DOCSLIB.ORG

Native and European Encounters & the Beginning of the Fur Trade

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Native and European Encounters & the Beginning of the Fur Trade Native and European Encounters & The Beginning of the Fur Trade 1492… and Beyond In 1492, Christopher Columbus (Spain) lands in the Caribbean (San Salvador) In 1607, Captain John Smith (England) founds Jamestown Colony In 1608, Samuel De Champlain (France) founds Quebec Three European empires in North America France & England England- Jamestown, VA (1607) Came looking for opportunity Wanted to be individuals France- Quebec (1608) Royal enterprise- expand empire Convert to Christianity Pelts of woodland animals Motives All European nations are here for similar reasons (although some different) Nationalistic: create a world empire North West Passage: water route to Asia Christianity: save the pagan Economics: furs are valuable Native Americans: Two Language Groups Algonquian Iroquois St. Lawrence South/East- Lake Valley/ northern Ontario- New New England York Nomadic Sedentary Hunting/fishing Agriculture Portable wigwams Long houses Bark/Skins Poles/Bark Single family Many families Samuel de Champlain French geographer/ mapmaker Explored St. Lawrence River for fur Algonquin drew map for him to reach inland Governor-general of New France Samuel de Champlain Brought first missionaries to Quebec Didn’t use for faith, used for advancement Convert Natives? Keep them ties culturally and commercially Official French Policy: Befriend the natives These young men are called voyageurs Samuel de Champlain (Route) Etienne Brule Lived with Huron Lake Superior (1621- 1623) First white man to explore lake- possibly Wisconsin No real evidence of travels Etienne Brule (Route) Churchmen Society of Jesus- Jesuits Recently founded Motivated to spread Green Bay/ Madeline Island Jean Nicolet 1634 Lands at Red Banks (near Green Bay) Lived among Natives Heard of Winnebago in Fox River Valley/ Green Bay Thought they knew way to Northwest Passage Jean Nicolet (Route) Jean Nicolet An artistic rendition of his first encounter with the Winnebago Jean Nicolet- First Impression Nicolet has a red & yellow silk robe with embroidered birds Pulls out two pistols and fires into the air The Winnebago flee Nicolet places items on sticks as peace offerings The Winnebago will stay loyal to the French Nicolet’s Legacy Fur Trade 1640- French traders found straits to Lake Superior Saulteurs- “People of the Straits” Anishinabe- “Original Man” Ojibwa- “Puckered” ref to moccasin sewing Ojibwa Chippewa- name given by English Hunters/ trappers Helped French with fur trade Montreal- center of trade War over fur trade Pushed Ojibwa further west to Lake Superior Others joined later Pierre Esprit Radisson Coureurs de bois - “Rangers of the Woods” Bought furs without assistance Gave first contemporary description of Wisconsin Pierre Esprit Radisson Keweenaw Peninsula- copper Ontonagon River- wild rice Chequamegon Bay Welcomed into the tribe Freely traded goods Dakota & Cree Saw European goods with WI Indians Wanted a part of the trade Wooed Radisson Packs of beaver pelts, tools, & trinkets Market value of 60 boatloads? 140,000 livres (1 livre = roughly 1 Spanish $) Trade from the Natives Map of New France Beaver hat & pelt Trade from the French Copper Pots Alcohol Guns/ Tobacco Wool Impact of the French Unlike England, few French will ever come Large colonies, or cities, never established Large wilderness with several outposts/forts Elaborate trade routes using rivers, forts, lakes Metis: French/Native, mixed blood race Fort Michilimackinac (Mackinac Island, MI) Natives become addicted to products Furs depleted/ Culture compromised Colonies The Original WI “Highways” Fort Michilimackinac Au revior, France, Hello, England French control WI (1634-1763) Perfected “highway” between Green Bay, Portage, Prairie du Chien (Fox & WI Rivers) Charles de Langlade: WI’s 1 st permanent European resident (Father of WI) French & Indian War: English colonists worried over French forts (1755-1763) French lose, cede all territory to England England loses area- American Revolution (1776).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Voices of La Crosse: Ho-Chunk Tour
    VOICES OF LA CROSSE HISTORY TOURS USING HEAR, HERE STORIES Ho-Chunk History: From Ancestral Stewards to Modern Activists Land Recognition Statement This tour takes place on the occupied ancestral lands of the Ho-Chunk, who have stewarded this land since time immemorial. The city of La Crosse occupies land that was once a prairie that was home to a band of Ho-Chunk. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act in attempt to forcibly and often violently remove Indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands located east of the Mississippi River to occupied territory west of the river. Throughout the 1830s and 1840s, the Federal Government conducted a series of six attempts to forcibly remove local Ho-Chunk by steamboat via the Mississippi River to reservations in Iowa, northern Minnesota, southwest Minnesota, South Dakota, and finally to Nebraska. The historic steamboat landing where this took place is now Spence Park in downtown La Crosse. However, many of La Crosse’s Ho-Chunk found their way back to their homeland here in La Crosse. and eventually the federal and local governments moved on to new strategies to eradicate Indigenous folks and culture from the newly established United States of America. As of 2016, Wisconsin was home to over 8,000 members of the Ho-Chunk Nation, about 230 of whom live in La Crosse County. Introduction This tour is part of the Voices of La Crosse History Tours, a collaborative project between the La Crosse Library Archives & Local History Department (LPLA), UW-La Crosse (UWL), and Hear, Here.
