Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) En Dos Especies De Passiflora
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The Genus Acraea (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) - Peter Hendry
The genus Acraea (Lepidoptera : Nymphalidae) - Peter Hendry With the recent migration to Australia of the Tawny Coster (Acraea terpsicore (Linnaeus, 1758)), (see Creature Feature this issue), I thought it might be timely to take a look at the genus worldwide. It must be noted that due to a misidentification A. terpsicore had long been known as A. violae and many references in the literature and on the web refer to it as A. violae. As with much of the Lepidoptera the genus is in a state of flux, and has long been split into the subgenera Acraea (Acraea) and Acraea (Actinote). The genus is placed in the tribe Acraeini and until Harvey (1991) placed it in the subfamily Heliconiinae it was listed in the subfamily Acraeinae. Recent molecular work has made changes and a current listing of the tribe Acraeini, by Niklas Wahlberg, is available at http://www.nymphalidae.net/Classification/Acraeini.htm. It shows members of the old subgenus Acraea (Actinote) being placed in the genus Actinote, and the old subgenus Acraea (Acraea) becoming the genus Acraea with a subgenus Acraea (Bematistes). It also lists several Acraea as unplaced. This may further change as some believe the subgenus Acraea (Bematistes) will move to the genus Bematistes. The genus is primarily Afrotropical with only four species occurring outside this region, these being, Acraea andromacha (Fig. 1) A. meyeri (Fig. 10) A. moluccana and A. terpsicore. A fifth species the Yellow Coster Acraea (Actinote) issoria is now referred to the genus Actinote. Like many of the Nymphalidae the larvae feed on plants which contain cyanogens making the larvae and adults poisonous to predators. -
Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and Patterns of Morphological Similarity Among Species from Eight Tribes of Nymphalidae
Revista Brasileira de Entomologia http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262013005000006 External morphology of the adult of Dynamine postverta (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and patterns of morphological similarity among species from eight tribes of Nymphalidae Luis Anderson Ribeiro Leite1,2, Mirna Martins Casagrande1,3 & Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke1,4 1Departamento de Zoologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531–980 Curitiba-PR, Brasil. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT. External morphology of the adult of Dynamine postverta (Cramer) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Biblidinae) and patterns of morphological similarity among species from eight tribes of Nymphalidae. The external structure of the integument of Dynamine postverta postverta (Cramer, 1779) is based on detailed morphological drawings and scanning electron microscopy. The data are compared with other species belonging to eight tribes of Nymphalidae, to assist future studies on the taxonomy and systematics of Neotropical Biblidinae. KEYWORDS. Abdomen; head; Insecta; morphology; Papilionoidea; thorax. Nymphalidae is a large cosmopolitan family of butter- served in dorsal view (Figs. 1–4). Two subspecies are recog- flies, with about 7,200 described species (Freitas & Brown nized according to Lamas (2004), Dynamine postverta Jr. 2004) and is perhaps the most well documented biologi- postverta (Cramer, 1779) distributed in South America and cally (Harvey 1991; Freitas & Brown Jr. 2004; Wahlberg et Dynamine postverta mexicana d’Almeida, 1952 with a dis- al. 2005). The systematic relationships are still somewhat tribution restricted to Central America. Several species sur- unclear with respect to its subfamilies, tribes and genera, and veys and other studies cite this species as Dynamine mylitta even after more than a century of studies on these groups, (DeVries 1987; Mielke 1994; Miller et al.1999; Freitas & these relationships still seem to confuse many who set out to Brown, Jr. -
The Speciation History of Heliconius: Inferences from Multilocus DNA Sequence Data
