DEVELOP THE YAM

Beijing'^ir VOL. 33, NO. 52 DEC. 24-30, 1990

Li's Visit Promotes Peace and Friendship

D China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace, and CONTENTS will not pose any threat to any country in the Asian and Pacific region, either in the remaining years of this century or EVENTS/TRENDS 4-7 inithe next century, Chinese Premier Li Peng says in Manila Li Peng Continues South Asian on'December 15 (p. 4). Tour Saudi King Praises China's Gulf Li Peng Looics 10 Years Into Future Stand Reunification: A Task in '90s a China is set to maintain sustained stability and co-ordinated Catching Up With the Developed deyelopment of the economy for the attainment of its second- 182 Million Own Life Insurance stage strategic goal in socialist construction. The policy of News In Brief reform and opening to the outside world will remain un• changed and the planned economy is to be integrated with market,force for better results (p. 13). INTERNATIONAL China's Noticeable Diplomacy of 1990 8 China's Diplomatic Success in 1990 North-South Economic ties: Past and Future 9 • China has achieved marked successes in its foreign relations with other countries. It has established diplomatic relations CHINA with Namibia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore and the Republic of Chinese Premier on Guidelines of Marshall Islands. It has also restored diplomatic relations with the 10-Year Plan 13 Indonesia. Meanwhile, relations between China and the Soviet Anhui: Rediscovering the Yangtze Union have normalized and those with Western countries have Valley 18 improved, (p. 8). Interest in Psychoanalysis Grows in China 24 Problems Confronting North-South Ties Sister Cities: A Window for Mutual Accommodation 27 • In the last decade of this century, relations between the Major Data of the 1990 Census developed and developing nations depend largely on how the (3): Population of China's dark legacy of the 1980s will be handled, a legacy which left Ethnic Nationalities 30 third world economies devastated through escalating debts, price gaps between primary and finished products, and in• BUSINESS/TRADE 32-34 creased trade barriers created by Western protectionist policies (p. 9). TOURISM 35

CULTURE/SCIENCE 36-37 Anhui Province Set to Develop the Yangtze BOOKS 38 • To expedite the development and opening-up of Anhui Province, the provincial authorities have made a strategic Index (Nos. 27-52, 1990) I-XII policy decision on developing the Anhui section of the Yantze River and will give priority to improving the investment COVERi A dock used exclusively for for• environment of four cities along the river (p. 18). eign trade at Wuhu Harbour in Anhui Province. * Beijing Review issue No.l, 1991 will be published on Photo by Wan Xuan January 7.

General Editorial Office Published every Monday by BEIJING REVIEW Subscription rates (1 year): Tel: 8314318 24 Baiwanzhuang Road, Beijing 100037 Australia.. ,.A.$30.50 TLX: 222374 FLPDACN The People's Republic of China New Zealand ..NZ.$40.50 FAX: 8314318 Distributed by China International Book UK 16.50 English Dept. Tel: 8315599 Ext. 546 Trading Corporation (GUOJI SHUDIAN) USA US$30.50 P.O. Box 399, Beijing, China Canada Can.$30.50 EVENTS / TRENDS broaden common ground and de• velop co-operation between the Li Peng Continues South Asian Tour two countries. At the welcoming banquet giv• en by President Corazon Aquino hinese Premier Li Peng and The two leaders briefed each that evening, the Chinese pre• Malaysian Prime Minister other on their domestic policies mier said that friendly relations C Dr. Mahathir Mohamad and develoments and exchanged and co-operation in all technical expressed their common will that views on international issues of areas between the two countries trade and economic relations be• common concern. had consistantly increased since tween the two countries be boost• On the Cambodian issue, they the two countries established di• ed. The Chinese leader arrived expressed the hope that another plomatic relations in 1975. in Malaysia on December 10 to Paris conference would be con• Li said Aquino's goodwill visit start the first leg of his south vened at an early date so that to China in 1988 "contributed to Asian visit, which was also to a political solution could be consolidating and expanding the take him to the Philippines, Laos achieved, as called for by the five friendly relations between the and Sri Lanka. members of the United Nations ; two countries." During a three-hour official Security Council. In her speech, Aquino said talk with his Malaysian coun• Mahathir voiced appreciation both the Philippines and China terpart on December 11, the for China's positive role as a were engrossed in massive na• Chinese premier said that he ex• peace-keeper on the Security tional undertakings to accelerate pected his current visit to further Council. economic development so that the friendship and co-operation In an exchange of views on the their respective people may real• between the two countries. Gulf crisis, the two sides said ize a higher quality of life. He stressed that differences in ; they need to initiate political dia• Aquino reiterated her commit• social systems and national con• logue and make joint efforts to- ment to a "one China" policy, ditions would not affect Sino- ! wards preventing war in the re- saying that it was the "corner• Malaysian relations, which are I gion. stone" of Manila's relations with based on the Five Principles of At a cocktail reception held by j Beijing. Peaceful Coexistence. the Malaysian National Cham• The two countries have signed Mahathir said that since his ber of Commerce and Industry agreements on exchanges of visit to China in 1985, bilateral that same evening, Li welcomed products and co-operation in cul• trade volume has tripled and ge• the decision of the Malaysian ture, civil aviation and science nerally developed very smooth• Government to remove its res• and technology. Bilateral trade ly. The six trade agreements be• trictions on tourist visit to China, between China and the Philip• tween the two countries signed saying that it was a wise step pines totalled US$300 million thus far are responsible for this i which would promote economic last year and is expected to top expansion, he said. co-operation and exchanges be- I US$400 million in 1990. Besides, Mahathir added, Ma• tween the two countries. During their talks the follow• laysia has removed restrictions Li assured Malaysian business• ing day. Premier Li expressed on visits to China and non• men that China attached great appreciation for the Philippine's governmental cultural exchanges importance to the development "one China" policy. between the two nations have in• of trade and economic co• "We have consistently held creased. operation with Malaysia. He that the Taiwan issue be solved During their talks, both sides promised that China would con• peacefully," Li said, adding that expressed satisfaction on the de• tinue its reforms and the poli• China may not have objections velopment of bilateral trade, cy of opening up to the out• when countries having diplomat• which stood at US$1.04 billion in side world, and added that the ic relations with the People's Re• 1989. They hoped that such de• Chinese government supports the public of China keep contacts velopments would continue. idea that bilateral trade should with Taiwan, as long as such con• To accommodate increasing be conducted on a direct basis. tacts are not official diplomatic economic co-operation and per• Li left Malaysia and arrived in relations. sonnel and cultural exchanges, the Philippines on December 13. China agreed to increase crude the two countries expect their In a written statement upon his oil supply to the Philippines to already-established airlines to ex- arrival, Li said that the purpose alleviate the country's petrol I pand their service on a reciprocal of his visit is to promote friend• shortages caused by the Gulf 1 basis. ship, deepen understanding. crisis. The Chinese premier an-

4 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 19M0 EVENTS / TRENDS nounced the donation of 100 bus• years of this century or in the He also said that China is not es to Manila as a symbol of next century. j in favour of any country having friendship. "China pursues an indepen• 1 military bases on the territory Expressing her satisfaction dent foreign policy of peace," he [ of foreign countries. He said the with the dvelopment of bilateral said: "The major task for ourI presence of US military bases in relations between the two coun• country at present is economic the Philippines is a question that I remains unanswered, adding he tries since they established di• reconstruction and modernza- j believed that the Philippine gov• plomatic ties in 1975, Aquino tion, which requires political ernment and people will properly promised that the Philippines stability and a peaceful interna• solve it with the United States on would take all necessary mea• tional environment." the assumption that the interests sures to simplify visa processing He said that China's military of the Philippine people be prodedures for visitors from force was purely defensive in na• served first. China. ture and it had no intention to Li also told reporters that Answering a reporter's ques• launch military intervention in China was willing to establish di• tion at a press conference on De• other countries in the region. plomatic ties with Brunei, the cember 15, Li said that China "Should China have any influ• last country in the Association of would not pose a threat to any ence," I^i said, "it would be for Southeast Asian Nations which country in the Asian and Pacific facilitating peace and friendship does not have such relations with region, either in the remaining in the region." China, •

it could to seek a peaceful solu• Saudi King Praises China's Gulf Stand tion so long as there is even a shred of hope. But as the danger of the eruption of war still ex• nnhe Gulf crisis commands safety of small nations, opposi• ists, the international commun• the attention of the inter• tion against aggression and wish- ity should keep vigilant watch T national community, parti• I es to promote international peace over the situation. cularly after the United Nations I and security. Such a position is He added that the internation• Security Council recently adopt• i worthy of universal praise, he al community should keep its ed Resolution 678 which author• I said. pressures on Iraq without hin• izes "the use of all necessary On receiving the letter, Yang dering the prospects for peace. means, in essence, permitting the told the envoy that China be• On Resolution 678 the Chinese use of military force unless Iraq lieves that relations among all president said China has made it withdraws its forces from Ku• countries should be based on the clear that it stands for a peaceful wait before January 15, 1991." Five Principles of Peaceful Coex• resolution to the Gulf crisis. The crisis is intensifying as the istence. Based on these prin• Althonayan, also Saudi Ara• danger of war increases daily. ciples, he said, China stands bia's vice-minister for foreign af• Many state leaders and diplom• i vehemently opposed to the Iraqi fairs, said his country will make ats are now making last ditch j invasion and annexation of Ku- every effort to seek a fair solu• efforts to settle the crisis peace• j wait and holds that Kuwait's in- tion to the crisis, namely, Iraq's fully. In this regard, China's i dependence, sovereignty, terri- withdrawal from Kuwait. He stand is conspicuous for its con• I torial integrity and legitimate also held talks with Chinese sistency. In a letter to Chinese I government should be restored. Vice-Foreign Minister Qi Huai- President Yang Shangkun, King He added that China under• yuan on the crisis, bilateral rela• Fahd of Saudi Arabia expressed stands that some neighbouring tions and other issues of common his country's appreciation to countries of Iraq invited foreign concern. China for its position. troops to stay in their territories President Yang said that since The letter was delivered to to protect their own territorial the two countries established di• Yang in Beijing on December 11 integrity. plomatic relations in July, fre• by the Saudi king's special envoy He pointed out that the crisis quent exchange of visits at a high Abdul al-Aziz Althonayan. should be solved through peace• level has marked the dawning of King Fahd wrote that China's ful means. The international a new era in Sino-Saudi Arabian position shows its concern for the ! community should do everything relations. •

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 5 EVENTS/TRENDS

tion of the motherland. They added that it is necessary' Reunification: A The conference emphasized to unite all people for the peace• that the two parties, namely ful reunification and revitaliza-t iQSk in '90s the CPC and the Kuomintang, tion of the motherland. • n important political task should start a dialogue as soon as facing the Party and the possible. Other parties and or• Catching Up With A nation during the 1990s is ganizations on both sides of the to seek a solution to the Taiwan Taiwan Straits should also be in• theDeveioped issue and realize reunification of cluded in the negotiations. the motherland at an early date, Negotiations can be either hina will sustain a signi• according to a seven-day nation• held at a high level or initiated ficant level of economic al working conference on Tai• at a lower level. Priority topics C growth in order to grad• wan affairs. may include plans for a peaceful ually narrow its economic gap Delegates to the conference, reunification, and the develop• with the developed nations, a sponsored by the Party's Central ment of direct exchanges of Sate Council official said. Committee, were told that the mail, trade, and air and shipping In an interview with a Ger• whole Party will continue to car• services. man journalist, Yuan Mu, ry out the policy of "peaceful The conference stressed that it spokesman of the State Council, reunification" and "one country, is necessary to build up exten• said that China will maintain an two systems." In addition, the sive contacts with various pol• average yearly economic growth Party will continue its work con• itical parties, organizations and rate of 6 percent during the next cerning Taiwan affairs in a persons in Taiwan, enhance mu• decade. This rate compares fa• down-to-earth manner, and ac• tual understanding and seek vorably to a lower figure fore• tively promote the relations be• common grounds. Where there is cast by many economist in the tween the two sides of the Tai• a common ground and mutual world, he added. wan Straits in an effort to ac• trust there is the foundation for The focus of China's economic celerate the process of peaceful reunification. development in the next decade, reunification. The delegates pointed out that he said, will be placed on agri• Since the Third Plenary Ses• it is necessary to further expand culture, basic industry and in• sion of the 11th Party Central personnel and other types of ex• frastructure. Education, science Committee in 1978, the Party, changes, particularly those in• and technology will also be acting on Deng Xiaoping's pro• volving economic and trade rela• boosted. posal, has set the peaceful reu• tions. Yuan said that China wel• nification of the motherland as It is imperative to constantly comes foreign investment in one of its major goals for China's study new situations and issues, these areas, and will continue its new period of historical develop• and substantiate and improve co-operation and exchanges with ment. The Party has also formu• existing policies and measures to foreign countries in the econo• lated the principle of "peaceful encourage and facilitate contacts mic, scientific and technological reunification" and "one country, and exchanges between the peo• fields. two systems." ple on both sides of the straits. The spokesman pointed out During the past decade, the The conference urged the Tai• that the reforms and open poli• relations between the two sides wan authorities to initiate posi• cy, which have revitalized Chi• of the Taiwan Straits have tive and practical measures for na's economy and benefitted the changed dramatically. Large the promotion of exchanges be• Chinese people, have reached a numbers of Taiwanese com• tween the two sides by lifting point of no return. The reforms patriots came to the mainland to their unreasonable limitations. will be carried through, and the visit their relatives, tour or do Reunification of the mother• nation's doors will swing still business. People-to-people ex• land does not mean that one wider to the outside world. changes in the fields of culture, side will annihilate the other; He said that in the next decade academics, science and technolo• instead, it means that the entire the country will have a new eco• gy and sports have also made Chinese nation will unite to de• nomic structure and operating much headway. velop the motherland more rap• mechanism based on reforms Delegates to the conference idly, delegates said. and improved material and tech• voiced the hope that the Taiwan They stressed that the 1990s is nological conditions. The new authorities and people will make a critical period for promoting structure will furnish a better efforts to realize the reunifica• the process of the reunification. foundation for further develop-