    [Show full text]
  • Historic Euroamerican Settlement of the Door Peninsula Early Presence the Belgians
    FROMFROM FIRSTFIRST AMERICANSAMERICANS TOTO EUROAMERICANSEUROAMERICANS!! ArchaeologyArchaeology andand HistoryHistory ofof thethe WISWIS 5757 TransportationTransportation CorridorCorridor! ! Historic Euroamerican Settlement of the Door Peninsula Early Presence The Belgians Jean Nicolet was among the first Europeans to arrive in Immigrants from Belgium began to settle the Door Wisconsin, landing on the eastern shore of Green Bay near Peninsula and cleared land for farming in the 1850s. The Red Banks in 1634. He was followed by Claude Allouez in disastrous 1871 wild fire that burned Peshtigo also burned 1639 and Father Louis Hennepin in 1675. much of the Door Peninsula. After the fire, Belgian settlers built distinctive red brick houses and roadside chapels. For the next 200 years, American Indian groups including Many Belgian families supplemented farming income by the Ho-Chunk, Menominee, and Potawatomi shared the manufacturing handmade wooden shingles. region’s resources with Euroamerican explorers and settlers. Following the Civil War, many of the established Belgian settlements grew into large towns and WIS 57 provided the transportation infrastructure necessary to connect these settlements. Today, some 20 percent of Door County residents can claim Belgian ancestry. Marcelin Baudhuin House, built 1871; this is a typical front-gabled house with a spindled porch and segmented arched windows as well as a small, circular bulls-eye window (WHS image) The area around the town of Namur strongly reflects the ethnic Belgian presence on the Door Peninsula and the continuing residence by Belgian-American families. The Namur-Brussels area has been designated a National Historic Landmark District and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
    [Show full text]
  • GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN June 19, 1965
    REMARKS BY VICE PRES I DENT HUBERT HUMPHREY DEDICATION GREEN BAY AIRPORT TERMINAL GREEN BAY, WISCONSIN June 19, 1965 I want to talk to you today about one of America•s last nontiers •.. a frontier as challenging as any in the past ... and a frontier that must be pushed back if all our people are to share in and contribute to the fruits of thi s nation's progress. It is appropriate to discuss the past in Green Bay because some of the early religious and economic history of Wisconsin was made here. And also because -- in both discovering and settling the land -- there are striking historic parallels in the early days of Wisconsin and of America. - 2 - As Christopher Columbus sailed west over the Atlantic to a new world in 1492, Jean Nicolet sailed west over Lake Michigan to step aground on the shore of Green Bay in 1634. In the 1600s the pioneers pushed west and north from the Eastern Seaboard in search of opportunity ... in the 1700s farmers and tradesmen pushed west and north from such Lake Michigan communities as Green Bay for the same reason. All this happened many years ago. Yet the frontier I want to discuss with you today -- the economic frontier -- in many ways i s sti II waiting to be pushed back from Green Bay. The fu II development of the human and economic resources of Wisconsin's Northland still is before us. -3 - As President Johnson has said: •rrhe distress or underdevelopment of any part of the country holds back the progress of the entire nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Ho-Chunk and Winnebago Explained
