UNESCO/IOC Regional Training and Research Center on Ocean Dynamics and Climate (UNESCO/IOC-ODC)

Progresses of UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center

Fangli Qiao Nov 17, 2014, University of Tokyo, Japan

The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China Outline 1. Overview 2. Training activities – First UNESCO/IOC-ODC Training Course – Second UNESCO/IOC-ODC Training Course – Third UNESCO/IOC-ODC Training Course – Fourth UNESCO/IOC-ODC Training Course – … … 3. Research activities – Project of OFDS (The Chronology of IOC-WESTPAC / SEAGOOS Ocean Forecasting Demonstration System) – Collaborated Research 4. Summary and suggestions 1. Overview: Brief History of UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center On 11 May 2010, a signing ceremony was held during the Eighth Intergovernmental Session of UNESCO/IOC Sub-Commission for the Western Pacific (WESTPAC-VIII) in Bali, Indonesia, on the establishment of a Regional Training and Research Center on Ocean Dynamics and Climate (ODC). Officially launched on 9 June 2011

The first IOC/UNESCO Regional Training and Research Center was launched on 9 June 2011 at the host institute, the First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration , Qingdao, China.

Mr. Cigui Liu, Administrator of the State Oceanic Administration of China, Mr. Mitrasen Bhikajee, Deputy Executive Secretary of IOC/UNESCO delivered their congratulatory speeches at the launching ceremony with witness of Mr. Geng Xia, Mayor of Qingdao City, Mr. Lianzeng Chen, Deputy Administrator of SOA, and other representatives of UNESCO Beijing Office, National Commission of China to UNESCO, and other relevant ministries, institutes and universities. Organization of UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center Organization of UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center

Director

Scientific Committee Executive secretary Center on Ocean Dynamics & Climate

Experts Database Administration Department

Office of Planning Data Support and Administration

Modeling Support

Engineering Support

High Performance Computing Support Organization of UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center

Ocean Dynamics Climate Change • Coastal Oceanography • Global Warming • Ocean Mixing • Sea Level Change • Meridional Overturning Circulation • Carbon Cycle • Mesoscale Variability • Ocean Acidification • Polar Dynamics • Abrupt Climate Change • Typhoon and Hurricane Processes • Solar activity and Earth Climate • Tsunami Forecasting • Paleoclimate & Paleoceanography

Ocean Dynamics & Climate

Air-Sea Interactions Numerical Modeling • Elñino and Southern Oscillation • Wave-tide-circulation Coupled Model • Monsoon Dynamics • Earth System Model • Air-Sea Flux • Operational Forecasting System • Wave effects in air-sea interactions • Short-Term Climate Forecast • Wind-Ice Interactions • Paleoclimate Model • Ice Dynamics • Parallel and Nesting Technique Trainees during past 4 years

2011 2013

2012 2014

Trainees from different countries during the UNESCO/IOC-ODC Training Course (2011~2014) Totally , 204 trainees from 28 countries attended these training courses 2. Training Activities in UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center

 First training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Ocean Models during 10-16 June 2011  Second training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Ocean Dynamics, Qingdao, China, 16-22 July 2012  Third training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Air-sea Interaction and Modeling, Qingdao, China, 12-23 August 2013  Fourth training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Climate Models, Qingdao, China, 03-14 November 2013  … …  First training course of UNESCO on Ocean Models during 10-16 June 2011

Prof. Lie-Yauw Oey, Princeton University, USA Prof. Xiaohua Wang, University of New South Wales, Australia Basic concepts of numerical modeling in ocean and atmosphere Ocean sediment model Dr. Antoni Jordi Ballester, Miquel Marquès 21, Spain Prof. Fei Chai, University of Maine, USA MPI and the mpiPOM/sbPOM Marine Ecosystems and Carbon Cycle Prof. Yasumasa Miyazawa, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Prof. Huijie Xue, University of Maine, USA Technology, Japan Lagrangian particle simulations and individual based model Ocean data assimilation Prof. Lian Xie, North Carolina State University, USA Prof. Tal Ezer, Old Dominion University, USA Air-sea interaction The sigma-coordinates equations and pressure gradient errors; Prof. Fangli Qiao, First Institute of Oceanography, China Standard POM setting; Wave-tide-circulation coupled models Extended POM: POM-WAD and POM- Generalized Coordinates Prof. Alan F. Blumberg, Stevens Institute of Technology, USA Estuarine modeling  First training course during 10-16 June 2011