6 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30. 1990 EVENTS/TRENDS ment of China's economy during Those buying life insurance in• agreement could be reached be• the next century. clude city and rural individual tween the two sides when it un• Questioned about the Sino- business owners or employees ilaterally approved the comm• Soviet relations, Yuan stressed from private or foreign funded encement of Canada-Taiwan air tha\s of what may oc• enterprises. Statistics show that services. cur in the Soviet Union, China in 1989 more than 4.84 million In view of Canada's action, will continue to devolop friendly workers and 940,000 retired he added, "the Chinese side re• relations with the country on the workers in 39,000 collective en• serves the right to make further basis of the Five Principles of terprises purchased life insur• responses." Peaceful Coexistence. ance policies. IVI. East Peace Conference He added that friendly co• Experiments are currently un• Chinese Foreign Ministry operation between the two coun• derway in Shanghai and Guang• Spokesman Li Zhaoxing an• tries has progressed in many dong which will substitute free nounced that China supports the areas since the normalization of public health care in state-owned convocation of a UN-sponsored their diplomatic relations. enterprises with medical care in• international Middle East peace In the process of settling the surance. A nation-wide social se• conference to be attended by Hong Kong issue, the spokes• curity network has also been es• the five permanent UN Security man said, the Chinese and Bri• tablished for those employed in Council members and all con• tish governments have adopted non-state-owned enterprises. Ad• cerned parties in the region. a friendly and co-operative atti• ditionally, a series of insurance The conference represents "an tude to each other. policies associated with family planning have become available effort to seek a fair and reason• He believes the prospects for able settlement to the Persian co-operation l?etween the two in Jiangsu, Shandong, Gansu, Henan and Anhui provinces. Gulf crisis through political governments on the smooth means," he said. "We are pleased transition of Hong Kong to The life insurance business is with and fully support the reso• Chinese sovereignty are good. expected to thrive in the next lution adopted by the 45th ses• Setbacks in Sino-British rela• five years, with the advent of sion of the UN General Assem• tions which occured some time more complete and diversified bly on December 6 calling for an ago were not caused by the insurance policies. • international peace conference." Chinese side, he noted, adding Li said, "It is our hope that the that "they are becoming by• UN secretary-general will con• gones." News In Brief tinue to coordinate the efforts of China has welcomed state• all quarters so that such a con• ments by the new British Prime Air Service Opposed ference can take place at the ear• Minister John Major that Bri• The opening of air service to liest possible date." tain will maintain a friendly pol• Taiwan by any foreign air• Condolences icy towards China, the spokes• line is not an issue of non• man said. • governmental economic and President Yang Shangkun sent trade relations, but a political a telegram, on December 15, ex• issue concerning China's state pressing condolences to Taiwan 182 Million Own sovereignty. on the death of Chang Chun, chairman of the presidium of the Life Insurance A Chinese Foreign Ministry Central Advisory Committee of spokesman made the remark at a the Kuomintang. Chang, 101, he life insurance busi• weekly news briefing on Decem• died on December 14 in Taipei. ness is rapidly developing ber 13 in Beijing. T throughout China. In 1989 Commenting on the approval China's First Sea Bridge more than 182 million people by the Canadian government to Construction of a 6,599-metre- possessed some form of life in• open air service between Canada long highway bridge over the surance, with premiums for the and Taiwan, the spokesman said Gaoji Strait at Xiamen in Fujian year totalling 4.6 billion yuan. that China and Canada began Province was recently complet• Since 1982, the year China consultations on the matter as ed. The country's first sea bridge first introduced the life insur• early as September of last year. which links Xiamen Island with ance business, the variety of life Regrettably, however, he said Jimei on the mainland is expect• insurance policies available has , the Canadian government ed to be open to traffic on May dramatically developed into failed to keep its promise not to 1 next year. Construction started a fairly comprehensive series. take unilateral action before an in January 1988. •

BEIJLXG REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 7 INTERNATIONAL China's Noticeable Diplomacy of 1990 by Chen Wenying and Chen Xiaochun n the passing year 1990, when the international si• I tuation underwent drastic changes, China has upheld its policy of reform and opening up to the outside world while retain• ing its independent foreign poli• cy of peace. Following the Five Principles of Peaceful Coex• istence, China has developed friendly relations with various countries and achieved notice• able diplomatic successes. This year China has estblished diplomatic relations with four countries — Namibia; Saudi Ar• abia, Singapore and the Republic of Marshall Islands in the Pacif• ic. China has also restored di• Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meeting with Premier Li Peng at the Kremlin on plomatic relations with Indone• April 24, 1990. sia after a 23-year suspension. In the passing year China's re• leaders of these three countries the normalization of diplomatic lations with its neighbouring na• recently visited China. All these relations between China and the tions have improved and devel• marked a new period character• Soviet Union in May 1989, bila• ized by an all-round develop• teral relations have steadily de• oped. Last August Premier Li veloped. Premier Li Peng's visit Peng paid a visit to Indonesia, ment in relations between China to Moscow last spring has streng- Singapore and Thailand. The and the ASEAN countries. Since thend the good neighbourly re• President Yang Shangkun welcomes Indonesian President Suharto and his wife in lations. General Secretary Jiang Beijing on November 14. phun hy U ZHIYLIAN Zemin paid a friendly visit to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea last March and this has strengthened the traditionally friendly relations between the two neighbours. The relations be• tween China and Mongolia have obviously improved. New pro• ^^^^^^^^^ ^^J^JJJJl^^ gress has been made in the posi• tive relations between China and the South Asian countries. Sino- Japanese relations are moving to• wards the normalcy. Premier Li's official visit to Malaysia, the Philippines, Laos and Sri Lanka in December has further strengthened friendship with them. This year has seen a marked increase in China's contacts with other third world countries. Last

8 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24 .10, 1990 INTERNATIONAL

May President Yang Shangkun promote dialogues between the terprises in China. Sino-US re• visited Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay, North and South and the South- lations have also improved. Re• Argetina and Chile. This was South co-operation. Such a stand cently Chinese Foreign Minister the first visit by China's head of of the Chinese government has Qian Qichen paid an official visit state to Latin American coun• won appreciation and support to the United Slates at invitation tries since the founding of New from other third world countries. of Secretary of State James Bak• China in 1949. Chairman of China adheres to the policy of er. The Sino-UK relations have the Standing Committee of the reform and opening up to the also improved. In the first six Chinese National People's Con• outside world. Its stable situation months of this year, trade be• gress Wan Li visited Pakistan, at home, economic development tween China and Britain and Iran and Iraq. In the meantime and increasingly important pos• France increased. Delegations and groups from Western coun• more than 20 heads of state or ition and role in world affairs have made more and more West• tries visiting China have in• government from Asia, Afri• creased, co-operative projects ex• ca and Latin America visited ern countries realize the import• ance of restoring, normalizing panded and investmnets into China. These visits provided op• and improving their relations industry and commerce aug• portunities for the leaders to ex• with China. Last July Japan re• mented. change views on continued de• sumed loans of yen to China. On China as a permanent member velopment of bilateral relations October 22, the foreign ministers of the United Nations Security and regional and international of the 12 member states of the Council has made great efforts in issues of common concern and European Community at a meet• solving international and region• deepened the mutual under• ing held in Luxembourg decided al issues. standing. During this period to immediately cancel political, On the international issues China signed a number of agree• economic and cultural sanctions such as the Gulf crisis and the ments involving economy, trade, against China. On October 25 the Cambodian issue, China persists science and technology, culture French government announced in principle, seeking the and education with other coun• resumption of negotiations on truth from facts and pulling tries. loans to China. On October 30 everything into consideration. It China always supports the just Bundestag (Federal Assembly) strives for world peace and jus• demands and reasonable propos• of Germany cancelled the lim• tice. All of this is acknowleded als of other third world coun• itation on German-Chinese co• by many countries and the inter• tries. It joins with them in the operation and promised to prov• national public opinion. China's effort to change the unjust in• ide a guarantee to the projects stand is considered "very wise" ternational economic order, to undertaken by the German en• and "invulnerable." •

orth-South relations refer pri• marily to economic ties between North-South Economic N the developed nations, concen• trated in the Northern Hemisphere, Ties: Past and Future and developing nations, predominantly located in the Southern Hemisphere. by Wang Hexing This relationship evolved from a stale• mate in the early 1980s to a state of mutual compromise in the late 1980s. Austere conditions for granting developmental How the relations will develop in the aid to developing countries, the lingering debt 1990s is a question of worldwide con• crisis, the ever widening of the price gap cern. A review of the path that North- between primary products and manufactured South relations travelled in the 1980s goods, and the struggle for and against trade suggests this relationship will be con• fronted with the following major prob• protectionism, are the major questions in lems. North-South relations to be addressed in the last decade of this century. Despite any Developmental Aid past friction, the trend towards growing interdependence in the world economy makes The primary problem in third world countries' economic development is the it necessary for North and South to co-operate: shortage of funds, and the major way of resolving this problem is to obtain

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 9 INTERNATIONAL economic assistance from devel• cific during the fourth Lome question of human rights will be• oped nations and international Agreement 11.8 billion European come a major criterion in Western multilateral institutions. Accord• Currency Units (US$13 billion), a nations' decisions to provide aid or ing to statistics, developmental aid 39 percent increase over the pre• not. Thus, it is expected that ser• accounts for more than 75 percent vious agreement amount of ious bargaining will erupt between of the total volume of capital in• US$9.35 billion. the North and South over the flux into low-income countries, Today developed countries and amount of aid provided and the whose economies depend largely international institutions are draw• conditions attached. on international aid. ing on past experiences and there• The United Nations General As• by formulating new assistance pol• sembly has adopted a resolution icies. These policies will feature: Foreign Debt that member states of the Organi• (1) . An integration of emergency For years the third world has zation for Economic Co-operation assistance with developmental aid; insisted on an equal shouldering of and Development (OECD) al• (2) . A shift of aid focus to projects the debt burden by the North and locate 0.7 percent of their gross of medium and small sizes that South, calling repteatedly for pol• national product (GNP) as offi• suit the conditions of recipient na• itical dialogues between creditor cial developmental aid to develop• tions; (3). An increase of loans to and debtor nations and demanding ing countries and 0.15 percent as projects and a reduction of short- the entry of debtor nations' ex• aid to the least developed nations. term loans; and (4). A concentra• ports into creditor nations' mar• Developing countries have repeat• tion of aid for key projects to en• kets. However, these demands were edly called on developed nations to courage recipient nations to "help met with no response. In April observe the UN resolution. Specif• themselves." 1987, the Group of 77, which re• ically, they demanded: first, the Since the latter half of 1989, presents the interests of the third amount of aid be increased — it is drastic changes erupted in Eastern world, worked out a systematic reported that in the sub-Sahara Af• Europe, and Western countries in• plan to address the foreign debt rica alone an additional US$5 bil• dicated one after another they issue. This plan asked that debt lion is needed annually; second, were willing to provide economic repayment be restricted within a that no preconditions be attached assistance to East European coun• certain limit of the debtor nation's to the aid. tries. Third world countries, espe• export earnings or GNP. It also Nonetheless, developed coun• cially the least developed nations, demanded that interest rates of the tries, on the grounds of their eco• felt lost, afraid that aid from the debts be reduced and the official nomic austerity programmes, con• West might be cut. loans provided to the least devel• tinued to reduce their aid. The To readdress these concerns, oped nations before 1987 be can• assistance provided by the United Western countries have repeatedly celled. Furthermore, the plan States, Britain and Japan by the assured that their new policy to• called for developed countries to end of 1988, for example, account• wards Eastern Europe would not be flexible in rescheduling debt ed for only 0.21, 0.28 and 0.32 victimize the third world. The servicing and providing new loans. percent of their GNP respectively, OECD stressed that assistance to Although the attitudes of both falling far short of the UN desig• the poorest nations will remain a the North and South by the late nated quota of 0.7 percent. priority in the coming years. It is 1980s seemed to be in agreement With the increase in global inter• expected that in the 1990s, interna• with each other, and major West• dependence, the continual deter• tional aid to the third world will ern countries announced partial ioration of third world economies not dwindle dramatically, but will cancellations of some countries' has seriously hampered the stabili• have stringent conditions attached. debts, the total amount of the third ty and development of the world The fourth Lom6 agreement clear• world's debt continues to grow — economy as a whole. In recent ly pointed out that the recipient by the end of 1989, it reached years, under the pressure of inter• nation will not only receive super• US$1,320 billion. Until now a real• national opinion, developed na• vision from the IMF but should istic plan that is acceptable to both tions and international financial also demonstrate it has made pro• creditor and debtor has failed to institutions have increased their gress towards establishing a demo• appear, and it is unlikely to appear assistance to the third world. The cratic, stable government. France in the near future. The debt issue World Bank has decided to in• has indicated it will link assistance will continue to be an important crease its assets from US$95 bil• in the future with the level of de• aspect of the North-South relations lion to US$171 billion. The Inter• mocratization in the recipient na• in the 1990s. Joint efforts by cred• national Monetary Fund (IMF), tion. The United States has gone itor nations and debtor nations are likewise, increased its capital from further by openly declaring that needed in the quest for an ap• US$120 billion to US$180 billion. the practice of a multi-party polit• propriate solution to this long• The European Community is pre• ical system is the precondition for standing problem, preserving the pared to provide to countries in its pr(5viding aid to third world stability and enhancing the devel• Africa, the Caribbean and the Pa• nations. It is expected that the opment of a restructured interna-

