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Handbook of the Iridae (Iridaceae) 1892

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Handbook of the Iridae (Iridaceae) 1892 HANDBOOK OF THE IP,IDEAL LONDON WEST NEWMAN AND CO., PRINTERS HATTON GARDEN, E.C. HANDBOOK OF THE IRIDET BY J. G. BAKER, F.R.S., F.L.S., KEEPER OF THE HERBARIUM OF TOE ROYAL GARDENS, KEW. LONDON: GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK STREET, COVENT GARDEN. AND NEW YORK. 1892. t CONTENTS. ------ ♦------ PAGE P reface ...... V K ey to the G enera .... ix I ris—A ntholyza ..... 1-232 I ndex ....... 283 1 PREFACE. --------♦-------- This is the last of a series of botanical handbooks on which I have been working for a long time. When I first came to Kew, in January, 1866, I found the groups of plants that enter largely into horticulture that most wanted working at were the Vascular Cryptogams and Petaloid Monocotyledons. To those, consequently, during my connection with Kew, I have paid special attention. First, as was agreed upon with Sir Joseph Hooker when I was engaged as first-assistant in the herbarium, I finished the * Synopsis Filicum ’ which Sir William Hooker had planned out and commenced. This was published in 1868, and a second edition, with a Supple­ ment, in 1874. In 1891 I contributed to the fifth volume of the ‘Annals of Botany’ a classified index of the new species discovered up to that date. This has now been issued separately. In the Handbooks of the Fern Allies, Amaryl- lideie, Bromeliaceae, and the present work, I have followed the same concise general plan as in the Fern Synopsis. The Liliacece are dealt with in greater detail in the ‘ Journal of the Linnean Society.’ The papers extend from the eleventh to the eighteenth volume, and cover the whole order, with the exception of the two large genera, Smilax and Allium, which have been monographed recently by M. Alphonse DeCandolle and Dr. Von Ilegel. Those who wish for full bibliographical details about the species of Iridece will find them in a paper V lll PREFACE. entitled “ Systerna Iridacearum ” in the sixteenth volume of the ‘ Journal of the Linnean Society,’ but this contains only descriptions of the genera, not of the species. In the nomenclature and circumscription of the genera I have in the present handbook followed Bentham and Hooker’s ‘ Genera Plantarum,’ with very slight exception. The number of known species of Vascular Cryptogamia now amounts to 3500, and of these orders of Petaloid Monocotyledons to little short of 5000. J. G. BAKER. H erbarium of the R oyal Gardens, K ew, August 17th, 1892. KEY TO THE GENERA. -------- 4-------- Tribe I. Morjea®. — Flowers stalked, usually more than one to a spatlie, often fugitive and opening one after the other. Style- branches placed opposite the stamens and the outer segments of the perianth. * Style-branches furnished with crests that overtop the anthers and transverse stigmas. f Inner segments of the perianth not convolute (temperate regions). 1. I ris.— Perianth usually with a tube above the ovary. Fila­ ments free. Ovary 3-celled. Rootstock usually a rhizome, in § Xiplvion a bulb.— North temperate zone. 2. H ermodactylus. — Like Iris, but ovary 1-celled, with 3 parietal placentas and rootstock digitate.— Mediterranean region. 3. M orjea.— Perianth without a tube. Filaments monadelphous. Ovary 3-celled. Rootstock, except in § Dietes, a tunicated corns.— Cape, Tropical Afnca, Lord Howe's Island. + f Inner segments of the perianth convolute (tropical). 4. Marica. — Perianth without a tube. Style-crests petaloid. Leaves in a distichous rosette, not plicate. Peduncle flattened. Rootstock not bulbous.— Tropical America. 5. Cypella. — Perianth without a tube. Style-crests large, spur-like or flattened. Stems terete. Leaves superposed, plicate. Rootstock bulbous.— Tropical America. G. T r im e z ia . — Perianth without a tube. Style-crests small tubercles or cusps. Stems terete. Leaves not plicate. Rootstock bulbous.— Tropical America. ** Style-branches furnished with terminal stigmas, not overtopping the anthers. 7. T ig r id ia . — Perianth-segments connivent in a cup, then spreading. Style-branches bifid; forks subulate.— Tropical America. 8. H ydrotvenia.— Like Tigridia, but perianth-segments without any spreading blade.— Tropical America. 9 . R ig id e l l a .— Perianth-segments connivent in a cu p ; inner very small; outer with a large reflexed blade. Style-branches bifid ; forks subulate.— Mexico <& Guatemala. 10. H e r bertia.— Perianth-tube none; inner segments small, not convolute. Style-branches bifid at the tip.— Texas <£■ Subtemperate S. Amenca. 1 1 . F erraria. — Perianth-segments subequal, connivent in a cup, joined at the base. Style-branches forked at the tip, densely penicillate.— Cape & Angola. b X KEY TO THE GENERA. 12. H omeria.— Perianth-segments subequal, connivent in a cup at the base, then spreading. Style-branches with two petaloid stigmatose crests.