● Russia

● USA ● China ● Korea

● Thailand ● Vietnam

● Malaysia ● Indonesia ● Peru

● Australia

69 trainees from 10 countries of Australia, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, Thailand, Vietnam, USA and China.  The Interview meeting of lecturers and trainees of the first training course on 9 June 2011

The lectures from US, Spain, Japan, Australia and China discussed and the Trainees from Australia, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, Thailand, Vietnam, USA and China, had a more relaxing interaction to grasp the trainees’ background knowledge on the following aspects.

• fluid dynamics • geophysical fluid dynamics • basic numerical techniques • parallel computing methods • oceanic and atmospheric numeric models Jun 10, 2011

In the morning , Prof. Lie-Yauw Oey (from Princeton University, USA) gave a lecture on the basic concepts of atmospheric and oceanic numerical models and some important numerical experiments.

In the afternoon, Dr. Antoni Jordi Ballester (Miquel Marquès 21, Spain) gave a lecture on the parallel computing method and the implementation in Princeton Ocean Model. Jun 11, 2011

In the morning, Prof. Yasumasa Miyazawa (from Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan) gave a lecture on ocean data assimilation.

In the afternoon, Prof. Tal Ezer (from Old Dominion University, USA) gave a lecture to discuss on the details of Princeton Ocean Model, including the introduction to ocean modeling and different model types, the terrain-following (sigma- coordinate) ocean models, the generalized coordinates ocean models, wetting and drying algorithms and applications, and the tutorial of Princeton Ocean Model. Jun 12, 2011

In the morning, Prof. Xiaohua Wang (from University of New South Wales, Australia) gave a lecture on Ocean sediment model.

In the afternoon, all the teachers of the first 5 lectures were seated in the classroom to answer the questions from the trainees. Jun 13, 2011

In the morning, Prof. Fei Chai (from University of Maine, USA) gave a lecture on Modeling Marine Ecosystems and Carbon Cycle.

At afternoon, Prof. Huijie Xue (from University of Maine, USA) gave a lecture on the Lagrangian particle simulations and individual based model. Jun 14, 2011

In the morning, Prof. Lian Xie (from North Carolina State University, USA) gave a lecture on Air-sea interaction.

In the afternoon, Prof. Fangli Qiao (from First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, China) gave a lecture on wave-tide-circulation coupled models. Jun 15, 2011

Through video teleconference, Prof. Alan F. Blumberg (from Stevens Institute of Technology, USA) gave a lecture on modeling estuarine circulation.

Through this training course, most of the trainees and lecturers become more and more familiar and a profound friendship have been built among them. Most students and lecturers have made pictures for memory and sincerely look forward to meeting in the next training course. Closing ceremony of first training course on 16 June 2011 2. Training Activities in UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center

 First training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Ocean Models during 10-16 June 2011  Second training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Ocean Dynamics, Qingdao, China, 16-22 July, 2012  Third training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Air-sea Interaction and Modeling, Qingdao, China, 12-23 August, 2013  … …  Second training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Ocean dynamics, Qingdao, China, 16-22 July, 2012

 Prof. Tal Ezer, Old Dominion University, USA, Small scale dynamics and ocean model introduction  Prof. Huijie Xue, University of Maine, USA, Large scale dynamics  Prof. Fei Chai, University of Maine, USA, Carbon cycle and marine ecosystem  Prof. Quanan Zheng, University of Maryland, USA, Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics based on Satellite Data  Prof. Chunzai Wang, NOAA/AOML, Physical Oceanography Division, Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction, ENSO and Impacts of Climate on Extreme Events  Prof. Xianyao Chen, First Institute of Oceanography, China, Introduction of Adaptive Data Analysis Methods  Prof. Fangli Qiao, First Institute of Oceanography, China, Wave-circulation interaction and its application  Second training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Ocean dynamics, Qingdao, China, 16-22 July, 2012

