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Nomes Galegos Para As Libélulas (Orde Odonata) Da Península Ibérica

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Nomes Galegos Para As Libélulas (Orde Odonata) Da Península Ibérica Chioglossa, 3: 21-36. A Coruña, 2011 Nomes galegos para as libélulas (orde Odonata) da Península Ibérica Cosme D. Romay, Adolfo Cordero-Rivera, Anxos Romeo, Martiño Cabana, Darío X. Cabana, Miguel Á. Fernández-Martínez Romay, C. D., Cordero-Rivera, A., Romeo, A., Cabana, M., Cabana, D. X. & Fernández- Martínez, M. Á. 2011. Nomes galegos para as libélulas (orde Odonata) da Península Ibérica. Chioglossa, 3: 21-36. Elabórase unha lista de nomes galegos das 77 especies de odonatos citadas da Penín- sula Ibérica, con base a denominacións tradicionais de libélulas (suborde Anisoptera) e cabaliños (suborde Zygoptera) e modificadores propostos polos autores. Palabras clave: lingua galega, libélulas, Odonata, Península Ibérica. INTRODUCIÓN nominados xeneroides; Bernis, 1994) das diferentes especies consultáronse os nomes Neste traballo proponse unha lista patrón tradicionais galegos de libélulas e cabaliños de nomes galegos para os odonatos ibéricos, empregados en dicionarios galegos (Pena, coa intención de servir de referente para a 2006; Santamarina, 2010a, 2010b) e nal- realización de artigos, paneis divulgativos, gunhas obras naturalistas (Lorenzo, 2008; libros e para actividades de educación am- Fernández-Martínez & Gil, 2010). A calidade biental en lingua galega. Como apunta Ber- dunha eventual lista patrón dependerá da se- nis (1994), as listas patróns son construcións lección da mostra vernacular dispoñible nu- mentais útiles e convenientes. Unha vez que nha lingua determinada (Bernis, 1994). o campo da odonatoloxía carece de listas sis- No referente aos nomes específicos (es- temáticas de nomes de libélulas e cabaliños pecificantes; Bernis, 1994), estudáronse as en lingua galega, o presente traballo tenta propostas existentes en lingua galega para ofrecer unha lista fiable, coherente e harmó- algunhas especies (Lorenzo, 2008; Fernán- nica coas listas doutros idiomas europeos, ao dez-Martínez & Gil, 2010). Para as demais igual que acontece coa lista de nomes gale- especies sen denominación previa en galego gos de aves (Conde, 1999). (a inmensa maioría), elaborouse unha pro- posta de especificantes baseada na revisión ÁREA DE ESTUDO E MÉTODOS da etimoloxía do nome científico (D’Antonio & Vegliante, 2002; Fliedner, 2006) e dos no- A área abarcada é o territorio da Penínsu- mes oficiais en francés (Grand & Boudot, la Ibérica, considerando todas as especies 2006; IUCN, 2010; Ruchet, 2011) e inglés citadas nesta (Dijkstra & Lewington, 2006; (Dijkstra & Lewington, 2006; Muddeman et Torralba-Burrial & Ocharan, 2007) coa adición al., 2009). Ademais, e só como referencia, de Trithemis kirbyi, descoberta recentemente consultáronse os nomes (non oficiais) dis- no sur peninsular (Cano-Villegas & Conesa- poñibles en castelán (Prunier, 2007; Meri- García, 2009). no, 2011; Wikipedia, 2011), as denominaci- Para a selección dos nomes xenéricos (de- óns dos xéneros en italiano (Festi & Siesa, 22 Chioglossa, 3 (2011) 2010) e un total de quince nomes xenéri- de odonatos ibéricos cos respectivos nomes cos para os odonatos en portugués (Liba- galegos propostos polos autores na táboa Mucznik, 2011; Priberam, 2011; Wikipedia, 1. Nesta engádese unha mención ás provin- 2011). Para estas linguas non existen listas cias con presenza de cada especie (Cordero, “oficiais”de nomes de odonatos. 1996; Cordero & Fernández Martínez, 2003; Para a lista galega propóñense, en xeral, Azpilicueta et al., 2007; Cabana et al., 2011; denominacións binomiais, excepto cando Martínez et al., 2011; datos propios). resulten formas pouco usuais ou demasiado A continuación xustifícase a escolla de cada forzadas en relación aos usos correntes. Dáse nome, tanto para as especies como para ni- preferencia a nomes simples, claros e conci- veis taxonómicos superiores: sos (Conde, 1999). Para a escolla de cada xeneroide, seguíron- Odonatos. Orde Odonata. Dúas subordes, se estes criterios: nove familias, trinta e tres xéneros e seten- Criterio 1: ter tradición oral ou escrita en ta e sete especies rexistradas ata agora na galego, agás se posúe unha connotación ne- Península Ibérica. Etimoloxía, grego οδον = gativa. dente + γνάθος = mandíbula; polo aspecto Criterio 2: ser descritivo da forma, cor e/ou das súas mandíbulas. Francés: libellules. In- comportamento da especie. glés: Dragonflies. Criterio 3: ser similar ao nome latino. Criterio 4: estar acorde con outras deno- Cabaliños. Suborde Zygoptera. Catro fami- minacións noutras linguas (sobre todo coas lias, dez xéneros e vinte e sete especies rexis- listas oficiais en francés e inglés). tradas na Península Ibérica. A voz Zygoptera Para a selección do especificante, ante a ven do grego ζιγοσ, οι = vínculo, parella + ausencia