The speciation history of Heliconius: inferences from multilocus DNA sequence data by Margarita Sofia Beltrán A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London September 2004 Department of Biology University College London 1 Abstract Heliconius butterflies, which contain many intermediate stages between local varieties, geographic races, and sympatric species, provide an excellent biological model to study evolution at the species boundary. Heliconius butterflies are warningly coloured and mimetic, and it has been shown that these traits can act as a form of reproductive isolation. I present a species-level phylogeny for this group based on 3834bp of mtDNA (COI, COII, 16S) and nuclear loci (Ef1α, dpp, ap, wg). Using these data I test the geographic mode of speciation in Heliconius and whether mimicry could drive speciation. I found little evidence for allopatric speciation. There are frequent shifts in colour pattern within and between sister species which have a positive and significant correlation with species diversity; this suggests that speciation is facilitated by the evolution of novel mimetic patterns. My data is also consistent with the idea that two major innovations in Heliconius, adult pollen feeding and pupal-mating, each evolved only once. By comparing gene genealogies from mtDNA and introns from nuclear Tpi and Mpi genes, I investigate recent speciation in two sister species pairs, H. erato/H. himera and H. melpomene/H. cydno. There is highly significant discordance between genealogies of the three loci, which suggests recent speciation with ongoing gene flow. Finally, I explore the phylogenetic relationships between races of H. melpomene using an AFLP band tightly linked to the Yb colour pattern locus (which determines the yellow bar in the hindwing). -
An Updated List of the Butterflies of Chile (Lepidoptera
9 Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 63: 9-31 (2014) AN UPDATED LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES OF CHILE (LEPIDOPTERA, PAPILIONOIDEA AND HESPERIOIDEA) INCLUDING DISTRIBUTION, FLIGHT PERIOD AND CONSERVATION STATUS PART I, COMPRISING THE FAMILIES: PAPILIONIDAE, PIERIDAE, NYM- PHALIDAE (IN PART) AND HESPERIIDAE DESCRIBING A NEW SPECIES OF HYPSOCHILA (PIERIDAE) AND A NEW SUBSPECIES OF YRAMEA MODESTA (NYMPHALIDAE) Dubi Benyamini1, Alfredo Ugarte2, Arthur M. Shapiro3, Olaf Hermann Hendrik Mielke4, Tomasz Pyrcz 5 and Zsolt Bálint6 1 4D MicroRobotics, Israel [email protected]; 2 P. O. Box 2974, Santiago, Chile augartepena@ gmail.com; 3 Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A. amsha- [email protected]; 4 University of Parana, Brazil [email protected]; 5 Zoological Museum, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland [email protected]; 6 Hungarian National History Museum, Budapest, Hungary. [email protected] ABSTRACT During more than half a century, Luis Peña and later his collaborator Alfredo Ugarte, gathered all known butterfl y data and suspected Chilean specimens to publish their seminal book on the butterfl ies of Chile (Peña and Ugarte 1997). Their work summarized the accumulated knowledge up to the end of the 20th century. Since then much additional work has been done by the authors, resulting in the descriptions of numerous new species as well as establishing new species records for Chile, especially in the families Lycaenidae and Nymphalidae (Satyrinae). The list of these two families is still not com- plete, as several new species will be published soon and will appear in part II of this paper. The present work involving four families updates the Chilean list by: 1) describing one new species of Pieridae, 2) describing one new subspecies of Nymphalidae (Heliconiinae), 3) adding in total 10 species and two subspecies to the Chilean list. -
Insects Attacking Passiflora Mollissima and Other Passiflora Species; Field Survey in the Andes
Vol. 29, November 30,1989 71 Insects Attacking Passiflora mollissima and Other Passiflora Species; Field Survey in the Andes ROBERT W. PEMBERTON" ABSTRACT A i\v« and line half month exploration lor insects of Passiflara mollissima (I I.U.K.) Bailey, a problem weed of Hawaiian forests, was made in Peru, Ecuador and Colombia. The "1 lawaiian type" or /'. mollisiima was lrcc|uently encounleied. This form appeared to be within a ratine of variation expressed in /'. mnllhuma in the Andes. Although an assemblage of insects was ob served feeding on /'. motlistima and other Andean Passiflora s|M-cies of the subgenus Tarsonia, the fauna was found to lie jmmii in species when compared to the faunas of the tropical lowland Passiflora. Few of the Passiflora specialist insect groups of the lowlands have moved up to use highland spe< ies and there is little indication that Passiflora specialist groups have developed in the Andes. The