    Ho-Chunk and Winnebago Explained As explained in the of the Bay. They seated themselves on the borders of a kind of Lake Wisconsin Historical Collections Vol. III [Winnebago] and I judge it was there, that living on fish which they As written in 1857 got in the Lake in great plenty, they gave them the name of Puans, by because all along the shore where their cabins were built, one saw John Gilmary Shea nothing but stinking fish, which infected the air. It appears at least, that this is the origin of the name which other savages had given them Page 137 before us, and which has communicated itself to the bay, far from The Ho-Chunk tribe was referred to as....... which they never removed. Sometime after they had quitted their The Algonquins called them the following: ancient post, they endeavored to revenge the blow they had received Ouinibegouc, Ouninipegouec, Ouenibegoutz, as coming from the Illinois; but this enterprise caused them a loss, from which from the ocean or salt water. they never recovered. Six hundred of their best men were embarked Nicolet called them more properly "Gens de mer" and "Gen to go in seek of the enemy; but as they were crossing Lake Michigan, des Eaux de mer". they were surprised by a violent gust of wind which drowned them Hurons called them Aweatsiwaenr-rhonons. all." Charlevoix adds, "the Ochagras have lately come and seated Sioux called them Otonkah themselves near us, and have built their cabins about the Fort" at Green Bay." Page 285 & 286 The French called them les Puants (The Stinkards).
    [Show full text]
  • Native People of Wisconsin Teacher's Guide
    Revised and Expanded Native People of Wisconsin Teacher’s Guide and Student Materials Patty Loew ♦ Bobbie Malone ♦ Kori Oberle Welcome to the Native People of Wisconsin Teacher’s Guide and Student Materials DVD. This format will allow you to browse the guide by chapter. See the following sections for each chapter’s activities. Before You Read Activities Copyright Resources and References Published by the Wisconsin Historical Society Press Publishers since 1855 © 2016 by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin Permission is granted to use the materials included on this disc for classroom use, either for electronic display or hard copy reproduction. For permission to reuse material for commercial uses from Native People of Wisconsin: Teacher’s Guide and Student Materials, 978-0-87020-749-5, please access www.copyright.com or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for- profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. Photographs identified with WHi or WHS are from the Society’s collections; address requests to reproduce these photos to the Visual Materials Archivist at the Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State Street, Madison, WI 53706. CD cover and splash page: The Whitebear family (Ho-Chunk) as photographed by Charles Van Schaick, ca. 1906, WHi 61207. CD Splash page, from left to right: Chief Oshkosh, Wisconsin Historical Museum 1942.59; Waswagoning Village, photo by Kori Oberle; girl dancing, RJ and Linda Miller, courtesy
    [Show full text]
  • 1609: Samuel De Champlain Reaches the Lake
    1609: Samuel de Champlain Reaches the Lake Champlain’s Battle Scene 1609.Samuel de Champlain ca. 1613. 1609: Quadricentennial Curriculum Samuel de Champlain Reaches the Lake: 1 Background Samuel de Champlain By Joseph-André Senécal Samuel de Champlain was born at Brouage around 1570. There is no known portrait of the Father of New France and little is known about his family. His father and uncle were sea captains and he informed the French court that the art of navigation had attracted him from his “tender youth.” We do not know where he learned the many skills (navigation; cartography; drawing; geography) that prepared him for his North American experience. In all likelihood Champlain learned about sailing at Brouage, a port on the French Atlantic coast, a key stopover for ships of all nations who needed to take on cargoes of salt before sailing for the fishing grounds off Newfoundland and the coast of New England. Concerning his military skills, we know that he served as a soldier in the French province of Brittany where Catholic forces allied with Spain opposed Henry IV as the rightful king of France. From 1595 to 1598, he served in the army of Henry IV with the title of sergeant quartermaster. His uncle was also involved in this final chapter of the war of religions and, at the conclusion of hostilities, we find them reunited at the port of Blavet where the two sailed for Spain in 1598. From Spain Champlain joined a fleet bound for the Spanish West Indies, a voyage that took him two years and a half.