10 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBEK 24-30, 1990 nomic growth slowed and interna• irig negotiations, the former tional economy. tional market competition inten• viewed service trade, intellectual sified. The protectionist measures property, and foreign investment Primary Product were characterized by implicit measures as top priorities, while Since the 1980s, the contin• non-tariff barriers, different from developing nations sought to make ued shrinking of primary mater• the traditional tariff measures. To progress on issues concerning tex• ial markets has harmed the third date, there are about 1,000 mea• tile goods, clothing and natural re• world countries because of the ad• sures of non-tariff barriers, includ• source products — their major ex• vent of new materials and tech• ing anti-dumping, anti-subsidy and port products. niques. The proportion of primary other various technical restrictions The developing countries de• products to all products trade in and standards. The prevailing na• mand to remove various restrictive the international market declined ture of trade protectionism as an measures laid down in the multi- to 28.4 percent in 1987 from 40.5 ideology in the West has devastat• fibre agreement and want to put percent of 1979. The prices of most ed third world countries' foreign the textile goods on GATT's agen• primary products in the interna• trade. da as soon as possible, hoping to tional commodity markets have The Omnibus Trade Act passed open up the textile goods trade. plummeted over the past decade. by the US Congress in 1988, a typ• However, the negative attitude to• Between 1980 and 1986, average ical example of trade protection• wards the reasonable demands by prices declined 30 percent and ism, asked the US president to re• the United States led the negotia• many fell to their lowest level in taliate against foreign countries for tions down a deadend. nearly 50 years, causing large fin• "unfair" trading practices, enlarg• Service trade is the most con• ancial losses for those countries ing the scope of the definition of troversial question in Uruguay whose economies are built on pri• "unfair" trade. The act authorized round of talks. With the science mary product export. Although the president to impose counter• and technology revolution, the ser• some countries benefited from the vailing duties and anti-subsidy du• vice industry has become ever price hikes of such products as cot• ties; sanction action against coun• more important, an inseparable ton, tea and tobacco, most third tries that violated "US intellec• part of the production, sale, and world countries earned less export tual property right," prevent for• consumption of finished products incomes than they did a decade eign countries from buying US en• and primary products. Developed ago. In addition, the price gap be• terprises when necessary, tighten countries, headed by the United tween primary products and in• multilateral control over the ex• States, proposed to set service as dustrial finished products has wi• port of high-tech products and in• the top priority for a new round of dened. crease subsidy for agricultural GATT talks, in a bid to expand In the 1990s, with the increased product export. service market and open the ser• development of science and tech• This act marked a historical vice trade. The developing coun• nology and subsequent improve• change of postwar US trade poli• tries fear that, because of their ment of manufacturing tech• cies — "fair trade" replaced "free inferior position in the service in• niques, the prices of finished trade." Beginning in 1987, the Un• dustry, opening service trade will products are expected to rise. The ited States cancelled benefits re• hinder the development of their forecast for primary products is ceived from the Generalized Sys• service industries. Trade protec• not as favourable. Economists tem of Preferences to 17 devel• tionism will be the major problem predict that primary products' oping countries and regions. On in the 1990s concerning North- prices will not rise significantly. January 1, 1989, South Korea, Tai• South relations. Although the prices of metal and wan, Singapore and Hong Kong mineral products may rise, the ov• were formally removed from the erall primary product market will list of nations enjoying this pre• Oil continue to be extremely volatile. ferred status. Western Europe and International energy organiza• Despite the possibility of a slight Japan as well strengthened their tions predict that the annual aver• rise in primary product prices, the non-tariff barriers to the third age growth rate of world petro• price gap is expected to further world countries. This indicates leum consumption in the 1990s widen. Under such circumstances, a more intensified North-South will be 1.6 percent. OPEC es• the North and South will struggle trade conflict in the 1990s. timates that the world's (exclud• to compromise and co-operate over The General Agreement on Tar• ing countries of centrally-planned the trading conditions involving iffs and Trade's (GATT) Uruguay economy) daily petroleum demand primary products. round of trade talks beginning in will rise to 56 million barrels in 1986, was an important event con• 1995, and may reach 58 million Trade Protectionism cerning commodity trade and ser• barrels by the end of this century. vice trade, and highlighting the With a constant rise in demand In the 1980s, trade protection• differences between developed na• for oil, the world may again rely ism escalated as the worldwide eco• tions and developing nations. Dur- heavily upon OPEC's petroleum.

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 14-3», 1990 11 INTERNATIONAL

Of the world's 1,001.5 billion bar• total number of patent appli• I countries, the case is completely rels of proven oil deposits, OPEC cations that developing countries different. Poor economies and countries account for 77 percent. receive every year, 84 percent backward technology form a vi• Saudi Arabia, Iraq, United Arab come from developed countries. cious circle. Therefore, developing Emirates, Kuwait and Iran possess As science and technology play countries have to introduce regu• 65 percent of the world's total oil a significant role in promoting the larly high technology of the same deposits. Meanwhile non-OPEC development of an economy, third kind every other a period. It seems countries' oil deposits are drying world countries can shorten the that in the 1990s the situation will up, and oil output in these coun• course of realizing modernization remain unchanged and the econo• tries has nearly reached its peak by introducing advanced technolo• mic and technological gap between capacity as the supply of known gy to their economy. Therefore, in• the North and the South will con• reserves drops. ternational technology transfer be• tinue to expand. Developed countries have be• comes an important channel for However, at the same time, with gun to take measures to meet the third world countries to catch up new science and technology being emerging shortage in oil supply in technologically. introduced daily and the globaliza• the 1990s. New channels are being Third world countries have tion of world economy deepening, explored for close co-operation neither reached an agreement nor with oil-producing countries, and third world countries' participat- proposed specific programmes con• I ing in global technology market efforts are being made to streng• cerning the issue of technology then connection with OPESRCOun- i will be sure to promote their own transfer. Their proposals and de• tries. In recent years, Japan fre• technological advancements. Pre• mands can be summarized as fol• quently held dialogues with OPEC sently, technological co-operation lows: countries in an effort to establish between the North and the South • wide connections between them. is shifting its focus from technol• After the Iraqi invasion of Kuvvait, While stressing technological de• ogy transfer to common research the United States immediately dis• velopment, attention must be paid and development. Although the patched troops to Saudi Arabia to to the delicate balance between North and the South may continue ensure oil for the West. I'he Gulf economic and social development; to dispute over the issue of tech• crisis reflects the Western world's • nology transfer, North-South tech• concern over the expected oil shor• Technology deemed proper by nological co-operation in the 1990s tage in the 1990s. As a direct factor developed countries may not meet will surely expand. that had promoted North-South the needs of the developing coun• In the 1990s, North-South rela• dialogues in the 1970s, the oil tries; tions will not be confined to econo• problem will also be a key link in • mic exchanges, but will expand to North-South connections in the Opportunities to participate in include all fields in which prob• 1990s. science and technology must be lems are global. Without the parti• equal; cipation and co-operation of third • world countries, a proper and ov• Technology Transfer Export capacity of developing erall solution to such problems as countries should be raised in order As is known to all, third world's environmental protection, drug- economies operated on a subsist- to create conditions conducive for technological exchanges, thus in• trafficking, refugees, international ance basis. Their scientific and terrorist activities and the prolifer• technological forces are weak. Ac• troducing advanced technologies; • ation of nuclear weapons will be cording to statistics, developed impossible. Moreover, when the Direct investments and technol• countries possess 85 percent of the East-West relations were tense, world's scientific research talents ogical aid grants should be in• North-South relations were usual• and 94 percent of the world's scien• creased and restrictions and bar• ly taken by the superpowers as bar• tific and technological research riers of various kind for technolo• and development expenses, while gy exports should be cut. gaining chips to check the other developing countries own only 11 The research and development side when implementing their percent and 6 percent respective• of high technology requires an en• global strategies, and the real de• ly. Scientific research and devel• ormous amount of labour, materi• mands of third world countries of• opment expenditures account for als and the support of a solid ten went unheard. Only after the about 2.2 percent of GNP in de• finance. In developed countries, East-West relations have eased can veloped countries, however, while strong economic forces bolster the it be possible for problems con• only 0.4 percent in developing research and development of high cerning the third world's interests countries. Inventions from devel• technology which in turn contin• to be put on the world's agenda. oped countries account for 99 per• uously promote the further devel• I Therefore, North-South relations cent of the world's total, and pa• opment of the already deveoped i will demonstrate new progress in tent applications 94 percent. Of the economy. However, in developing i the 1990s. •

12 BEIJING REVIEW,'MCEMBER 24-30, 1990 CHINA

Chinese Premier on Guidelines of The 10-Year Plan I

n December 1, 1990, Premier China is set to maintain sustained Li Peng delivered an important stabilitx; and co-ordinated O speech at a national conference on planning, in which he spelled out the | development of the economy for the scheme for development in the next ten j attainment of its second-phase years and principles regarding work for strategic goal in socialist the next yea'rt-in the speech he touched on ten topics. I modernization construction. This is Present Economic Situation. The last de• based on the premise of improving cade of reform has been crowned with | economic quality and efficiency and great achievements, creating a new si- ! relying on technical and scientific tuation in building socialism with dis• progress. The policy of reform and tinct Chinese characteristics. Social production grew by a big margin; the opening to the outside world will national economic strength increased j continue to be implemented, and the notably; science, technology, education, • planned economy effectively culture and other social undertakings integrated with market regulation for developed by leaps and bounds; and I better results. Priority will be given to people's life improved a lot. These con- j stitute the main current of our socio- ' the development of science and economic development. In this process | education, and efforts will be made to of advance, some problems have arisen, j step up construction in agriculture, The major ones include overheated eco• energy, communications, nomic growth and an increase in invest• telecommunications, and important ment and consumption that went be• yond the reach of national capability. raw and processed materials These factors led to an obvious worsen• industries. ing of inflation and exerted an adverse In 1991, fresh development and impact on China's economic and so• cial stability. This is one problem that appropriate economic growth are should be kept in mind and dealt with expected along with the economic seriously in future economic readjust• readjustment, which will continue to ment. I be the overwhelming task. Effort will In the last two years, efforts to im- \ be made to improve the economic prove the economic environment and rectify the economic order have yielded returns of the enterprises.—Ed. good results. The economic situation is developing in a favourable direction. | Within two years, the rapidly worsening inflation has been effectively brought under control while the economy con• tinues to grow. The economic readjust• ment has not been completed, and our future task is heavy. Therefore, we should not relax our efforts and must

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBEK 24-30. 1990 1.1 CHINA

Premiei Li Peng at the national conference on planning on December 1. LIU JIANGUO continue to do a good job. All these are aimed at achieving ordinated development of the na• Major problems that exist in a sustained and co-ordinated de• tional economy. China's economic work are: 1. velopment of the national econ• Second, continuing to imple• The imbalanced relationship be• omy. ment the principles and policies tween market sales and industri• Principles for Economic Work in of reform and opening to the out• al output; 2. The slow progress side world and striving to make in readjustment of the industrial 1991. The State Council has them well-rounded and more ef• structure; 3. The decreasing eco• since the beginning of 1990 been fective. Major goals are to more nomic returns and increasing working hard to study and for• efficiently integrate the planned financial losses in many enter• mulate a plan for the next ten economy with market regulation prises, which add more difficul• years' development and the in accordance with the require• ties to China's economy. Eighth Five-Year Plan ment for the development of the When viewed as a whole, the (1991-95). Their guidelines boil planned commodity economy. major task of the previous stage down to three major ones: of economic readjustment was to Note: China's national construction reduce excessive social demand, First, achieving the second- will be undertaken in three phases. Dur• phase* strategic goal of China's ing the first phase, efforts were made to cool down the overheated econ• double the 1980 gross national product omy and curb inflation. China socialist modernization construc• and solve the food and clothing prob• basically attained the goal. In the tion. In the following ten years, lems of the people. This task has been next stage, under the premise effort should be made to raise fulfilled. During the second phase, China will quadruple the 1980 gross of continuing to readjust con• the economic quality and im• national product by the end of this cen• trol over economic development, prove economic efficiency and, tury and enable its people to lead a work will be focused on the read• under the premise of relying on well-to-do life. During the third phase, justment of the industrial struc• China will strive to approach the level ture and the improvement of the scientific and technical progress, of the moderately developed countries seek sustained, stable and co- in per-capita gross national product by economic results. Special effort the mid-21st century and enable its peo• will be made to improve the eco• ple to lead a fairly rich life, achieving nomic results of the enterprises. modernization in the main.