most damaging insect found during the survey was Pyrausla jtarlegans I lampson (Pyralidae). tis larvae, like those of the stamen feeding flies seen on the survey (prob. Dasio/n spp., Lonchaeidae. and Xapriolhrifa salrbrmu Wheeler, Drosophilidae). feed within the flower buds causing them to abort. There was much less flowering and fruiting of /'. mollissima in the Andes than in Hawaii. Since these flower bud feeders may be responsible for the difference, they could prove useful in limiting the spread of the plant in Hawaii. More exploration is needed io discover organisms capable of reducing the existing stands of /'. mollissima in Hawaii. Passijiom mollissima (H.B.K.) Bailey (Passifloraceae) is a perennial woody vine, native to the Andes mountains of South America (Killip 1938). -
Conservation of the Arogos Skipper, Atrytone Arogos Arogos (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Florida Marc C
Conservation of the Arogos Skipper, Atrytone arogos arogos (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) in Florida Marc C. Minno St. Johns River Water Management District P.O. Box 1429, Palatka, FL 32177 [email protected] Maria Minno Eco-Cognizant, Inc., 600 NW 35th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32607 [email protected] ABSTRACT The Arogos skipper is a rare and declining butterfly found in native grassland habitats in the eastern and mid- western United States. Five distinct populations of the butterfly occur in specific parts of the range. Atrytone arogos arogos once occurred from southern South Carolina through eastern Georgia and peninsular Florida as far south as Miami. This butterfly is currently thought to be extirpated from South Carolina and Georgia. The six known sites in Florida for A. arogos arogos are public lands with dry prairie or longleaf pine savanna having an abundance of the larval host grass, Sorghastrum secundum. Colonies of the butterfly are threat- ened by catastrophic events such as wild fires, land management activities or no management, and the loss of genetic integrity. The dry prairie preserves of central Florida will be especially important to the recovery of the butterfly, since these are some of the largest and last remaining grasslands in the state. It may be possible to create new colonies of the Arogos skipper by releasing wild-caught females or captive-bred individuals into currently unoccupied areas of high quality habitat. INTRODUCTION tered colonies were found in New Jersey, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, and Mississippi. The three re- gions where the butterfly was most abundant included The Arogos skipper (Atrytone arogos) is a very locally the New Jersey pine barrens, peninsular Florida, and distributed butterfly that occurs only in the eastern and southeastern Mississippi. -
Preferential Oviposition by Heliconiinae (Nymphalidae) Butterflies on Passiflora Biflora (Passifloraceae) Leaves with Higher Cyanide Concentrations
Preferential oviposition by Heliconiinae (Nymphalidae) butterflies on Passiflora biflora (Passifloraceae) leaves with higher cyanide concentrations Phillip Burkholder Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Tulsa ABSTRACT Passiflora spp. produces cyanogenic glycosides to prevent herbivory. The butterfly subfamily Heliconiinae (Nymphalidae) has broken through this defense with the ability to ingest the cyanogenic compounds. A coevolutionary arms race of adaptations and counter-adaptations followed, in which it is believed that Passiflora spp. evolved a series of counter-adaptive defenses, like egg-mimics, leaf shape, and extrafloral nectarines, to specifically combat heliconiines. While sometimes overcoming these adaptations, heliconiines still consider them for oviposition. Additionally, the role of cyanide may also have an effect on oviposition. It has been suggested that while detrimental to larvae, cyanide provides protection that promotes oviposition. There are also numerous studies suggesting defensive and nutritional benefits of CN when Heliconiinae is able to sequester cyanogenic compounds. Many times there are trade-offs in the defenses of young leaves, which might suggest that cyanide indicates fewer defenses. This study examines the role of cyanide (CN) concentrations in Passiflora biflora on ovipostion by Heliconiinae. Two studies were performed on cyanide preference. First, an analysis of cyanide concentration in similar leaves with and without eggs was conducted. Second, leaves had their cyanide concentrations artificially increased with CN/methanol extract and were then monitored for oviposition. When analyzing the cyanide concentrations of similar leaves with and without eggs, a trend of preferential oviposition on leaves of higher cyanide concentration was observed. There also seemed to be a two-fold difference, on average, between leaves with and without eggs, 0.50µg and 0.25µg CN respectively. -