    [Show full text]
  • Where Did Nicolet Go? [By] Clifford P. Wilson
    Where Did Nicolet Go? Cli^ord P. Wilson THE THEORY that Jean Nicolet visited Green Bay in 1634 has been accepted as gospel truth for so long—even by leading historians— that any attempt to show he did not wiU doubdess be greeted with disdain. Considering how extremely flimsy is the evidence upon which the accepted theory is based, however, I may perhaps be pardoned for advancing another one. First, let us recognize the fact that all reports of Nicolet's journey to the "People of the Sea" have come down to us second hand. He left no firsthand accounts, but he told of his adventures to some Jesuits, who wrote them into their Relations in somewhat garbled form. The earUest reference to Nicolet's voyage of 1634 is found in Paul Le Jcune's Relation for 1640.^ "Let us return now to the fresh-water sea [Lake Huron]" it reads. "This sea is nothing but a large Lake which, becoming narrower in the West, or the West Northwest, forms another smaller Lake,^ which then begins to enlarge into another great Lake or second fresh-water sea." Disregarding any previous theories as to where Nicolet went, let us interpret this passage in terms of modern geographical knowl­ edge. The picture we get is of Lake Huron narrowing to the St. Mary's River, then widening into a smaller lake, which in turn en­ larges into Lake Superior. The question arises: "Which is the smaller lake?" On the next page of Le Jeune's Relation we come to this pas­ sage: "for, in fact, there is a Rapid, which rushes at this point [Sault de Ste.
    [Show full text]
  • July 24Th 2021
    Published Bi-Weekly for the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska • Volume 50, Number 15 • Saturday, July 24, 2021 Bago Bits… Mask Mandate Reinstated Immediately The Winnebago Health Education’s An- nual Health Fair was held at the Twelve Clans Unity Hospital. Programs set up booths to share valuable information with the community and handed out plenty of goodies! Mask Mandate went into effect immediately on July 20th, 2021 for all indoor public buildings and businesses within the boundaries of the Winnebago Reservation. Photo by Winonah Leader Charge. A group of Winnebago youth attended Winonah Leader Charge the 18th annual NABI 2021 basketball tournament in Phoenix, AZ over the past Winnebago, NE—Looking at the stats was passed with a 6 to 1 vote. in the area, it is important to take all weekend. Excellent job to these young and data Mona Zuffante Winnebago ladies for representing the Winnebago The Mask Mandate went into effective precautions. The Best defenses against Public Health Administrator recom- Tribe. Team name: Wakšik Hinuk!(Photo immediately on the Winnebago Reserva- COVID-19 and its variants is to take all courtesy of Eug DeCora) mended reinstating the Mask Mandate tion. This is a safety measure to combat the precautions. to tribal council. and limit the spread of the COVID-19 • Get vaccinated On July 19th, Winnebago Tribal virus and its variants. • Wear a facemask Council Member Louis La Rose mo- As of June, 71-percent of people liv- •Wash hands often with warm water tioned to reinstate the mask mandate ing in the Winnebago community, who and soap within the boundaries of the Winnebago are at least 12 years old, had received at •Practice physical distance between Reservation, for all indoor public build- least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.
    [Show full text]
  • Corn Moon Migrations: Ho-Chunk Belonging, Removal, and Return in the Early Nineteenth-Century Western Great Lakes
    Corn Moon Migrations: Ho-Chunk Belonging, Removal, and Return in the Early Nineteenth-Century Western Great Lakes By Libby Rose Tronnes A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) at the UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON 2017 Date of final oral examination: 12/13/2017 The dissertation is approved by the following members of the Final Oral Committee: Susan L. Johnson, Professor, History William Cronon, Professor, History John Hall, Associate Professor, History Stephen Kantrowitz, Professor, History Larry Nesper, Professor, Anthropology and American Indian Studies ProQuest Number:10690192 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10690192 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 © Copyright Libby Rose Tronnes 2017 All Rights Reserved i Table of Contents Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………….ii Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………..vi List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………..………viii
    [Show full text]
  • Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 11: A