BEIJING REVIEW, ppCEMBEK 24-30, 1990 CHINA striving to give full scope to their the market and expanding of on the top of our agenda for eco• strengths. market sales while controlling nomic work. Third, persisting in placing economic expansion. Excessive The bumper harvest in grain science and technology and edu• investment in capital construc• production this year, however, cation in a prominent position, tion that goes beyond the nation• has brought difficulties in sell• and placing the strengthened de• al capability must be prevented. ing grain in many localities. The velopment of agriculture and Under the premise of controll• state has decided to set up a grain construction of energy, commun• ing the general scope of invest• reserve system and purchase the ication and telecommunication, ment, efforts should be made to farmers' surplus grain at a price important raw and processed ma• continue to rationally improve designed to protect the interests terials and other basic industries the investment structure,, ear• of the farmers. To develop agri• and infrastructure in an impor• nestly strengthen construction of culture, we must rely on state tant position. This is aimed at key projects and technological policies, science and technology, developing the national economy transformation, and give appro• and input. The household con• in a more solid way and building priate priority to agriculture, tract responsibility system linked up strength for economic devel• energy, communications and te• up with output suits the current opment in the next ten years and lecommunication construction. level of productive forces in most the decade that follows. In the next year, items under rural areas, hence is supported The above three are also im• construction, including their re• by the farmers. The system portant principles for the imple• lated projects, which are of vital should be stabilized. In deepen• mentation of next year's econo• importance to the national econ• ing rural reform in the future, a mic plan. Next year, work will omy and which will yield good socialized service system must be continue to focus on the eco• economic returns, should be un• developed in an active manner. nomic readjustment and efforts dertaken as key projects. Strict Efforts should also be made to will be made to begin implemen• control should be exercised over perfect the dual management tation of the Eighth Five-Year new construction work. system characterized by unity Plan. Progress will be made Strengthening and Developing and separation, and build up the through economic readjustment. Agriculture. The economic situa• economic strength of the collec• When economic readjustment tion in the rural areas is good tives. has been completed in future, this year. There has been a bum• Input in agriculture should we'll work for development per harvest in grain production continue to be increased with a mainly, but at the same time and a major increase in the view to further improving the we'll continue to fulfil certain production of cotton, oil-bearing conditions necessary for raising tasks that have not been ful• crops and other farm and side• agricultural production. In the filled during the economic read• line products. This has played an next year, the state will continue justment. important role in promoting rur• to increase agricultural invest• In planning for next year, we al, and even national, stability. ment and loans. Various local should be both active and pru• The bumper harvests over the governments should do their best dent and leave some leeway. The last two years are attributiable, to increase agricultural input State Council has decided to un• first, to the fact that both the too. In arranging for agricultural fold nationwide activities to central government and the lo• input, farmers constitute the key make 1991 a "Year of Quality, calities have adopted measures link. They should be encouraged Variety and Efficiency." Var• geared to strengthen agriculture and guided to increase input in ious localities and departments and further fire the enthusiasm agriculture and their accoumu- should set forth their own tar• of the farmers, and, second, to a lated labour in the form of farm• gets, work out practical and ef• great extent to good weather. The land and water conservancy con• fective measures and work in a foundation of China's agricul• struction. Water conservancy is down-to-earth way. We expect to ture is rather weak, with inad• the lifeblood of agriculture. Ef• see sharp improvement in var• equate capability of combating forts should be redoubled to har• ious important economic and natural disasters and limited ness major rivers and strengthen technological indexes. strength to conduct compre• construction and maintenance Investment Scope and Key Con• hensive production. Agricultur• of farmland irrigation projects. struction Projects. In formulat• al production will fall in case Building water conservancy pro• ing the plan for 1991 with regard of any major natural disaster. jects mainly implies building to the scope of investment in so• Therefore, we must continue to more irrigated or semi-irrigated cial fixed assets, attention will be beef up agriculture and always land and terraced fields, and har• paid to the further exploring of put the agricultural development nessing small river valleys. These

BEIJING REVIEW, DECE.MBER 24-30, 1990 15 CHINA are the chief ways of raising per- responsibility system is appl• ly raising the managerial level unit output. In water-deficient icable to most enterprises. There• of enterprises. Efforts should be areas, it is necessary to develop fore, enterprise reform in 1991 made to reduce deficits and in• crops that need comparatively should be aimed at keeping the crease profits. less water and popularize high- contract responsibiUty relatively Price Reform. Trfe increase of yield dry crops. stable and improving it properly. the overall retail sales index in Continued efforts should be What is important is to handle 1991 must be strictly controlled. made to use science and technol• well the relations between state, Experiences of recent years have ogy to develop agriculture, strive collective and individual in• indicated that the three-point to raise the multiple crop index, terests and the relations between principle must be adhered to in actively popularize fine varieties, accumulation and consumption price reform: First, strict control popularize advanced cultivation so as to divert more funds for must be maintained over the ge• methods and technology, pay at• technical updating and the devel• neral level of prices; second, the tention to scientific application opment of enterprises. adjustment of prices of some of fertilizers to achieve a proper In the enterprise reform in commodities must be well timed; ratio among nitrogenous, phos• 1991, it is necessary to continue and policy decisions must be phate and potash fertilizers, and to maintain enterprises' autono• made in accordance with devel• to advocate the use of more farm my in production and manage• opments of the economic situa• manure. ment and to persist in and im• tion. Price-adjusting measures Developing agriculture is prove the responsibility system scheduled for 1991 will be deli• closely related to helping the of factory directors, while streng• berated in light of the implemen• poor areas to overcome poverty. thening the factory director's ex• tation of plans. The adjustment Instead of granting these areas clusive power to control all of commodity prices by local | with social relief, it is necessary activities of production and man• governments in 1991 must be ! provide them with assistance de• agement. Party organizations in strictly controlled, for it has a signed to boost local economic enterprises should be enabled to direct bearing on people's liveli• development. strengthen their leadership over hood. The reform of prices, an The Deepening of Enterprise Re• ideological and political work. important component part of form. Enterprises are the cells of It is necessary to support and the economic restructuring as a the national economy. Doing a advocate the development of en• whole, is aimed at promoting good job in reforming them, terprise groups. This work the development of production. strengthening their vitality and should be carried on in a planned Whether each measure and step improving their self-controlling way under the unified leadership of the reform will succeed or not mechanism have much to do of the governments at various is to be judged by whether it with the deepening of the re• levels and the departments con• promotes social stability and eco• form and the stability and devel• cerned. Enterprise groups can be nomic growth. opment of the national economy organized either in a loose or a The Financial Problem. To reme• as a whole. In the past decade, closely-knit way. While develop• dy the imbalance between fin• great achievements have been ing various forms of enterprise ancial revenue and expenditure, made in enterprise reform, and groups, it is necessary to advo• measures must consist of opening their vitality has been streng• cate the establishment of closely- more financial sources and re• thened steadily. We have ob• knit enterprise groups with a ducing expenditure. The first tained some experiences and view to achieving even greater step is to do everything possible drawn some lessons in the pro• cconoinic returns. to develop the economy, improve cess. Notably, the self- All enterprises must concen• economic performance and in• controlling mechanism has not trate on improving the quality of crease production. At the same yet become established in quite a their products, increasing varie• lime, m accordance with this, few enterprises, and their econo• ty and improving economic per• distribution should be managed mic returns have increased slow• formance. The key to improving more rationally. As for the in• ly. Therefore, it is necessary to economic performance lies in im• crease of business tax rates of increase their economic returns proving management and con• commercial retail outlets, this through transformation. ducting technical transforma• has been approved by the Na• The major task for enterprise tion. In 1991, all the economic tional People's Congress and will reform in 1991 is to uphold and sectors should spend great efforts go into effect some time next improve the contract responsibil• in strengthening various kinds of year, depending on the develop• ity system in management. As basic work, rigorously enforcing ment of the situation. things stand now, the contract managerial rules and energetical• The individual and private

16 BEIJL>(;KEVH;W. DECEMBER 24-30,1990 CHINA sector is a necessary and benefi• World and the Reform of the For• export-oriented economy. cial supplement to the publicly eign Trade System. We should This year, the Party Central owned sector. It has played a continue to carry out the basic Committee and the State Coun• positive role in invigorating the state policy of opening to the out• cil, as a further move in keeping channels of circulation, increas• side world and actively use all with our country's strategy for ing job opportunities, making favourable international con• long-term economic develop• people's lives more convenient ditions that can be made use of ment, have decided on develop• and increasing the state's tax re• to serve economic rectification ing and opening Shanghai's Pu- venue. Policies for the individual and economic development. It is dong New Area. This decision and private sector will remain necessary to maintain a steady will be of great significance for tapping the economic resources unchanged. However, manage• growth in exports and fulfill ex• and science and technology of ment over it should be streng• port task set for next year. The Shanghai and the areas along the thened .- stress of work in this area should Changjiang (Yangtze) River and The Monetary Problem. General• be put on improving the mix and the quality of export commodi• promoting the region's economic ly speaking, the current mone• development. tary situation is good. Since the ties. At the same time, it is ne• cessary to properly readjust the It is imperative to deepen re• beginning of this year, bank sav• composition of import and main• form of the foreign trade system. ings of both rural and urban tain imports at a proper level. The principle in this regard is residents have continued to in• to furnish favourable conditions crease and the scope of loans has We should continue, to carry out the strategy for the economic for bringing into full play the also expanded, notably to sup• enthusiasm of the central gov• development of the coastal areas port industrial production and ernment, localities and enterpris• and strive to promote an export- increase circulating funds. In ad• es and opening China to the out• oriented economy. Practice has dition, allocations set aside espe• side world more effectively. A proved that our country's policy cially for the purchase and re• mechanism should be established for establishing special economic serve of grain, cotton and oil- to gradually make foreign trade zones, economic and technologi• bearing crops have been in• enterprises responsible for their cal development zones and open• creased. All these factors are own profits and losses. ing cities and belts along the necessary for maintaining the Strengthening Science, Technolo• coast to the outside world is cor• development and stability of the gy and Education. Relying on ed- | rect and has made remarkable economy. In enforcing the cen• ucation, science and technology | achievements. These areas, as to invigorate the national econo- . tral government's credit re• China's important windows and trenchment programme, banks my has been our consistent poli• bases, have played a role in cy. Priority should be placed on need to maintain strict control promoting China's foreign trade, over the management of funds. moral education. Education in | introducing foreign funds and patriotism, collectivism and so• Since the beginning of this year, technology and expanding Chi• cialism should be given and stu• banks have done a lot in read• na's co-operation and exchanges dents should be enabled to de• justing the momentum of re• with other countries. We should velop morally, intellectually and trenchment and in expanding the continue to carry out and im• physically and become worthy scope of loans. Banks should, prove those policies and mea• successors to sociahst construc• while persistently serving prod• sures that have proved effective tion. Attention should be given uction and construction, im• so as to run the special economic to the popularization and appli• prove the quality of their work zones still better. It is necessary cation of scientific and technol• and services. to consolidate and develop the ogical research results so as to As a unified country, China already established technological turn them into productive forces should establish a unified econo• development zones, open cities as quickly as possible. Efforts my and market. Regional block• and belts to enable them to play should be made to tackle those ade means protecting the back• a still greater role in opening to scientific and technical problems ward. It not only impairs the the outside world. The task of of great consequence arising in normal circulation of commodi• the special economic zones in the the national socio-economic de• ties but also hinders the econo• future is to try to raise their velopment, to strengthen basic mic development of those areas technical level, to introduce and education, and as a matter of practicing regional blockade. develop more, advanced technol• policy, to support efforts for establishing high-tech develop- | The circulation of commodities ogy and even to make use of new ment zones, and scientific should be nationwide, so should and high technology, so as and technological development the circulation of funds. to further develop technology- zones. • Opening Wider to the Outside intensive enterprises and an

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-JO, J990 17 CHINA Aiihui: Rediscovering the Yangtze Valley by Our Staff Reporter Yao Jianguo To work in concert with the opening up of Shanghai's Pudong area where the Yangtze River flows into the sea, the authorities ofAnhui Province formulated the strategy of developing the Anhui section of the river, about 200 kilometres up from Pudong. Priority will be given to four cities—Maanshan, Wuhu, Tangling and Anqing—along the river. Investment environment will be improved to attract foreign capital. nhui Province in east on the opening-up project was in cent respectively of the prov• China hit the headline in full swing. ince's total. The development of A1979 when it led the na• the Pudong area in Shanghai is tion in implementing the con• expected to expedite the econo• tract system of responsibility Seizing the Opportunity mic growth of the four cities linked to production in the rur• Development of the Pudong which are known as Anhui Prov• al areas and attained marked area in Shanghai offers Anhui ince's "golden area" for econo• achievements in agricultural Province, hemmed in between mic construction. production. However, as it is coastal and inland provinces, a Second, the four cities and not a coastal province, it accom• rare opportunity. The four cities their surrounding areas abound plished little in opening to the on the banks of the Yangtze in mineral resources, indicating outside world. According to sta• here, in particular, are endowed the area's tremendous potential tistics, between 1979 and Septem• with favourable natural and geo• for economic development. Ac• ber 1990, the province established graphical conditions. Maanshan cording to statistics, the number only 157 foreign-funded enter• City is 440 km away from the of verified mineral resources in prises involving US$58 million Pudong area. Anqing City, the the area tops 40, and the reserves in foreign investment. The fi• most distant, is only 692 km of iron, copper, sulphur, lime• gures are much lower than those away. The water transportation stone, marble and quartzite not in a prefecture or a city of a route along the Yangtze, which is only come first in the province coastal province and are insig• known as the "golden water• but also occupy an important nificant as compared with the way," provides easy accessibility place in the country as a whole. 26,500 foreign-funded enterpris• to these cities located on it. An estimate based on existing re• es founded nationwide, with the Zhou Benli, deputy head of the serves indicates that the local US$37.8 billion of contracted leading group in charge of the mineral reserves may be suffi• foreign investment involved or development and opening up of cient for production needs, for with the US$17.7 billion which the Wanjiang area, told this re• up to 100 years, of large enter• have already been used by the porter the strategic policy deci• prises with an annual capacity of country. sion for the development and 5 million tons of steel, 10 million In July 1990, to co-ordinate opening up of the four cities was tons of cement, 5 million crates with the development and open• made after several years of inves• of glass, 3 million tons of sul• ing up of the Pudong area in tigation and verification. phuric acid and 100,000 tons of Shanghai, Anhui Province lost First, the four cities have a copper. In addition, the area's no time in formulating the stra• combined population of 9.2 mil• rich coal and oil resources also tegic policy decision for develop• lion, accounting for 16.8 percent have good prospects for exploita• ing the area along the Wanjiang, of the province's total. In 1989, tion. as the 416-km local section their industrial output value To speed up the development of China's largest river, the reached 12.3 billion yuan, their of the Wanjiang area, Anhui Yangtze, is called. financial income 1.57 billion Province established a leading In mid-October, this reporter yuan and their total value of grouj!) to take charge of the work, visited the four cities of Anqing, goods purchased for export 850 with Governor Fu Xishou acting Tongling, Wuhu and Maanshan million yuan, accounting for 28 as the head. According to Gover• and found the preparatory work percent, 30 percent and 31 per• nor Fu, the provincial govern-