total de “apelidos” tradicionais, se- πτερα, υγοσ = á; probablemente por pousar guíronse estes criterios: coas ás pegadas. Emprégase cabaliño como Criterio 1: ser descritivo do aspecto e/ou denominación xeral desta suborde, desacon- comportamento da especie. sellando o uso de cabaliño do demo ou do dia- Criterio 2: ter un significado similar á pala- blo, por ter connotación negativa. Francés: bra grega ou latina que forma o seu epíteto demoiselles, agrions. Inglés: Damselflies. específico, agás se ten unha connotación ne- gativa. Gaiteiros. Familia Calopterygidae e xénero Criterio 3: estar acorde con outras deno- Calopteryx. Tres especies rexistradas na Penín- minacións noutras linguas (especificantes en sula Ibérica. A voz Calopteryx ven do grego francés e inglés). kαλοσ, α, ον = belo + πτεριξ, υγοσ = á, isto é, Criterio 4: non empregar os calificativos das belas ás. O xeneroide gaiteiro pode provir común ou vulgar para a especie, polo seu ca- da forma do corpo, alongada como o puntei- rácter confuso de ser empregado en áreas ro dunha gaita, pola forma das ás, como o fol con presenza escasa ou ausencia da mesma dunha gaita, ou pola combinación de ambas. epolo carácter dinámico da distribución e Francés: caloptéryx. Inglés: Demoiselles. abundancia das especies. Téntase conseguir unha sinerxia de crite- Gaiteiro vermello Calopteryx haemorrhoida- rios nos nomes (isto é, que cumpran o maior lis (Vander Linden, 1825). Etimoloxía: grego número posible de criterios, tanto cos xene- αιμα, τοσ = sangue + ρεο = fluír. Proponse roides como cos especificantes). o especificante vermello, pola cor avermellada (maxenta) da cara ventral dos tres derradei- Proposta de nomes ros segmentos abdominais do macho. Loren- Detállase a lista das setenta e sete especies zo (2008) empregou gaiteiro aliroxo. Francés: Nomes galegos dos odonatos ibéricos 23 caloptéryx hémorroïdal. Inglés: Copper De- Gaiteiriño dríade Lestes dryas Kirby, 1890. moiselle, Mediterranean Demoiselle. Etimoloxía: grego Δρύας, ις = carballo, se ben realmente fai referencia á ninfa das árbo- Gaiteiro azul Calopteryx virgo (Linnaeus, res (nome mitolóxico Dryas, Dryadis). O es- 1758). Etimoloxía: latín virgo, virginis = nena. pecificante sería unha tradución ao galego do Escóllese o especificante azul por ser máis nome latino. Francés: leste dryade. Inglés: Ro- descritivo da especie e por ter xa un pre- bust Spreadwing, Scarce Emerald Damselfly. cedente de uso (Fernández-Martínez & Gil, 2010). A voz gaiteiro aliazul aparece en Loren- Gaiteiriño violáceo Lestes macrostig- zo (2008). Francés: caloptéryx vierge. Inglés: ma (Eversmann, 1836). Etimoloxía: grego Beautiful Demoiselle. μαχροσ, α, ον = grande + grego στιγμα = mancha. Óptase por usar o especificante vio- Gaiteiro bicolor Calopteryx xanthosto- láceo, moi descritivo da cor xeral do abdome. ma (Charpentier, 1825). Etimoloxía: grego Francés: leste à grands stigmas. Inglés: Dark ξαντοσ, η, οι = amarelo + στομα, τοσ = boca. Spreadwing, Dark Emerald Damselfly. Escóllese bicolor como especificante, por ser descritivo do aspecto xeral do macho. Fran- Gaiteiriño noivo Lestes sponsa (Hansemann, cés: caloptéryx ouest-méditerranéen, calop- 1823). Etimoloxía: latín sponsa, ae = noi- téryx occitan. Inglés: Western Demoiselle, va, prometida. O especificante noivo é unha Yellow-tailed Demoiselle. adaptación directa do nome científico, sendo ademais moi próximo á denominación fran- Gaiteiriños. Familia Lestidae e xéneros Les- cesa da especie. Francés: leste fiancé. Inglés: tes e Sympecma. Sete especies rexistradas na Common Spreadwing, Emerald Damselfly. Península Ibérica. Etimoloxía: a) Lestes: gre- go ληστησ, ον = bandido. O nome científico Gaiteiriño verdescente Lestes virens (Char- aludiría ao comportamento predador das es- pentier, 1825). Etimoloxía: latín virens, entis = pecies deste xénero. b) Sympecma: grego σνμ verdescente. Francés: leste verdoyant. Inglés: = estreita + πικνοσ = á; descritivo da forma Small Spreadwing, Small Emerald Damselfly. das ás. Unha vez que o aspecto de Lestes pode lembrar a un pequeno Calopteryx de cor verde, Gaiteiriño verde Lestes viridis (Vander Lin- emprégase o xeneroide gaiteiriño, extensible a den, 1825). Etimoloxía: latín viridis, e = ver- Sympecma. Lorenzo (2008) e Fernández-Martí- de. Existe unha diferenza semántica entre vi- nez & Gil (2010) propuxeron gaiteiro para este rens e viridis, que xustifica as denominacións xénero (empregando gaiteiro verdilongo e gai- galegas destes dous gaiteiriños. Francés: les- teiro forestal, respectivamente, para Lestes viri- te vert. Inglés: Western Willow Spreadwing, dis). Para non empregar os mesmos xeneroides Willow Emerald Damselfly. para diferentes familias proponse o xeneroide gaiteiriño. Francés: lestes. Inglés: Spreadwings, Gaiteiriño de inverno Sympecma fusca (Van- Emerald Damselflies. der Linden, 1820). Etimoloxía: latín fuscus, a, um =
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