    Library of Congress Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 11 COLLECTIONS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN EDITED AND ANNOTATED BY REUBEN G. THWAITES CORRESPONDING SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY VOL. XI Published by Authority of Law MADISON, WISCONSIN DEMOCRAT PRINTING COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS 1888 Committee on Printing and Publication. REUBEN G. THWAITES. LYMAN C. DRAPER. JAMES D. BUTLER. DAVID ATWOOD. EX-OFFICIO. ERNST G. TIMME, Secretary of State. HENRY B. HARSHAW, State Treasurer F576 .W81 2d set Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 11 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689a Library of Congress LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 452520 JUN 27 1903 SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT. CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Alexander Mitchell, steel portrait Frontispiece Officers of the Society for 1888 vii Preface xi Jean Nicolet, Interpreter and Voyageur in Canada—1618–1642. Henri Jouan 1 Bibliography of Jean Nicolet. Consul Willshire Butterfield 23 Important Western State Papers 26 Papers: French Domination—Saint Lusson's procès-verbal, June 14, 1671, 26; La Salle's procès-verbal, March 14, 1682, 29; La Salle's procès-verbal, April 9, 1682, 33; Perrot's minute of taking possession, May 8, 1689, 35. English Domination—Preliminary articles of peace, Nov. 3, 1762, 36; Definitive treaty of peace, Feb. 10, 1763, 39; Proclamation of King George, Oct. 7, 1763, 46; Quebec act, 53. American Domination—Provisional articles of peace, Nov. 30, 1782, 60; Definitive treaty of peace, Sept. 3, 1783, 60; Jay's treaty, Nov. 19, 1794, 61; Jefferson's plan for the government of the Western Territory, 1784, 61; Ordinance of 1787, 63.
    [Show full text]
  • Door County Byways
    RV Traveler's Roadmap to Door County Byways You'll marvel at Door County Coastal Byway's natural beauty. With scenic vistas of Lake Michigan and the Niagara Escarpment bluffs, dense forest areas and shore-side towns, this byway is the perfect choice for a relaxing scenic drive. You can also stop at three state parks and several lighthouses. 1 Highlights & Facts For The Ideal Experience View along the shore of Whitefish Dunes State Park. Trip Length: Roughly 200 miles Best Time To Go: Year-round but best in summer for water activities and in fall for spectacular foliage. Must See Nearby Attractions: The Door County "fish boil" (outdoor cooking tradition featured at many restaurants Green Bay Packer Hall of Fame (Green Bay) 2 Traveler's Notes Point Beach State Forest The route offers a range of resources and activities with scenic vistas of Lake Michigan, the Bay of Green Bay and the Niagara Escarpment bluffs, as well as dense forest, agricultural lands, and quaint shore-side towns and villages. Situated between Lake Michigan and Green Bay, the Door County Peninsula has 298 miles of shoreline and is peaked by a series of islands and stretch of water named the Death's Door Strait. With lush forests and unique rock formations enhanced by the Niagara Escarpment, the geography and ecology of Door County makes it easy to find a treasure at every turn. At Red Banks you will get your first look at the grand view overlooking Green Bay. A historical marker here commemorates the visit of French explorer Jean Nicolet in 1634.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential Wisconsin Topics for 2021
    National History Day in Wisconsin Topics Jean Nicolet – Myth versus Reality Time Period: Early 1600s Type of History: Political, Economic, Native American, Early Explorers What is this about? Jean Nicolet was a French Canadian explorer credited with being the first person of European descent to set foot in what is today Wisconsin. As the story goes, Nicolet was searching for the rumored Northwest Passage, a water-route across northern Canada that would lead to the Pacific Ocean. When arriving on the shores of Green Bay, Nicolet disembarked from his canoe wearing Chinese silk robes, fired his pistols into the air, and was immediately disappointed to realize he was not, in fact, in China. New research by Patrick Jung has uncovered the truth behind these myths, discovering that much of Nicolet’s story has been misinterpreted and miscommunicated through the ages as historians added their own “facts” to the story. Keywords: Jean Nicolet, Samuel De Champlain, Etienne Brule Where to Start? The Misunderstood Mission of Jean Nicolet by Patrick J. Jung: https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/9912596113802121 Turning Points from the Wisconsin Historical Society: https://www.wisconsinhistory.org/turningpoints/tp-006/#tid2 The Lead Rush and the Treaty Era Time Period: Early 1800s – 1848 Type of History: Political, Economic, Native American What is this about? The story of how we became the Badger State is familiar to most schoolchildren. Lead was "discovered" in the southwestern portions of the state, and miners came from all over the world. Many of them were from Cornwall, England. In fact, so many miners came that soon we had enough voters to go from territory to statehood.
    [Show full text]