18 V BEIJING RE\1EW»"BECEMBER 24-30, 1990 CHINA ment will grant the area special commodities is expected to rise chemicals will quickly take and preferential treatment. Ma• from the present 5 percent to 15 shape. A series of oil products terial and financial resources percent, and the figure will rise will be developed on the basis of will be concentrated mainly on further to 25 percent by the year the existing Anqing Petrochemi• supporting the development and 2000. cal General Plant with an annual opening of the four cities, with • The metallurgical industry. processing capacity of 3 million an eye to promoting the opening Priority will be given to the con• tons. The coking by-products of up and invigorating of the econ• struction and transformation of the Maanshan Iron and Steel Co. omy throughout the province. the Maanshan Iron and Steel will be used as raw materials to Co., the Tongling Non-Ferrous develop fine chemical products. Development Blueprint Metal Co. and the Wuhu Smel• And Tongling and Maanshan tery, with an eye to increasing will be turned into sulphuric acid The Anhui provincial govern• these enterprises' iron and steel and ammonium phosphate prod• ment has drafted an overall plan output and their intensive pro• uction bases. for the development of the Wan- cessing capacity of rolled steel • The textile industry. A num• ber of textile raw materials bases jiang area. According to the and copper. An investment of will be established in the four plan, industrial groups will be set 2.683 billion yuan will be used to cities, in order to increase the up in the four cities on the bas• re-equip the Maanshan Iron and locality's intensive processing is of their existing large and Steel Co. to increase its iron and ability and to expand the export medium-sized key enterprises, in steel output from the present 2 of its products. order to constantly expand the million tons to 4 million tons by • The machinery and electri• absorption of foreign funds. A 1995 and raise the company's for• cal appliances industry. Efforts solid export-oriented economy eign exchange earnings from the will be made to increase the out• will basically take shape in the present US$10 million to US$60 put of motors, meters, precision area during the Eighth and million. machine tools and electronic Ninth Five-Year Plan periods • The chemical industry. An components and upgrade the (1991-2000). By 1995, the propor• industrial setup to facilitate oil products for export through tion of the value of its export processing and the production of technological transformation and the reorganization and co• operation of enterprises. A Sketch Map of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province • The building materials in• dustry. The locality's rich build• ing materials resources will be tapped to develop the production and intensive processing of mar• ble and granite products. Mean• while, a number of export- oriented cement production bas• es will be built or expanded. Maanshan City will build a ce• ment works with an annual ca• pacity of 1.2 million tons by mak• ing use of the 1 million tons of slag produced by the iron and steel company's 2,500-cubic- metre furnace and rich local limestone resources. Wuhu and Tongling cities will each expand its existing cement works in or• der to raise its annual productive capacity to 1.5 million tons. • The light industry. Technol• ogical transformation will be in• troduced to the four cities' exist• ing light industrial enterprises in order to upgrade and increase

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30,1990 19 CHINA the variety of their products and reaches of the Yangtze River se• cities. Several dozen products enhance the competitiveness of cond only to Nanjing, capital of turned out by the city, including their commodities on the world Jiangsu Province. Along with iron pictures, micro-motors and market. Shanghai Port, Wuhu was made down-padded jackets, are now According to the plan, the de• a foreign trade port way back well-known items on the world velopment project will undergo in 1876. In April 1980, following market. In September 1990, the three stages: 1990 is the prepara• China's introduction of the open city offered overseas investors 114 tory stage; the years between 1991 policy, the city became Anhui projects as co-operative ventures, and 1995 will be the stage for Province's first open foreign indicating its potential for wide- initial development; and the per• trade port. To date, regular navi• ranging foreign co-operation. iod between 1996 and 2000 will gation lines have been opened to The city is stepping up the pre• be the stage for an all-round de• link the city with Hohg Kong parations for the construction of velopment. A good foundation is and Japan, in addition to irregu• the economic development zone expected to be laid for the prov• lar lines to Singapore and Malay• which is aimed at absorbing ince's economic take-off in the sia. more foreign investment. The next century after the decade- Currently, a project to turn zone provides a fine investment long period of construction and environment and favourable geo• Wuhu into the second largest graphical conditions. Located on development. hub of railway transportation in the bank of the Yangtze River, east China is under way. Four the zone is 6.5 km from the city Wuhu: First Stage railway lines from Wuhu to He- proper, 2 km from the Zhujia- fei, Nanjing and Tongling and qiao foreign trade dock and 2 km Wuhu, with an investment en• from Anhui to Jiangxi will meet from the Wanli Airport which is vironment more favourable than here. Construction of the Wuhu now under construction. Nearby, that of the other three cities, has Railway Station and the East the Wuhu Power Plant with an been incorporated into the first- Wuhu Marshalling Yard has installed capacity of 250,000 kw stage development project. started and their completion dur• is being expanded. This 2,000-year-old city is an ing the Eighth Five-Year Plan The clatter of machines and important hub of water and land period (1991-95) will enable the shuttling bulldozers indicates communications in the lower city to play a decisive role in the that the construction project is in east China railway full swing. According to Wang A workshop of the Maanshan Iron and Steel Compan• transportation sys• Jusheng, chief engineer of the y's High-Speed Wire Rod MiU which has an annual tem. output of 400,000 tons of quality wire rods. economic development zone, the Compared with the city has already invested 70 mil• other three cities, lion yuan in the infrastructures Wuhu has a better in• on a 20-hectare piece of land, dustrial foundation. including the levelling of the After 40 years of ef• land, and the building of the wat• forts, the city has es• er and electricity supply systems tablished a fairly and standard factory buildings. strong industrial se• By the second half of 1991, some tup which, with light 25,000 square metres of factory industry as its back• buildings are expected to be com• bone, embraces more pleted and available for use. Ac• than 40 trades in 31 cording to plan, the first-stage categories, including project of the economic zone will machine-building, cover 4 square km of land. metallurgy, ship• Mayor Zhao Hengqu encour• building, chemicals, aged foreign. Hong Kong, Macao building materials, and Taiwan business people to pharmaceutics, paper- set up joint ventures or co• making and electron• operative enterprises involving ics. In 1989, the city's electronics, textiles, clothing and industrial output val• machine processing in the devel• ue totalled 3.961 bil• opment zone and to contract for lion yuan, ranking or develop adjoining tracts of first among the four land in the zone. According to

20 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30. 1990 BEIJING REVIEW Subject Index (Nos. 27-52,1990)

Issue Page Issue No. No. No. No.

1 1. DOMESTIC 3) National People's Congress and the 1 Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 1. Political National Flag Law Adopted 28 4

; Double Happiness Comes to China 40 : 4 China's System of People's Congresses 37 : Scientist-Turned Magistrates Work Wonders 45 :20 China Adopts Three Draft Laws 39 5 Local Elections to Get Under Way s 1) General : China's Democracy and Future 34 : 18 4) People's Liberation Army China's StabiJity—a Responsibih'tv to PLA: Of the People. For the People 31 13 : the World 36 : 4 Caring for the Men—A PLA Tradi• i Key to Democracy: Social tion 3 t 16 Production 37 :27 Beijing Marks PLA's 63rd Anniver- Jiang Stresses National Unity 3X . 4 sar\ 5 1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Changes in Military Spending 3 7 27 Socialism 48 Marshal Xu Passes Away 40 7 Eight Principles for Reform, Social• Entry Into Korean War Remembered 45 5 ism 49 5 Session Outlines Takes for 1991 50 5 5) Democracy and Legal System • Li: China Is Under Able Leadership 50 6 Multi-Part> lies Stressed Again 30 0

2) Chinese Communist Party 6) Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan 69th Anniversary of the CPC Jiang's Statem.ent Wins Positive Res• Marked 28 4 ponse -t 5 : Power Transition Without a Hitch 30 Hong Kong Slabilily Hinges on Main• 1 Party Session-Will Stress Economy 33 6 land Role of Party Schools Stressed 35 4 More on 'One Country, Two Govern• ' New Progress in Corrosion Science 38 33 ments' ~* -7 13 Let the World Know China Better 46 7 Mainland. Taiwan Meet at Sympos• ium 29 6 Issue Page Issue Page No. No. No. No.

Taiwan Entrepreneur Displays Per- zation 30:13 sonal Arts Collection 29 32 Britain's HK Act: A One-Way New China, Now 41, to Make a Traffic 33 7 10-Year Plan 41: 4 Mainland Welcomes Direct Taiwan Flights 33 8 Patriotism and Its Characteristics 42 : 28 'One Country, Two Systems'—The 2. Economic Best Way to Peaceful Reunifica• tion 33 14 1) General Comment on 'One Country, Two Re• Output on the Rise, Prices Stability 27 6 gions' 46 14 Yang Shangkun on China's Reunifica• Causes of Wage Increases 38 27 tion 48 7 Nation Presses Ahead Despite Sanc• Taiwan: 'One Country With a Good tions 40 14 Sun Yat-sen's Dream and China's System?' 50 9 Reality 40 17 Reunification: A Task in '90s 52 6 Economic Development and Reform 7) National IVIinority in the '90s 41 13 Tianmu—A Muslim Village 28 21 Li Peng on Current Economic Issues 44 12 Tibetan Storyteller Honoured 28 31 Facts & Figures: Remarkable Northern Tibet After the Heavy Achievements 44 21 Snow 31 20 China's Economy Out of Slump 48 4 Tibetans Related to Northern A Full Cycle for 7th Five-Year Plan 49 4 Chinese 32 26 The Development of China's Tibet: Stability Is Order of Day 33: 5 Economy 49 7 Modern Education Flourishes in Catchin Up With the Developed 52 6 Tibet 34 38 Chinese Premier on Guidelines of the 5 Million Seek New Ethnic Identity 35. 6 10-Year Plan 52 13 Jiang Stresses National Unity 38: 4 2) Industry, Communications and City Potala Palace Repair Project 38 27 Construction Tibetan Population Outgrows Cities Cry Loud for More Water 31 6 Average 48: 6 Characteristics of State Business 31 28 China's Largest Energy Port 31 28 8) The Legal System Difficulties Spurs Entrepreneurs On 32 14 Fang Lizhi and Wife Leave China 27: 6 Utilizing the Resources of the Yellow Disseminating the Law Among Citi• River 32 18 zens 31: 17 Yellow River Silt—A Resource to Be China Continues to Fight Corruption 35: 6 Utilized 33 25 NPC: The Supreme Power of the Peo• Readjustment Improves Rural Enter• ple 36: 13 prises 35 13 The Origin of the Chinese Legal Sys• China's First Expressway Open to tem 38: 19 Traffic 36 5 Plane Crash Takes 127 Lives 42: 5 Diversion Project Gets a Blueprint 37 7 A Fiery End for Hijacking Tragedy 43: 5 Major Tasks for Industry 37 26 Inside China's Court System 45: 11 New Railway Spans Asia, Europe 38 6 More Railways for the 1991-95 9) Others Period 39 6 Intellectuals Contribute to Moderni• New 'Bridge' Spans Europe and Asia 44 17 II {

Issue page Usue Page No, No. No. No. Steady Growth for China's Oil Indus• Beijing Hotels Ready for XI Asian try 45 16 Games 38 16 Reform Brings Vigour to Road Con• Consumer ivlarket Picks Up in Cities 42 6 struction 48 20 Foreign Exchange Market Brisk 42 30 Suzhou: A Tale of Two Cities 49 22 Tax Policy During Economic Read• The Rebirth of a City From Debris 50 7 justment 47 17 Anhui: Rediscovering the Yangtze State Says No to Trade Barriers 49 4 Valley 52 18 Consolidated Tax in Shenzhen 49 20 3) Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Debt Service Going Well 50 29 Sideline Production New Fashion in Store for Beijing 51 7 Foreign Banks Seek Development in Good Harvest in Beijing Suburb 27 7 51 8 Potentials for More Grain 27 29 China China to Open Bulk Grain Market 28 6 Rambling Around Free Markets 51 34 Food: First Need for 1.1 Billion 28 6 182 Million Own Life Insurance 52 7 Science and Technology Stimulate 6) Tourism Rural Economy 29 27 Beijing's Most Luxurious Hotel 28 29 Agriculture: Experience 30 30 Golden Travel Tours in Hebei 31 34 Huanghe River: Unbreached for 40 First-Rate Cultural Relics Exhibition 32 23 Years 31 23 Daxing County's Watermelon Show Utilizing the Resources of the Yellow 32 23 River 32 18 China's Flourishing Tourism 36 17 Summer Grain Output Hits Record- Wutai Mountain—A Summer Resort 37 31 High 33 8 Art Festivals for Overseas Tourists 37 31 China Introduces 'Green Label' Food 33 22 Tourist Attractions in Shaanxi 38 31 The Beifang Foodstuff Checking and Dragonair in Beijing 38 31 Testing Centre 33 24 China's Largest Garden Hotel 38 31 Yellow River Silt—A Resource to Be New Summer Resort at Nandaihe 42 28 Utihzed 33 25 Zhengding Amusement Centre Opens 44 26 New Co-operatives in Rural Areas 37 26 1992—Golden Year for Beijing Tour• Nuclear Technology Boosts Agricul• ism 44 26 ture 38 24 China's Tourism Returns to Normal 46 7 Grain Output to Hit an Ail-Time Night Club in Ancient Xian 47 25 High 41 7 Tour for the Handicapped 47 25 Grain Output Hits an Ail-Time High 46 6 TV Series on Life of Confucious 48 33 Commodity Grain Production Bases 47 26 China Travel Fair Sets High Target 49 27 Agriculture Stressed for 1991 51 4 China-USSR Co-operation 49 27 What's to Be Done With Extra A Full Night Life Money? 51 6 52 35 4) Forestry 7) Opening to the World Foreign Trade Grows Steadily 27 24 Forest Protection Strengthened 30 22 Motor Industry Imports Technology An Ideal Home for White-Fin Dol• 27 30 phins 33 33 The Panda Auto Factory 27 30 Taiwan Invests in Industrial City 27 30 5) Finance and Trade Shenyang Speeds Up Foreign Co• Protecting Consumer Rights 30 17 operation 27 31 Changing the Chinese Diet 37 26 Yingkou Attracks Investment With

III Issue Page Issue Page No. No. No. No.