— Cape. 13. H exaglottis.— Perianth-segments subequal, obtuse, spread­ ing from the base. Style-branches cut down to the base into two subulate forks.— Cape. Tribe II. Sisyrinchiee.— Flowers stalked, usually more than one to a spathe, and opening out one after the other, often fugitive. Style-branches alternate with the anthers. Subtribe I. C rocee. — Rootstock a bulb or conn. Spathes essentially 1-flowered. 14. Crocus. — Peduncle short, hidden. Perianth with a long tube and long ascending segments. Style-arms entire or cut into capillary branches.— S. Europe, N. Africa, IF. Asia. 15. S yringodea. — Peduncle short, hidden. Perianth with a long tube; segments spreading or ascending. Style-branches subulate, entire.— Cape. Id. Galaxia.— Peduncle short, hidden. Perianth with a cylin­ drical tube and short obtuse spreading segments. Stigma peltate, petaloid.— Cape. 17. R omulea.— Peduncle produced. Perianth-segments oblong, much exceeding the short tube. Spathe-valves herbaceous.— Mediterranean region, Trop. Africa, Cape. Subtribe II. Cipuree.— Rootstock a bulb or conn. Perianth-tube obsolete. Flowers usually more than one to a spathe, very fugitive.— All American. * Perianth-segments dimorphic. 18. Cipura. — Inner segments connivent. Style-branches dilated. Clusters of flowers sessile, mostly fascicled. Flowers white. 19. Sphenostigma.— Inner perianth-segments spreading. Style- branches dilated. Clusters of flowers peduncled. Flowers generally blue. ** Perianth-segments subequal, obovate-cuneate. 20. E leutherine. — Filaments free. Style-branches long, simple, subulate. Flowers white. 21. Calydorea. — Filaments free. Style-branches subulate, entire or emarginate. Flowers blue or yellow. 22. G elasine. — Filaments united. Style-branches simple, subulate. Flowers blue. 23. Nemastylis. — Filaments free or united. Style-branches cleft to the base into subulate forks. Flowers usually blue. Subtribe III. E usisyrinchiee.— Rootstock not a bulb nor conn. Perianth cleft down to the ovary. Flowers fugitive, usually more than one to a spathe. KEY TO THE GENERA. XI * Perianth-segments unequal. 24. Diplarrhena.— Inner segments shorter, connivent. Upper stamen imperfect.— A ustralia. 25. L ibertia.— Inner segments obovate-cuneate; outer oblong, usually shorter. Stamens all perfect. — Australia, New Zealand, Chili. ** Perianth-segments subequal. 26. Belemcanda.— L eaves broad. Inflorescence a lax corymb. Style-branches flattened and emarginate at the apex. Flowers red, dotted.— China. 27. Orthosanthus. — Clusters panicled. Filaments nearly or quite free. Style-branches subulate. Flowers pale blue, shortly pedicellate.— Australia, Tropical America. 28. B obartia.— Clusters terminal on a leafless peduncle, usually fascicled. Style-branches subulate. Flowers pale yellow, with long pedicels.— Cape. 29. Sisyrinchiuai. — Clusters terminal, single or fascicled. Filaments more or less connate. Style-branches subulate. Flowers usually blue oi yellow ; pedicels long.— America, Sandwich Islands, Ireland. 30. Tapeinia. — Stem very short, bearing a single 1-flowered spathe.— Magellan Straits. Subtribe IY. Ariste.e .— Rootstock not a bulb nor corm. Perianth with a distinct tube above the ovary. Flowers fugitive, usually more than one to a spathe. * Perianth-segments unequal. 31. Patersonia.— Inner segments very small. Filaments con­ nate.— Australia. 32. Cleanthe.— Inner segments the largest, obovate. Filaments free.— Cape. ** Perianth-segments subequal. t Filaments connate. 33. Syjiphyostemon. — Perianth-tube funnel-shaped. Style- branches spreading, subulate.— Chili <£• Southern Andes. 34. ChamjELUM. — Perianth-tube slender. Style shortly tri- cuspidate.— Chili. 35. Solenomelus.— Periantli-tube slender. Style unbranched. — Chili. f t Filaments free. 36. A ristea. — Herbaceous, rarely fruticose. Perianth-tube short, cylindrical. Filaments short, subulate. — Cape, Tropical Africa, Madagascar. 37. W itsen ia.— Fruticose. Perianth-tube funnel-shaped, longer than the segments.— Cape. 38. K lattia. — Fruticose. Perianth-tube short, cylindrical. Filaments very long, filiform.— Cape. X l l KEY TO THE GENERA. Tribe III. Ixie^e.— Flowers spicate,not fugitive,never more than one to a spathe. (This tribe is concentrated at the Cape, but 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 51, 56, & 57 extend also to the mountains of Tropical Africa, 50 to Socotra, and 56 to the Mediterranean region.) * Style-branches simple. Perianth regular. Stamens equilateral. 39. Schizostylis.— Like Hesperantha, but rootstock not thick­ ened into a conn. 40. H esperantha. — Style short; branches long, subulate. Spatlie-valves green. 41. Geissorhiza. — Style longer than in the last; branches shorter, subulate. Spatlie-valves oblong, green or brownish upwards. 42. D ierama.— Style long, with short clavate branches. Spatlie- valves large,
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