● Russia

● China ● Japan

● Qatar ● India

● Indonesia ● Peru

● Mauritius

Received 84 applicants from 16 countries for the second training course of UNESCO/IOC-ODC Finally, 67 applicants from 15 countries of Russia, Korea, DPR Korea, Japan, Qatar, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Mauritius, Peru, Cambodia, and China attended this training course. The Opening Ceremony of Second training course On 16 July 2012, the first lecture was started in the morning. Professor Tal Ezer from Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA, introduced Numerical Ocean Modeling in Physical Oceanography and the Small-scale oceanic processes on aspect of theory, analysis and modeling. On 17 July 2012, Prof. Fangli Qiao from First Institute of Oceanography, State Ocean Administration, China, gave a lecture on wave-circulation interaction and its application. On 18 July 2012, Prof. Huijie Xue from School of On 19 July 2012, Prof. Fei Chai from School of Marine Marine Sciences, University of Maine, US, gave a Sciences, University of Maine, US gave a lecture on lecture on large scale ocean dynamics. Carbon cycle and marine ecosystem. On 20 July 2012, Prof. Chunzai On 21 July 2012, Prof. Xianyao On 22 July 2012, Prof. Quanan Wang from NOAA Atlantic Chen from First Institute of Zheng from University of Oceanographic and Oceanography, SOA, China, Maryland, USA, gave a lecture on Meteorological Laboratory, USA, provided a lecture on the Mesoscale Ocean Dynamics gave a lecture on Ocean- adaptive data analysis methods based on Satellite Data. Atmosphere Interaction, ENSO and their applications. This and Impacts of Climate on lecture contains the following Extreme Events. parts. Completion ceremony and farewell dinner of the second training course 2. Training Activities in UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center

 First training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Ocean Models during 10-16 June 2011  Second training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Ocean Dynamics, Qingdao, China, 16-22 July, 2012  Third training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Air-sea Interaction and Modeling, Qingdao, China, 12-23 August, 2013  … … List of lecturers (2013)  Prof. Zhaohua Wu, Florida State University, USA  Third training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Air-sea Interaction and Modeling,  Prof. Tim Li, University of Hawaii, USA Qingdao, China, 12-23 August, 2013  Prof. Raghu Murtugudde, University of Maryland, USA  Prof. Fangli Qiao, First Institute of Oceanography, China  Prof. Changlong Guan, Ocean University of China, China  Third training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Air-sea Interaction and modeling, Qingdao, China, 12-23 August, 2013

China ●

● Thailand

● Sri Lanka ● Malaysia ● Indonesia ● Ecuador

 Training time have been extended to 2 weeks, group discussion, group report  There are 33 trainees from 15 countries were attended this training course. Prof. Raghu Murtugudde University of Maryland, USA

Prof. Zhaohua Wu Florida State University, USA Prof. Fangli Qiao, First Institute of Oceanography, China

Prof. Changlong Guan Prof. Tim Li Ocean University of China, University of Hawaii, USA China Trainee Reports Group Discussion Group Reports Farewell Ceremony  Fourth training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Climate Models, Qingdao, China, 3-14 November 2014

Prof. Kun YANG Prof. Song YANG Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Sun Yat-Sen University, China; NOAA Climate Prediction Center, College Park, Maryland, USA Land surface processes and modeling Climate Prediction and Large-scale Features Associated with the Long-term Changes in Asian Prof. Yong LUO Monsoon and ENSO Center for Earth System Science/Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, China Prof. Ronghua ZHANG Evaluation of Climate Models Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Earth System Science Prof. Zhenya SONG Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, USA The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China Instruction of climate models with focus on ocean models and AR5-related research activities The Earth System Model Prof. Fangli QIAO Prof. Xunqiang YIN The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China The key roles of surface wave in ocean and climate systems The data assimilation in ocean and climate models  Fourth training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Climate Models, Qingdao, China, 3-14 November 2014

China ●

● Philippines

● ● Nigeria Sri Lanka ● Malaysia ● Indonesia ● Ecuador

● Ni-Vanuatu

 2 weeks Training Course  Trainee Report, Group Discussion and Report  There were 35 trainees from 13 countries attended  Fourth training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Climate Models, Qingdao, China, 3-14 November 2014

