate between the stinging I started leaving leaf baits on the forest for Sustainable Production Forestry, which in mild cases can linger for months, Gympie (D. -
Dendrocnide Excelsa 1 Dendrocnide Excelsa
Dendrocnide excelsa 1 Dendrocnide excelsa Dendrocnide excelsa chewed leaf of a Dendrocnide excelsa at Gumbaynggirr State Conservation Area, west of Nambucca Heads, Australia Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Urticaceae Genus: Dendrocnide Species: D. excelsa Binomial name Dendrocnide excelsa (Wedd.) Chew Dendrocnide excelsa, also called Australian nettle tree, fibrewood, gimpi gimpi, giant stinging tree, gympie, is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It occurs from Tathra, New South Wales to Imbil in southeastern Queensland, and is very common at Dorrigo National Park and other rainforest walks in eastern Australia. The habitat of the giant stinging tree is subtropical, warm temperate or littoral rainforest, particularly in disturbed areas, previously flattened by storms or cyclones. Dendrocnide excelsa 2 Sting The hairs of the tree exist on all aerial parts, and can cause a severe reaction when in contact with human skin, so it is a hazard to livestock, travelers and campers. Even so, the tree is an important member of the ecosystems of eastern Australian forests. The sting is considered more severe than Dendrocnide photinophylla (shining-leaved stinging tree), but not as severe as Dendrocnide moroides (gympie stinger). Minor stings can last for an hour or two. However, severe stinging can last for months. First aid for the sting is to apply wax hair-removal strips and then yank them off to remove the hairs.[1] Dendrocnide stings have been known to kill dogs and horses that have brushed against them. Marina Hurley, a leading researcher of stinging trees, found the only way she could handle the plant to study it was with heavy welding gloves. -
Canopy Arthropods and Herbivory on the Tasmanian Southern Beeches, Nothofagus Cunninghamii and Nothofagus Gunnii
Canopy Arthropods and Herbivory on the Tasmanian Southern Beeches, Nothofagus cunninghamii and Nothofagus gunnii Volume 1 P. Jane Keble-Williams MB.ChB. (University of Sheffield, UK) Grad. Dip. Env. Stud. (University of Tasmania) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Geography and Environmental Studies University of Tasmania March 2012 ii DECLARATION This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of the my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does the thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. P.J. Keble-Williams Statement of Authority of Access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying and communication in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. iii iv ABSTRACT The Gondwanan relict tree genus Nothofagus has generated much research due to its biogeographical significance in understanding the biota of the Southern Temperate Zone. However, the southern temperate forest arthropod fauna, including that of Nothofagus, has received less attention than northern temperate forest and tropical rainforest. The extant Tasmanian Nothofagus canopy arthropod fauna has been considered depauparate. Yet with a palaeohistory of long persistence, high diversity and widespread distribution of the genus within Australia, the endemic Tasmanian Nothofagaceae – the evergreen Nothofagus cunninghamii and winter deciduous N. gunnii - could be expected to have accreted a large and diverse arthropod fauna, as have its sister Fagalean families in the northern hemisphere. -
Fleshy Fruitsareproducedbymanyplants, What Arefleshyfruits? Has Beenseverelyreduced Since European the Distributionofrainforest Innsw New Rainforestspecies
Fleshy Fruits Food trees for Wildlife 5 What are Fleshy Fruits? settlement with for example less than 1% of lowland sub-tropical rainforest remaining. Fleshy fruits are produced by many plants, Outside of national parks, rainforest NOTE and in particular rainforest species, to occurs now only as small areas, isolated enclose the seed for reproduction of the remnants or as single trees in an agricultural plant. They comprise a fleshy outer layer landscape. As a consequence of this severe within a leathery skin and a central hard reduction in extent and distribution of stone enclosing the seed. rainforest there has been a marked decline DECC in the abundance of a number of pigeons, doves and parrots and other animals reliant on rainforests. Consequently many of these species are now considered rare and threatened in NSW. What can you do? The protection of vegetation including remnants and isolated paddock trees (e.g. figs) that annually produce fleshy fruit, is Assortment of Fleshy Fruits very significant in ensuring the continued survival of many threatened birds and Why are they mammals such as migratory bird and flying- important? fox species. Fleshy fruits vary considerably in size and Forestry operations are not permitted within texture making them an attractive and key rainforests although existing roads can be food resource for many species of native maintained. birds, particularly pigeons (many of which Table 1 lists some of the fleshy fruited feed almost exclusively on fleshy fruits), and rainforest species occurring on the north a number of mammals such as possum and coast. These species can occur in rainforest small rodents. -