'Transplanting' Method 28 16 New Development Zones in Shanghai 36 29 Hebei Province to Publicize Projects 28 •26 Foreign Agents for Chinese Ginseng 36 31 Hainan Exports Technology 28 :26 'Peacock' Carpet Catches On 36 31 Foreign Stock Auctioned 28 •26 New Medicine for Diabetes 36 31 China and France in Power Industry 28 :27 Santak Trade Mark Ruling 37 28 Snowflake Group's New Products 28 •27 Processing Zone Invites Investors 37 28 Farm EstabJ-shed in Australia 28 27 lECEE Endorses CB Inspectors 37 28 Hotel Business Centre Welcomed 29 :30 China, Indonesia Expand Trade 37 29 Expanding Export of Chinese Buses 29 30 Qingdao Imports Philips Goods 37 29 International Co-operation Sought 29 31 China Signs Oil Contract With US 37 29 China to Attend Sevilla World Fair 29 31 China, Japan, US Build a Cable 37 30 Guangdong's New Policy 30 27 Suzhou Holds Silk Festival 37 30 Import and Export Perk Up 30 27 DAP/NPK Factory in Operation 37 30 Yantai's Zone in Good Shape 30 27 Shanghai Maps Out Pudong's Future 38 5 Hebei Beckons on Taiwan Investors 30 28 Projects Seek Foreign Partnership 38 28 Motorola to Invest More 30 29 Better Supply for Joint Ventures 38 28 Jianlibao in Soviet Union 30 29 Better Quality of Imports & Exports 38 29 Non-Government Enterprises 30 30 Taiwan Applies for More Trade Foreign Investment Grows in Shang• Marks 38 29 hai 31 26 Smugglers Foiled in Their Attempts 38 :30 Silk Export Earns US$1 Billion 31 26 Jungar Coalfield to Import Facilities 38 30 Rules for Pudong Area 31 26 Shanghai Major on Pudong Develop• Liaoning Opens Its Doors Wider 31 27 ment 39 19 Ningbo Steps Up Port Construction 31 27 New Plan, Policy for East Zhuhai 39 29 Border Towns Ride the Tide of Re• China Sets Eye on Offshore Mining 39 29 form 32 5 Qinhuangdao's ETDZ Develops 39 29 The Opening of Jinan City 32 11 Beijing Opens Duty-Free Shop 39 30 Sino-Soviet Trade on Steady Course 32 22 Mineral Water Seeks World Sales 39 30 Reduced Investment in China 33 28 Small Motors Put on Sale 39 30 Spot Trade With USSR, E. Europe 33 28 New Ink Business Attracts Developed Oilfield Jointly With Foreigners 39 31 Japan 33 28 China's Air Industry Seeking Fenghua to Open Investment Zone 33 28 Partners 40 29 Industrial Town for Taiwan Business• Hebei Sells Land-Use Right 40 29 men 33 29 Dalian Expands Ties With Japan 40 29 'Polar Watch' Exports Rise 33 30 Improved Climate for Investment 40 30 China Purchases WSI 33 30 China Exports Plastic Carpet 40 30 Jiangsu's New Investment Boom 34 36 'Senbao' Natural Cosmetics Popular 40- 31 Yanhua Co. Extends Time Limit 34 36 Beijing to Host World Ads Meeting 40. 31 WFP-Aided Grain Project Goes Well 34 36 Imports and Exports Decrease 41 29 Turn Shanghai Into a Trade Centre 35 5 Yun-12 Airplane Gets a Certificate 41 29 Mainland Official on Taiwan Joining GATT 35 31 Zibo's Projects to Be Updated 41 30 ST' Apparatus Well Received Abroad 35 31 Hewlett-Packard's Second Venture 41 30 Janssen Medicine Co. Goes Well 35 31 China, WFP Work on Ecology 41 30 Agricultural Aid to Ecuador

IV issue Page Page No. No. No. No.

Pays Off 41 :31 Foreign Funds for Harbours, Roads 46 30 The Yangtze River Valley—A New Association Turns One Year Old 46 31 Open Area 42:29 Beijing Showcases Air Technology 46 31 US-Funded Firms Do Well in Beijing 42:29 Foreign Investment in a New Surge 47 5 Luzhou Attracts Foreign Capital 42:30 Shanxi: An E.x'panding Energy Base 47 42:31 Fujian Foreign Trade Booms Insurance Seminar in China 47 29 42:31 China Exports Clogs to Japan Philip Morris Supports Sports 47 29 Rules Add to Pudong's Apeal to Inves• China and Japan Produce Textiles 47 29 tors 43: 12 Medicine Exports Expand 47 30 Shanghai's Pudong Project in Full •• ~1 Beijing Jeep Sets Up Engine Plant ' 1 Swing 43: 16 30 CCPIT 1991 Exhibition Plan Abroad Turning Shanghai Into a 'Mainland 47 31 Hong Kong' 43:21 New Japanese Loans to China 4S 29 IFAD Aids Sichuan's Animal Hus• Foreign Investment Helps Expansion 48 29 bandry 43:24 China's Aircraft Test Centre 48 20 Five-Year Plan for Offshore Oil De• China Readjusts Exhibition Plan 48 29 43 :29 velopment Down Venture Established 48 30 China, MD to Set Up a Joint Tianjin Sees Brisk Investment 48 30 Venture 43:29 Air Conditioners in Japan 48 31 China, Japan Co-produce Bulbs 43:29 Putting Money Where It Belongs 369 Projects for Foreign Investment 43: 30 49 4 Burgeoning Patent Industry in China Tan'an Seeks Foreign Partners 43: 30 49 15 Consolidated Tax in Shenzhen Zhoushan Invites Foreign Investors 43:31 49 20 Improved Investment Climate Bright Prospects for Sino-British 49 29 Much Headway in Oil Exploration Trade 44:29 49 29 Agency Network for Foreign Ships Foreign Funds for Agriculture 44:29 49 30 China's Fashion Show in Hong Kong Haicheng Seeks Foreign Partnership 44:30 49 30 Fuzhou's Focus of Development Exhibition & Trade Fairs to Be Held 49 31 SEZs Celebrate Tenth Anniversary AtCIEC, 1991 44:30 50 5 China's Economic Retrenchment: Exhibition & Trade Fairs to Be Held 44:30 50 14 AtCIEC, 1992 Gains Outweigh Losses 44:31 Lhasa: Peaceful and Promising 50 16 Qufu Luring Foreign Investment 44:31 Great Wall Fan Co. Expanding Contract Signed for Auto Production 50 29 Hebei: Opening Wider to the Outside New Measures for Imported World 45:23 Medicine 50 30 Foreign-Funded Enterprises Need Qingdao Leases 11 Pieces of Land 50 30 Help 45:26 SEE Confident in Chinese Market 50 30 China May Set Up Transnationals 45:28 Foreign Banks Seek Development in Foreign Loans for Railways 45:28 China 51 8 Banks Support Joint Ventures 45:28 China Encourages Foreign Philips Makes Good Profits 45:29 Investment 51 29 H^bei to Produce Petrochemicals , 45:29 ADB Agricultural Loans to China 51 29 Project Seeks Co-operation 45:29 Gansu Benefits From WB Loans 51 29 Bright Future for XF Motorcycles 45:30 Vehicle Production With Taiwan 51 30 Fourth Asian Trade Promotion For• Mushroom Co. Jointly Set Up 51 30 um 46:30 Sister Cities: A Window for Mutual Minister on China's Foreign Trade 46:30 Accommodation 52 27

V Issue Page Issue Page No. No. No. No.

Foreign Funds Pour Into Guangzhou 52 :27 3. Culture New Commodity Inspection List 52 :32 Co-operation in Oil Prospecting 52 :32 1) General Factory Seeks Co-operation 52 :33 'China Pictorial' Celebrates 40th New Motorcycles Jointly Produced 52 :33 Birthday 35 •32 Sino-US Trade Into Centre 52 :33 Science, Peace Week in Beijing 48 6 Development Plan for Waigaoqiao 52 :34 Buddhist Ruins Discovered in Xian 49 33 8) Economic Reform 2) Art and Literature Pudong—An Open Policy Showcase 29 :23 'Northeast Wind' Sweeps Beijing Preferential Policies on Pudong 29 •26 Theatre 27 33 Companies Slashed bv One-Third 30 4 Kara-oke Popular in Beijing 28 32 Economic and Political Reforms 34 :27 Finger Painter Liu Zhongdong 28 33 Zibo's Projects to Be Updated 41 :30 A Portrait Painter of China's Nation• 34 Planning in Harmony With Market alities 28 Role 44 4 Folk Music Captivate Beijing 29 33 New Reform Chief Spells Out Guide• Traditional Folk Dance Loved by 30 32 line 45 4 Farmers Recovery Gains Momentum 45 5 International Ceramic Festival to Be held in Jingdezhen 30 33 China's Current Market: A View 47 26 30 34 Conform With Law of Value 49 26 Ding Jie's Dancing Party Indian Dance Troupe in China 32 25 New Ways for Rural Reform 49 26 Exhibition of Nuo Culture in Beijing 33 32 Merger: Way for Development 50 8 Sino-Foreign Cultural Ties in for a Market Role for Materials Ministry 51 6 Bright Future 34 11 Festival Dedicates to Friendship, 9) Enviornmental Protection Peace 35 4 Environmental Protection in China 29 14 International Fine Arts Awards 35 33 An Ideal Home for White-Fin Dol• Chinese, Foreign Folk Artists Dazzle phins 33 33 Beijing 36 27 China Builds Ecological Garden 42 28 Soviet Circus Quite a Hit in Beijing 37 33 Protection of Changbai Mts. 43 33 Drama Reflects Contemporary Rural Railway Arouses Worldwide Interest 51 31 Life 38 32 10) Others Documentary on Cultural Heritages 39 33 Prince's Palace: A Window on Farm EstabHshed in Australia 28 27 Chinese Culture 40 32 Thrift Does Not Mean Poverty 28 31 Photos Depicting Frontier Life 40 34 Hotel Business Centre Welcomed 29 30 Galaxy of Exhibits Adds Luster to Investment Opportunities 29 30 Asiad 41 23 Who Run China's Factories? 30 30 Beijing Festival Aglow With Oriental No Replacement of Traditional Val• Art 41 28 ues 31 28 41 32 China's Mineral Resources 44 28 ChinProbina gCommemorate Painters Holds aTchaikovsk Show y 41 32 Project Helps Fight Illiteracy 46 6 Peking Opera Series to TV 41 34 A Favourable Change in China's Jiangsu Rebuilds Legendary Bridge 41 34 Economy 50 28 Exhibition Puts Ancient Heritage in Characteristics of State Enterprises 51 34 the Picture 42 32 VI Issue Page Issue Page No. No. No. No. Pipe Organ Makes Debut in Beijing 42 33 LM-2E Rocket Ready for Business 31 : 5 Underwater Robot Gets the Job Breeding Site of Rare Birds Found 31 :32 Done 42 34 Hi-Tech Zones: a Good Beginning 32 : 6 The First Comparative Literature Beijing to Host World Conference 33 :29 Awards 43 32 Artificial Breeding of Alligators 34 :39 Pioneer of Chinese Children's Drama 44 32 Progress in Carrier Rocket Technolo• Teng Wenji Won Best Director 45 32 gy 36 :23 Farmer Writer Zhou Keqin 45 32 Botanical Gene Project Successful 36 33 'Dream of Fancy Cotton Prints' 46 32 Marsh Research and Its Exploitation 36 34 Lim Siang Hiong and His Paintings 46 33 Another Weather Satellite Launched 38 7 Romania Painting Exhibition 46 34 Nuclear Technology Boosts Agricul• Tibetan Folk Art Exhibition 47 33 ture 38 24 The Debut of an Ancient Musical 48 33 Protection for Grottoes 39 33 'Silk Road—2,100 Year' Celebration Protecting Pandas in Co-operation 40 33 in Xian 48 34 China Launches 30th Satellite 42 5 A Base for Science Film 50 32 Scientist-Turned Magistrates Work Disabled Able in Arts 50 33 Wonders 45 20 Workers' Engravings 51 8 New Structure of DNA Discovered 51 5 STVF '90 Presents a Rainbow of Cul• tures 51 17 5) IVIedicine and Health Roast Duck Restaurant in Film 51 32 Beijing Royal Jelly Catches Fancy 27 28 Yantai People Love Peking Opera 52 37 Anti-Canncer Drug Inventor Wins Award 31 33 3) Education Asia's No.l Plastic Surgery Hospital 34 39 Chinese Win IMO Title 30 5 New Medicine for Diabetes 36 31 Over 30,000 Back From Abroad 30 5 Achievements in Child Immunization 37 7 Wizkids' Vintage Chemistry Olym• Free Medicare in Need of Reform 43 6 piad 31 5 Dressing Wrap for Women in Abor• A Dream Comes True for a German tion 47 34 Girl 34 16 AIDS Challenge for China 48 32 Modern Education Flourishes Interest in Psychoandlysis Grows in in Tibet 34 38 China 52 24 Mihtary Training for University Stu• dents 35 28 6) Sports Youths Told to Be Patriotic 36. 6 The Asian Games Songs 27 32 China Goes on to Wipe Out Illiteracy 36: 7 Asiad's Benefit Medical Service 29 7 The Anti-Illiteracy Campaign Goes Chinese Divers Sweep Golds at Beijing On 37. 18 Meet 30 33 Olympiad in Science: China: A Force China All Out for Asian Sports Rally 32 4 to Be Reckoned With 39: 23 Mainland Welcomes Direct Taiwan Expectations at Odds With Realities 44: 23 Flights 33 8 Sinolingua in China 45: 26 Beijing: Countdown to the Asian Returnees Make the Grade 49: 26 Games 33 17 A new Biological Theory on Screen 50: 32 Chinese Performance at the Asian Games: a Forecast 35. 22 4) Science and Technology Asiad 'Villagers' Stage Dress Rehear• China Launches Heavy Duty Rocket 30: 7 sal 36: 32 China Sets Up New Launching Pad 30: 7 Beijing Ignites Asian Games Torch 37: 5 VII Isbue Page Issue Page No. No. No. No.