Opening Ceremony

Lectures in the first week

Prof. Song YANG Prof. Ronghua ZHANG Prof. Fangli Qiao  Fourth training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Climate Models, Qingdao, China, 3-14 November 2014

Prof. Kun YANG Prof. Zhenya SONG

Prof. Yong LUO Prof. Xunqiang YIN

Lectures in the second week  Fourth training course of UNESCO/IOC –ODC on Climate Models, Qingdao, China, 3-14 November 2014

Trainee Reports

All the trainees were required to give a report to  introduce themselves  Introduce their work or studies related to this training course  Chaired by group leaders

This helped them to know each other quickly and make them more active in class. Group Discussions Trainees were grouped into 5 teams to discuss and do assessments together. Group Reports

Group Leaders Best Trainee Award

Completion Ceremony Training Plan of 2015 5th training course on Climate Change Improved understanding of climate change and practice of prediction on climate change  Basic course Ocean-Atmosphere coupled climate models  Advanced course  Abrupt climate change  Anthropogenic effects on the climate change  Applied course Practice of prediction of climate change  Place: Qingdao, China  Time: September 2015 (TBD) 3. Research Activities at ODC

• Joint Projects under IOC/WESTPAC – OFDS The Chronology of IOC-WESTPAC / SEAGOOS Ocean Forecasting Demonstration System – ROSE Responses of Marine Hazards to Climate change – MOMSEI Monsoon Onset Monitoring and its Social and Ecosystem Impacts • Collaborated Research – Siew Jing Huey and Halimatun Muhamad from Malaysia 3.1 OFDS: The Chronology of IOC-WESTPAC / SEAGOOS Ocean Forecasting Demonstration System

Objectives of the Project

• To develop an ocean forecasting system for the southern region of the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas with focus on the Gulf of Thailand, Eastern Peninsular Malaysia and the South of Java Island and/or west of Sumatra --- societal issue • To enhance understanding of some key processes and scientific issues in the region -- science • To improve regional capacity in numerical ocean modeling–capacity building, transfer of technology Wave-tide-circulation coupled model

• Bathymetry: GEBCO_08 • Resolution: 1/18o x 1/18o (6km), 51 sigma levels • Forcing: Climatological winds, heat fluxes from COADS, tides at open boundary • T & S are initialized from Levitus annual mean T & S (Levitus 1982) • The open lateral boundary (velocity, sea level, T & S) are interpolated from larger 1/6o x 1/6o Indo-Pacific model. • Tides added at the boundary Wave model Validation

Model vs observation significant wave height scatter chart. Jason-1 ground track covered Southeast Asian water Color represent the valid number of observation data in a on its orbit on December 20, 2005. box of 4cm×4cm. The history forecast results of significant wave height are compared with remote altimetry data obtained from Jason-1 from 2002 to 2008. According the statistic result, ME,MAE and RMSE between model and remote data is respectively 0.05m, 0.35m and 0.48m. Temperature Validation

Temperature profile comparison at station 2 and 3 of the The stations of the cruise which UKM participated Cruise in 2007. Black line: Model forecast UKM has participated in 2007 Red line with dot: Observation The joint cruise between FIO, UKM and UMT was carried out during Sept 13-15, 2011.

Joint Cruise between PMBC & FIO in Gulf of Thailand, July-Aug, 2011 The OFDS Website operational since Jan 1, 2012 http://221.0.186.5/IOC-WESTPAC_OFDS/

 The circulation part is the improved POM by adding the wave-induced mixing coefficient Bv  The wave part is MASNUM -NWM model  The Model is parallelized using MPI method  The meteorological model is MM5 Forecast products: Wind field

April 01~30, 2012 Forecast products: Wave height

April 01~30, 2012 Forecast products: Temperature and current

April 01~30, 2012 4. Summary and suggestions

Summary

UNESCO/IOC-ODC Center has successfully organized 4 training courses, 204 trainees from 28 countries;

There are 3 on-going active projects, OFS, ROSE and MOMSEI.

All above are strong support from FIO to IOC

. Summary and suggestions

Suggestion : Ocean observation and model development are two wheels (or backbones) to support all IOC activities. IOC has received reputation from all over the world through the implementation of GOOS, however, the ocean model developments have no obvious progress during past 20 years. Now a great chance appears. Thank you for your attention