Papilionoidea (Butterfly & Skipper) Species List
Papilionoidea (Butterfly & Skipper) Species List Higher Classification1 Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Arthropoda, Class: Insecta, Order: Lepidoptera, Superfamily: Papilionoidea Family (F:), Subfamily (sF:) and Tribe (T:) Scientific Name1 English Name1 F: Hesperiidae (Skippers) sF: Eudaminae (Spreadwing Skippers) Astraptes anaphus annetta Yellow-tipped Flasher Central American Banded- Autochton vectilucis Skipper Urbanus pronus Pronus Longtail sF: Hesperiinae (Grass Skippers) T: Anthoptini Synapte salenus salenus Salenus Faceted-Skipper T: Calpodini Calpodes cf. ethlius Brazilian Skipper Talides alternata Alternate Ruby-eye T: Hesperiini Hylephila cf. phyleus phyleus Fiery Skipper Poanes inimica Yellow-stained Skipper Poanes cf. zabulon Hobomok Skipper T: Moncini Halotus angellus Angellus Skipper Lerema accius Clouded Skipper Remella rita Rita's Remella sF: Heteropterinae (Skipperlings) Dalla lethaea Schaus' Skipperling sF: Pyrginae (Spread-wing Skippers) T: Achlyodidini Doberes anticus Dark Doberes T: Carcharodini Noctuana lactifera lactifera Cryptic Skipper T: Erynnini Mylon cf. maimon Common Mylon F: Lycaenidae (Gossamerwings) sF: Theclinae (Hairstreaks) T: Eumaeini (Hairstreaks) Contrafacia bassania White-etched Hairstreak F: Nymphalidae (Brushfoots) sF: Apaturinae (Emperors) Doxocopa cyane mexicana Mexican Emperor Doxocopa laurentia cherubina Turquoise Emperor sF: Biblidinae (Exotic Brushfoots) T: Callicorini Diaethria anna anna Anna’s Eighty-eight Diaethria astala astala Astala Eighty-eight Diaethria clymena marchalii Widespread Eighty-eight -
Final Lower Rio Grande Valley and Santa Ana National Wildlife
Final Lower Rio Grande Valley and Santa Ana National Wildlife Refuges Comprehensive Conservation Plan September 1997 (Reprint March 1999) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of the Interior Cover Artwork by Brian Cobble Table of Contents VISION........................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary................................................................................................................... 6 1.0 Introduction and Regional Setting................................................................................. 8 1.1 LRGV Challenges............................................................................................... 8 2.0 Planning Perspectives and Considerations................................................................ 9 2.1 National Wildlife Refuge System ................................................................... 9 2.2 The Service & Ecosystem Management ...................................................... 9 2.3 Refuge Complex and Management Districts........................................... 10 2.4 Laguna Atascosa NWR -- A Partner with LRGV NWR............................ 10 2.5 Planning Perspectives.................................................................................... 10 2.6 The Issues.......................................................................................................... 11 2.7 The Need for Action........................................................................................ -
Papilio (New Series) # 25 2016 Issn 2372-9449
PAPILIO (NEW SERIES) # 25 2016 ISSN 2372-9449 ERNEST J. OSLAR, 1858-1944: HIS TRAVEL AND COLLECTION ITINERARY, AND HIS BUTTERFLIES by James A. Scott, Ph.D. in entomology University of California Berkeley, 1972 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. Ernest John Oslar collected more than 50,000 butterflies and moths and other insects and sold them to many taxonomists and museums throughout the world. This paper attempts to determine his travels in America to collect those specimens, by using data from labeled specimens (most in his remaining collection but some from published papers) plus information from correspondence etc. and a few small field diaries preserved by his descendants. The butterfly specimens and their localities/dates in his collection in the C. P. Gillette Museum (Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado) are detailed. This information will help determine the possible collection locations of Oslar specimens that lack accurate collection data. Many more biographical details of Oslar are revealed, and the 26 insects named for Oslar are detailed. Introduction The last collection of Ernest J. Oslar, ~2159 papered butterfly specimens and several moths, was found in the C. P. Gillette Museum, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado by Paul A. Opler, providing the opportunity to study his travels and collections. Scott & Fisher (2014) documented specimens sent by Ernest J. Oslar of about 100 Argynnis (Speyeria) nokomis nokomis Edwards labeled from the San Juan Mts. and Hall Valley of Colorado, which were collected by Wilmatte Cockerell at Beulah New Mexico, and documented Oslar’s specimens of Oeneis alberta oslari Skinner labeled from Deer Creek Canyon, [Jefferson County] Colorado, September 25, 1909, which were collected in South Park, Park Co. -
Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) Do Rio Grande
O estágio de ovo dos Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) do Rio Grande... 29 O estágio de ovo dos Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil1 Rafael Dell’Erba2, 3, Lucas A. Kaminski4 & Gilson R. P. Moreira4 1. Contribuição no 453 do Departamento de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. 2. PPG Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brasil. 3. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000 Nova Xavantina, MT, Brasil. ([email protected]) 4. Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. ([email protected], [email protected]) ABSTRACT. The egg stage of Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Based upon light and scanning electron microscopy, the external morphology of the egg stage is described and illustrated for the following Heliconiini (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil: Agraulis vanillae maculosa (Stichel, 1907), Dione juno juno (Cramer, 1779), Dione moneta moneta Hübner, 1825, Dryadula phaetusa (Linnaeus, 1758), Dryas iulia alcionea (Cramer, 1779), Philaethria wernickei (Röber, 1906), Eueides isabella dianasa (Hübner, 1806), Eueides aliphera aliphera (Godart, 1819), Heliconius ethilla narcaea Godart, 1819, Heliconius besckei Ménétriés, 1857, and Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775). A dichotomic key is provided for their identification, based upon differences at the levels of generic and ultrastructural morphology, and variation in host-plant use. KEYWORDS. Chorionic ultrastructure, egg morphology, heliconian butterflies, host-plants. -
Examining Dryas Iulia Leaf Preference of Cyanide Content And
Leaf choice in Dryas iulia (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae): cyanide content and toughness Ashley Arthur Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison ABSTRACT Vines in the Passifloraceae synthesize cyanogenic glycosides that deter general herbivores, but Heliconiinae butterfly larvae such as Dryas iulia have overcome this and utilize Passiflora leaves as larval food. Ovipositing adult females and larvae may access the suitability of leaves caused by various plant defenses such as cyanide content and leaf toughness. D. iulia adult females show no preference in cyanide content (9.01μg ± 28.3, 5.77μg ± 12.6) or toughness (238.67g ± 78.4, 266.58g ± 123.1) for ovipostion, yet larvae prefer leaves with a significantly lower cyanide content (9.01μg ± 28.3, 0.47μg ± 0.51) then the average available leaf but average toughness (238.67g ± 78.4, 227.23g ± 80.7). This indicates that larvae are assessing plants to maximize fitness and D. iulia ovipositon is determined by more factors then simply Passiflora leaf cyanide content and toughness. RESUMEN Lianas en la familia Passifloraceae sintetizan glucosas de cianuro que disuaden herbívoros, pero larvas de la subfamilia Heliconiinae como Dryas iulia pueden comer las hojas de Passiflora. Es posible que las hembras adultas y las larvas puedan evaluar la presencia de varias defensas en las hojas como cianuro y grosor. Las hembras de D.iulia no muestran preferencia en el contenido de cianuro (9.01μg ± 28.3, 5.77μg ± 12.6) o grosor (238.67g ± 78.4, 266.58g ± 123.1) para la oviposicion (t=1.02; p=0.307; df=67), aun así las larvas prefieren hojas con significativamente menor contenido de cianuro que las hojas promedio (9.01μg ± 28.3, 0.47μg ± 0.51) y grosor promedio (238.67g ± 78.4, 227.23g ± 80.7).