Asiad Participants: A Record Han Pottery Figurines Discovered in Number 38 5 Shaanxi 37 32 An Interview With Asiad Project Western Xia Relics Found in Ningxia 39 32 Leader Zhang Baifa 38 10 Protection for Grottoes 39 33 Asia Prepares for the Games 38 14 The Origin of a Civilization 40 33 Interview: 11th Asiad—an Unprece• New Cultural Relics in the Chinese dented Sports Meet 39 14 History Museum 44 32 Historical Data on the Asian Games 39 16 Skull of Wild Boar Discovered 49 34 For Your Reference: China and the Shang Dynasty Tomb in Jiangxi 52 36 Asian Games 39 17 Stone Age Relics Found in Fujian 52 36 11th Asiad Opens the Chinese Way 40 5 11th Asian Games Unveils m Pagean• 8)Books try 40 25 Book Recounts Last Emperor's Late China Strikes Golds in Asiad's First 5 Years 27 27 Days 41 5 Panmunjom Negotiations: Veteran Sidelights on the Asiad: 'Faster, High• Soldier and His Book 29 19 er, Stronger' 41 15 Deng Xiaoping on Literature and Art 30 26 1990 Beijing 11th Asian Games Art Who's Who of Chinese Experts 30 26 Festival 41 17 Aid China: A Memoir of a Forgotten 11th Asian Games Comes to Golden Campaign ( 1937-49) 31 30 End 42 4 Book Reviews China's Agricultural 33 31 11th Asian Games' Gold Medal Tally 42 5 A Guide to Trade, Investment 33 31 A Gala Meeting of 'Unity, Friendship, China Enacts New Foreign Tax Laws 33 31 Progress' 42 15 The 'Chronicle of Zhou Enlai' 34 37 The 11th Asian Games 42 : Centrefold 'Deng Xiaoping on Party Building' 34 37 Public Opinion on the Asian Games 42 22 Document on World Communists 34 37 'The Star-Spangled Night'—Pageantry at the closing ceremoney of the An Authoritative Account of Diplo• XI Asiad 42 25 macy in Contemporary China 43 28 Yijing: the Chinese Callisthenics 43 33 A 'Ok Beijing' Is a 'Ok 45 31 Beijing Sees Staminal Runners 44 7 New Foreign Language Books 45 33 Weifang: A City of Kites 47 32 Social Changes in New China 46 29 Beijing Qigong and Martial Arts Hall 49 34 A Success Story of China's Nuclear Industry 48 28 7) Archaeology and Culture Relics The Footprints of a Great Man 49 28 Why Have Dinosaurs Disappeared? 29 33 Collected Fine Art Works of China 52 38 Preserving Beijing's Ancient Trees 32 24 9) Others Ancient Bronze Musical Instruments Found 32 26 Guitar Gains Popularity in China 34 40 A Guarantee of Quality Exports 33 4 China's Folk Collections 44 27 Bronze Age: Earlier Than Believed 33 33 Wang Juhou and MT Qomolangma 47 27 Discoveries Made at Han Dynasty Pa• TV Series on Life of Confucious ^ 48 33 lace 33 34 A 'Jade Age' in Prehistoric China? 34 41 Figurines With Rich Facial Expres• 4. Social sion 34 42 Ancient Nomads in Rock Carvings 34 42 1) General ! Largest Dinosaur Fossile Found 36 33 The Spirit of Asian Games Lives On 43 : 4

VIII Issue Page Issue Page No. No. No. No. Anti-Disaster Work: A Winning Bat• tionalitics 52 :30 tle 43 4 Should Retirees Return to Work? 43 6 7) Religion After the 11th Asian Games 45 26 China's Islam 28 :25 Secrets for Winning the Gold 45 27 Beijing's First Group of New Nuns 38 :27 Match-Making by TV a Hit 49 32 Potala Palace Repair Project 38 27 182 Million Own Life Insurance 52 7 Religious Freedom Stressed Again 51 5 2) Senior Citizens 8)0tliers Home for Foreign Senior Citizens 27 28 The Labour Service Market in China 27 18 Urban Employment Situation 27 21 3) Women Facts and Figures: Urban Employ• Chinese Women: Active in Society 46 20 ment in 1989 27 23 4) Children Henan Develops New Toilet 28 31 1 Achievements in Child Immunization 37 7 Anti-Drug War Makes Headway 30 6 Official's Wife Sweeps Streets 30 31 5) Disabled Excessive Water Hits Much of China 31 7 Smugglers Foiled in Their Attempts 38 30 Pensions for One-Child Parents? 32 6 Disabled Citizens in China 46 24 Beijing's Summer, 1990 35 17 1 First Law for the Handicapped 47 6 Tougher Anti-Drug Steps Called for 45 6 !

Disabled Able in Arts 50 33 Cash for Farmers, Storage for Grain 47 5 i Welfare Business for the Disabled 51 11 Actions Reflect Nation's Spirit 47 26 Light for the Blind 51 14 1 Publishers Serving the Disabled 51 33 6) Population and Life II. International i 4th National Census Begins on July 1 27 4 Changes in Chinese Marriage, Family 28 30 1) General 1 The Query Is Queried 34 38 1 New Features of China's Fourth Cen• Problems of the US Plan to Renovate sus 39 27 NATO 27 10 China's Population Down to Size 42 7 Jiang: No Butting in China's Affairs 29 4 China's Population Pressures 44 27 Li Stresses Unity of the Third World 29 7 China Now Has 1.16 Billion People 46 5 International Terrorism and Counter- The 1990 Census 46. 17 measures 29 9 Population Flows to Cities and Coast 47 7 Easing Sanction Takes More Than CFPA's Contribution to Population Words 30 4 Control 47 20 Biased Economic Order Hurts Poor Tibetan Population Outgrows Countries 30 10 Average 48. 6 Hourton Summit Ends in 1 Birth Control: Still Essential 49: 6 Compromise 31 8 Facts and Figures: Geographical Dis• OPEC Raises Price of Crude Oil 33 10 tribution, Density and Natural world Economy in the 1990s: A Fore• Growth Rate of China's Popula• cast 33 12 tion 51: 21 The International Climate's Impact on i Major Data of the 1990 Census (3): Africa 32 8 1 Population of China's Ethnic Na- Festival Dedicates to Friendship 1i IX Issue Page Issue Page No. No. No. No. Peace 35 4 Clouds 30 5 China's Stability—A Responsibility to China All Out for Asian Sports Rally 32 4 the World 36 4 Sino-Soviet Ties Grow Steadily 36 8 Underdevelopment Nations' Predica• Asiad 'Villagers' Stage Dress Rehear• ment 37 8 sal 36 32 Nation Presses Ahead Despite Sanc• Li: Gulf Crisis Should Be Resolved by tions 40 14 Peaceful Means 37 5 Protecting Pandas In Co-operation 40 33 Home Again for 4,737 From Kuwait 37 6 Thriving Diplomacy Rooted in Stabil• Asiad Participants: A Record ity 41 5 Number 38 5 China's Important Role in World Af• Chinese and Soviet Foreign Ministers fairs 42 10 Conclude Talks 38 8 A Wise Decision 46 4 An Interview With Asiad Project 38 10 A Consular Law 46 5 Leader Zhang Baifa New Problems in a Changing World 46 9 38 14 Current World Economic Situation Asia Prepares for the Games —Chinese Scholar He Xin's Talk 11th Asiad—An Unprecedented 39 14 with Japanese Professor Yabuki Sports Meet 39 16 Susumu (I) 47 8 Historical Data on the Asian Games Busy Season for Chinese Diplomacy 48 5 For Your Reference: China and the 39 18 Asian Games The Advantages and Disadvantages of 40 5 Socialism—Chinese Scholar He 11th Asiad Opens the Chinese Way Xin's Talk with Japanese Profes• 11th Asian Games Unveils in Pagean• sor Yabuki Susumu (II) 48 14 try 40;25 The Development of China's Economy China Strikes Golds in Asiad's First —Chinese Scholar He Xin's Talk Days 41 5 With Japanese Professor Yabuki Sidelights on the Asiad: 'Faster, High• Susumu (III) 49 7 er, Stronger' 41 15 North-South Economic Ties: Past and Galaxy of Exhibits Adds Luster to Future 52 13 Asiad 41 23 11th Asian Games Comes to Golden End 42 4 2) China and the United Nations A Gala Meeting of 'Unity, Friendship, Kampuchea Should Keep UN Seat 31 4 Progress' 42 5 Why China Votes For Resolution Public Opinion on the Asian Games 42 22 665? 36 7 'The Star-Spangled Night'—Pageantry China Votes for Peace and Security 41 6 at the Closing Ceremony of the XI Asiad 42 25 The Spirit of Asian Games Lives On 43 4 3) China Foreign Relation, Mitterrand's Gulf Tour 43 11 Countries and Regions EC Resumes Links With China ' 45 4 Qian Drums Up Peace in Gulf 47 4 I.Asia China Urges Peaceful Solution on ,-, The Asian Games Songs 27:32 Gulf 50 4 Asia-Pacific Region: Much to Be Gulf Crisis Threatens Western Econo• Done in Agriculture 28: 13 my 50 24 Asiad's Benefit Medical Service 29: 7 Asia Savours Belated Detente 50 26 Sino-Canadian Ties: Dispelling Li Peng Starts Four-Nation Tour 51 4