Dendrocnide Photinophylla 1 Dendrocnide Photinophylla
Dendrocnide photinophylla 1 Dendrocnide photinophylla Shining leaved Stinging Tree Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Urticaceae Genus: Dendrocnide Species: D. photinophylla Binomial name Dendrocnide photinophylla (Kunth) Chew Dendrocnide photinophylla, the shining-leaved stinging tree, is a rainforest tree of eastern Australia. It occurs from near the Colo River northwest of Sydney to Cooktown in tropical Queensland. A versatile species, it occurs in many different rainforest types. The specific epithet photinophylla translates to shining leaf. The generic name translates to stinging tree. Dendrocnide photinophylla 2 Common names This species is known by many common names, including fibrewood, small-leaved nettle, mulberry-leaved stinging tree, and gympie. Sting Stinging trees are often disliked by bush walkers and nature lovers because of the reaction of human skin to the stinging hairs. However, they are an important member of the ecosystems of Australian rainforests. The sting of this plant is not considered as severe as the related Dendrocnide excelsa or Dendrocnide moroides. However, avoiding the leaves and twigs is strongly recommended. D. photinophylla seedling with pronounced stinging hairs on the upper surface of the leaf Description A medium to large-sized tree up to 30 metres tall, its stem diameter is up to 75 cm. The trunk is flanged or buttressed. The grey bark is fairly smooth, but with some bumps, lines and ridges. Its small branches are smooth and grey, with green at the ends. The leaves are glossy with erect stinging hairs, particularly on the leaf veins, and are elliptic in shape, 6 to 13 cm long, and 3 to 8 cm wide. -
Ash Island Plant Species List
Ash Island Plant Species List Lowland KWRP Family Botanical Name Common name Woodland Floodplain + Nursery Rainforest Malvaceae Abutilon oxycarpum Lantern Bush 1 Fabaceae Acacia falciformis 1 Fabaceae Acacia floribunda Sunshine Wattle 1 1 1 Fabaceae Acacia implexa Hickory Wattle 1 1 1 Fabaceae Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle 1 1 Fabaceae Acacia maidenii Maidens Wattle 1 1 Myrtaceae Acmena smithii Lillypilly 1 1 Rutaceae Acronychia oblongifolia Lemon Aspen 1 1 Adiantaceae Adiantum aethiopicum Rough Maidenhair 1 Adiantaceae Adiantum formosum Maidenhair 1 Adiantaceae Adiantum hispidulum Rough Maidenhair Fern 1 Sapindaceae Alectryon subcinereus Wild Quince 1 1 Casuarinaceae Allocasuarina paludosa Swamp She-Oak 1 1 Araceae Alocasia brisbanensis Cunjevoi 1 1 Rhamnaceae Alphitonia excelsa Red Ash 1 1 Amaranthaceae Alternanthera denticulate Lesser Joyweed 1 1 Amaranthaceae Amaranthus sp. Amaranth Loranthaceae Amyema congener 1 Loranthaceae Amyema gaudichaudii 1 Loranthaceae Amyema pendulum 1 Loranthaceae Amyema sp. Mistletoe Cunoniaceae Aphanopetalum resinosum Gum Vine 1 1 Anthericaceae Arthropodium sp. Vanilla Lily 1 1 Aspleniaceae Asplenium australasicum Bird’s Nest Fern 1 Aspleniaceae Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern 1 Chenopodiaceae Atriplex cinerea 1 Sterculiaceae Brachychiton populneus Kurrajong 1 1 1 Euphorbiaceae Breynia oblongifolia Coffee Bush 1 1 Myrtaceae Callistemon salignus White Bottlebrush 1 1 1 Convolvulaceae Calystegia marginata 1 Rubiaceae Canthium coprosmoides Coast Canthium 1 Capparaceae Capparis arborea Native -
Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia Ecological Community
Advice to the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee (the Committee) on an Amendment to the List of Threatened Ecological Communities under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) 1 Name of the ecological community Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia The ecological community was nominated as Lowland Subtropical Rainforest on Basalt and Alluvium in North East NSW and South East Queensland. The Committee has determined the name of the ecological community to be Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia. In the new name „Subtropical‟ has been used to describe the climatic zone where the ecological community generally occurs within eastern Australia, rather than the specific type of rainforest that comprises the ecological community. Throughout this document the Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia is often abbreviated to the „Lowland Rainforest‟ or „the ecological community‟. Much of the Lowland Rainforest of Subtropical Australia ecological community is listed as endangered in New South Wales as „Lowland Rainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin Bioregions‟ and „Lowland Rainforest on floodplain in the NSW North Coast Bioregion‟ (DECC, 1999, 2006); and as „of concern‟ or „endangered‟ under a number of Regional Ecosystems in Queensland (for more detail, see Section 6. National Context – Relationships to State-listed ecological communities and state vegetation classifications, below). 2. Public Consultation A technical workshop with experts on the ecological community was held in June 2010. The nomination and a technical report, based on the workshop outcomes, were made available for public exhibition and comment for a minimum 30 business days.