X Issue Page Issue Page No. No, No. No. New Developments in the Gulf Situa• Prospects For Japanese-Soviet Re• tion 51 28 lations 44 9 Li Peng Continues South Asian Tour 52 4 Japan Asked to Halt Manoeuvres 45 5 China's Noticeable Diplomacy Tokyo's Plan to Send Troops Abroad of 1990 52 12 Arouses Concern 45 7 Bangladesh Korea Sino-Bangladesh Ties Flourishing 27 10 A Big Step to Korea's Reunification 35 9 A Symbol of Sino-Bangladesh Friend• Korea's First High-Level Talks 39 11 ship 31 10 Kampuchea Branei Washington's Aboutface on Kampu• Brunei: Oriental Oil Kingdom 42 12 chea 32 7 Cyprus Li Peng Speaks on Kampuchea and Gulf Crisis 34. 10 For a Just Solution to the Cypriot Is• 37 A Common Understanding on Cam• sue 6 bodia 35 10 Cyprus: a Developing Island Country 40 11 Cambodians On Peace Mission 36 6 India Cambodia: A Historic Step Toward Peace 39 4 Nepal, India Improve Relations 27 12 Cambodia Takes a Key Step to Peace 39 5 India Upgrades Science Technology 41 8 Cambodian Issue: Solution in Sight 39 8 Israel Lebanon New CriseIsraels i Government Beset With 28 8 Lebanon: Fresh Hopes Arise for Peace 44 8 Indonesia China, Indonesia to Connect Ties 29 5 Malaysia Malaysia Enjoys Stable Economic China, Indonesia End a 23-year Grows 39 11 Chasm 34 4 A New Era for Sino-Indonesian Rela• 7 Pakistan tions 34 Sino-Pak Friendship Flourishes in All Iraq Weathers 40 9 Iran-Iraq Negotiations Take Favour• Saudi Arabia able Turn 30: 9 China, Saudi Arabia Knot Diplomatic Arms Shipments Halted to Iraq 33: 8 Ties 31 4 China Against Iraq's Invasion 34: 4 Saudi Arabia Strides Into the Future 32 10 Iraqi Invasion Provokes Worldwide Saudi King Praise China's Gulf Stand Condemnation 35: 8 52 :5 Li Peng Meets Iraqi Official 38: 7 Singapore Japan Li's Visit Enhances Ties With Singa• Problems Behind the US-Japan Trade pore 34. 5 Dispute 31: 9 China and Singapore: Friendly Neigh• China, Japan Work For Closer Ties 40: 7 bours 34: 9. Breakthrough in DPRK-Japan Rela• Singapore: Path of Economic Devel• tions 43: 9 opment 37: 9 Sending Japanese Army Abroad? 44: 6 Sino-Singaporean Diplomatic Ties 42: 4 XI Issue Page Issue Page No. No. No. No. Lee Kuan Yew Pays Last China Visit A Look at US-Soviet Accord to Ban as PM. 44: 4 Chemical Weapons 41:10 Viet Nam OranVisitsUS After 18-Month Chill 50: 4 Sino-Vietnanicse Talks Fruitless 28: 7 Future Complications in US-Latin Vo's Beijing Visit: A Sign of Thaw 40: 7 American Ties 51:24 5. Europe 2) Africa Central-Southern Europe: Strong Co• Franco-African Co-operation Falls operation 43: 10 Short of Needs 28: 9 Moscow, Paris Strengthen Co• Mandela Gathers Support for Anti- operation 47:23 apartheid Struggle 29: 8 Prelude to a New European Order 49: 24 42: 11 Can Apartheid Be Eliminated Albania Zambia Albania: New Changes in Diplomacy 48 : 26 Top Leaders Meet Zambian PM 32: 4 Britain 3. Latin America Soviet-British Relations Are Latin z\merica Speeding Towards In• Warming-up 27 :11 tegration 30: 11 Sino-British Ties: A Warming Up? 32 : 5 Rio Group Prepare to Speed Up Inte• Britain Joins European Currency gration 47:24 Club 45: 9 Ecuador Margaret Thatcher: Out of the Lime• 41 :31 light 50:22 Agricultural Aid to Ecuador France 9 Mexico 48:27 Franco-African Co-operation Falls 6 Mexican Economy Comes to Life Short of Needs 28 : 11 Future Complications in US-Latin 51 :24 Jiang, Li Meet Former French PM 29: American Ties Mitterrand's Gulf Tour 43 : German 4. North America Problems Surrounding German Unifi• 11 Canada cation 30: German Merger Brings Problems 33 : Sino-Canadian Ties: Dispelling Germany Becomes a Unified 43 : 8 Clouds 30: 5 Canada in the Grip of Language Dis• Soviet Union putes Sino-Soviet Ties Grow Steadily 36: 8 40: 12 Trade With USSR. E. Europe United States Thrives 37:23 Problems Behind the US-Japan Trade Dispute 31: 9 Chinese and Soviet Foreign Ministers Washington's Aboutface on Kampu• chea 32: 7 Conclude Talks 38 : 8 The United States 'New Economic A Look at US—Soviet Accord to Ban Partnership' 33: 9 Chemical Weapons 41:10 XII Prospects for Japanese-Soviet Rela• tions 44: 9 USSR Adopts Market Economy Plan 45: 8 CHINA him, the development zone has j already attracted the attention of overseas business people. By the end of last October, the city had signed 14 letters of intent and agreements with Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and foreign bus• iness people on the development of the zone. A Hong Kong busi• ness plans to contract 5.3 hec• tares of land and invest US$25 million on its own to produce inter-call machines. An Ameri• can business plans to invest US$5 million in the joint prod• uction of liquid crystal display. Mayor Zhao made no efforts to conceal the city's disadvan• tages in the absorption of for• The Zhujiaqiao (oreign trade dock in Wuha with an annual handling capacity of eign funds. The city is inferior 900,000 tons. to coastal cities in its geographi• cal location and it enjoys less your own eyes, you would find it million tons of steel and 2 mil• favourable treatment from the hard to believe that Anhui Prov• lion tons of iron annually and government. However, Zhao ince, known for its agriculture, four other products—high speed said, the city's rich natural also has some of the nation's wire rods, locomotive tyres and resources, well-trained labour top-notch enterprises. The High sheet and section steel. Among I force and low land prices may Speed Wire Rod xMill of the the 500 large enterprises in I offset these disadvantages. To Maanshan iron and Steel Co. is a China, the company's profit and date, of the 14 foreign-funded en• case in point. In the 456-metre- tax came 19th and its sales in• terprises established in the city long and 111-metre-wide modern come ranked 31st. I in the past few years, four have factory building, two high speed Zhou Yude, mayor of Maan• [ brought in foreign exchange wire rod machines imported shan, told this reporter that with from exports and have had good from the Schlemann Siemag Co. the support of the Maanshan economic returns. The Nicon of Germany were turning out Iron and Steel Co. for develop• Electronic Co. Ltd.. a joint ven• quality wire rods at a speed of ment and with a number of large ture between Wuhu No. 3 Radio more than 100 metres per se• newly built projects as the main• Factory and the South Light En• cond. According to Wen Long, a stay, Maanshan would actively terprise Co. Ltd. of Hong Kong, responsible member of the mill, absorb foreign capital for its con• has exported US$300,000 worth since its construction in August struction. According to Mayor of products since it went into 1985 and trial production in Zhou, the 85 potential foreign- production in March 1989. This May 1987, the mill has turned funded include those involving has heightened the confidence of out over 1 million tons of wire the production of locomotive the Hong Kong investor who has rods in a dozen or so specificia- tyres, galvanized wire, steel cable decided to reinvest US$2.47 mil• tions, and 100,000 tons of which and high-speed uncoiling mach• lion in May 1991 to build another have been exported to Southeast ines, and the establishment of a mini-condenser production line Asia and some European coun• welding rod plant. The most im• for further increasing the joint tries. By late 1989, the mill had portant one is the construction of venture's output and export. recouped all its investment to• a universal steel plant as a joint talling 250 million yuan. In Sep• venture or a project under co• tember 1990, the wire rod prod• operative management. With a Tapping Advantages uced by the mill won a gold prize total investment of US$230 mil• Maanshan, Tongling and Anq• for quality products awarded by lion, it will be the biggest Sino- ing are unique-as compared with the state. foreign co-operative project in Wuhu. Their development and The Maanshan Iron and Steel Maanshan. It will introduce opening up, therefore, will centre Co., one of the nine extra-large from abroad or produce special- on their respective advantages. iron and steel complexes in shaped conticasters and other re- i If you have not seen them with China, is now able to produce 2 levant equipment in co-operation

BEIJING REVIEW. DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 21 CHINA with foreign firms and is expect• ing materials industries, includ• City, is able to refine 3 million ed to turn out 650,000-700,000 ing several dozen large and tons of crude oil and produce tons of H-shaped steel in various medium-sized projects by tap• 300,000 tons of synthetic am• specifications annually. The ping and utilizing its local re• monia and 520,000 tons of urea company has already formulated sources. These projects include annually. Its annual output val• co-operative plans and is holding cement works with an annual ue totals 850 million yuan, rank• business talks with foreign inves• output of 1.5 million tons, the ing 39th among the nation's large tors from Germany, the United second phase of an ammonium enterprises. The eight of its prod• States and Japan. phosphate project with an annual ucts, including diesel oil, na• capacity of 240,000 tons, the se• phtha and sulphur powder, have Tongling is a new industrial cond phase of a sulphurous iron been exported to Japan, Singa• city with rich mineral resources. ore project with an annual ex• pore, the Philippines, Canajia Mineral ore deposits have been tracting and dressing capacity of and Hong Kong. found in 126 places in the city. 900,000 tons, an art paper mill Wang Shiman, deputy mayor Of these, the reserves of copper, with an annual output of 15,000 in charge of the day-to-day work, sulphur, gold and limestone tons, a production line with an said that the development and make up 70 percent, 40 percent, annual capacity of 4,000 tons of opening up of Anqing will pro• 70 percent and 40 percent respec• copper strips used in the elec• ceed with the help of two advan• tively of the province's total. The tronics industry, and a produc• tages—the petrochemical and rich mineral resources have fur• tion line which is able to turn out the textile industries. Most of the nished favourable conditions for 2,000 tons of fine denier polyes• 56 economic and technological the city to develop its metal• ter filament annually. Foreign co-operative projects with for• lurgical, building materials and businessmen are encouraged to eign countries are connected to chemical industries. The Ton• invest in these projects or set up the two industries. The Anqing gling Non-ferrous Co. has be• joint auxiliary industries. General Petrochemical Plant come the third biggest copper- Anqing City, which has the will seek foreign funds for the smelting base in China. Its out• largest urban area in Anhui intensive processing of petro• put of ammonium phosphate Province, is famous historically leum coke. After its completion, ranks third in China and its and culturally. After a decade it will be able to produce 35,000 ramie, sulphur-iron ore and of construction, this ancient city tons of petroleum calcined coke, terylene also hold an important has become an important petro• 10,000 tons of calcined coke, place in production countrywide. chemical and textile industrial 3,000-5,000 tons of graphite During the Eighth Five-Year base in the province. products and 20,000 tons of Plan period, Tongling will invest The Anqing General Petro• methionine annually. The city's 4 billion yuan in expanding its chemical Plant, located in the textile industry is to develop non-ferrous, chemical and build- high-count fabrics and superior- northwestern suburbs of Anqing quality leather products, and ex• The newly built Wnhn bns teiminns. Pholoi hi/ YAO JIANGUO pand the acrylic filament kni• twear mill with 50,000 spindles. All these textile and light in• dustrial projects are expected to yield good economic returns. Zhou Benli, who is in charge of the work for speeding up the economic development and opening up of the Wanjiang area, said that most of the foreign co-operative projects offered by Maanshan, Tongling and Anqing in accordance with their respec• tive advantages relate to energy and raw materials industries. They meet the state industrial pohcies and are key industries encouraged by the state during the Eighth Five-Year Plan per• iod. Foreign investment in these

22 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 CHINA

fields not only can win the sup• capacity of 900,000 tons has been more than 30,000 programme- port of the state, but also yield basically completed. During the controlled telephones in the four quick economic returns. For in• Eighth Five-Year Plan period, cities and direct dial service is stance, the methionine project the Jiangbei coal dock and the available to connect these cities with an annual output of 20,000 Yuxikou dock will be expanded. with 500 other cities in China tons is expected to recoup its in• The expansion projects include a and more than 100 countries and vestment in seven years. berth for 3,000-ton-class vessels, regions throughout the world. two berths for 5,000-ton-class The Nanjing-Wuhan and Hefei- Investment Environment ocean-going vessels and twoWuh u optic fibre project, and berths for 5,000-ton-class contai• the Hefei-Wuhu-Tunxi digital Although the four cities have ner ships. 'By 1995, the handling micro-wave telecommunications their advantages in respect to in• capacity of the Wuhu port will systems which are now under dustries and resources, compared have reached 17 million tons. construction will provide the with the coastal open areas, their The second-phase expansion investors with better telecom• investment environment leaves project at Anqing port has been munications services. much to be desired. While ex• brought into line with the key Efforts are also being made to pediting the development and projects of the state for the de• improve the "soft" investment opening up of the four cities, the velopment of the Yangtze River. environment. Maanshan has \ Anhui provincial government Two berths for 5,000-ton-class stressed the need to enhance the has stressed the strengthening of vessels will be built and the six sense of opening up among its local infrastructures which will freight transport berths will be citizens. To improve work effi• be regarded as the main work at renovated in order to raise the ciency, the four cities have set up the initial stage of development. port's handling capacity to 12 organizations for foreign capital Zhou Benli noted that the plan million tons in 1995. service. Anqing has set up a for• for further improving the invest• A plan for expanding the eign capital service centre staffed by members from the city's plan• ment environment of the four Maanshan harbour has been ap• ning and economic commissions cities has been put into practice. proved. The state will invest 100 and foreign trade departments to The following are some of the million yuan in the construction of two berths for 2,000-ton-class work jointly in the examination main projects: vessels and the reconstruction of and approval of foreign-funded Transport and Communications. three foreign trade bulk cargo projects. Maanshan has esta• Construction of the 267-km rail• berths for 2,000-ton-class ves• blished a foreign economic work way from Hefei, (capital of the sels, one foreign trade berth for leading group headed by Mayor province) to Anqing started at 5,000-ton-class vessels and one Zhou Yude to offer necessary the end of 1990. With a total foreign trade berth for 2,000-ton- services to foreign investors. For• investment of 486 million yuan, class vessels. These projects will eign businessmen and Hong the railway will be completed start in 1991 and are scheduled Kong, Macao and Taiwan inves• and open to traffic in 1993. Con• to be completed and put into ser• tors may complete all the proce• struction of the Tongling High• vice by 1995. By that time, the dures just by contacting this or• way Yangtze River Bridge with a ports' annual handling capacity ganization. total investment of 280 million will total 15 million tons. Since the policy-decision of de• yuan will start in 1991. The pro• Energy Construction. Maanshan, veloping the Wanjiang area be• ject for expanding the 180-km Tongling and Wuhu have begun gan to be carried out six months second-class highway from Ton• the construction and reconstruc• ago, noticeable benefits have t gling to Hefei is under way. Af• tion of two 125,000-kw genera• been brought to the four cities j ter the completion of the high• tors which are expected to be along the Yangtze River. Ac• way, the travel-time of vehicles completed and put into service cording to statistics of Tongling from Tongling to Hefei will be by 1991. The plan for the instal• city alone, between July and Sep• cut by 50 percent. In addition, lation of two 125,000-kw genera• tember 1990, some 137 business• the plan for building larger air• tors in the Anqing Power Plant men from Italy, Germany, Japan ports in Anqing and Wuhu has has been worked out and the pre• and Hong Kong came to the city been mapped out. They will help paratory work is now under way. for business talks and signed sev- | the two cities to maintain easy Upon completion, these genera• en letters of intent. Along with contact with other cities through• tors will greatly help improve the the large-scale development of out the country. region's energy supply. the Pudong area in Shanghai in ! Harbour Construction. Wuhu's In recent years, the region has the 1990s, the four cities are ex- ] Zhujiaqiao foreign trade dock come a long way in its commun• pected to take further steps to with a designed annual handling ication facilities. There are open up to the outside world. •

BEIJING REVIEW,DECEMBER ,2

Interest in Psychoanalysis Grows in China by Our Staff Reporter Cui Lili

It was in the early oon after Jia Jian, a tive disposition. pretty girl of 19, en• Presently, psychoanalys• 1980s that S tered the Hebei Prov• is, a rarely used treatment psychoanalysis incial Teachers' College at in recent decades, is being began to draw the Shijiazhuang as a student acknowledged and wel• attention of China's of the Fine Arts Depart• comed by more and more ment, she became morose people throughout China. medical and and depressed. Previously In addition to the depart• psychology circles. active and outgoing, she ments of psychoanalysis in Basing their work became reticent with oth• comprehensive hospitals, on China's ers and often stayed by there are some 200 institu• traditional cultural herself. Her mood became tions specializing in profes• worse until she even neg• sional psychoanalysis. Mo• background, lected to wash and dress reover, dozens of colleges experts and herself. and universities, including scholars have since Last year, Jia went to see Beijing University, Qingh- made a deep and a psychiatrist in one of the ua University, People's systematic stuty of city's hospitals, where she University of China, East was diagnosed as having a China Normal Universi• a variety of "dread of social contact," ty and Chinese Medical psychological a common psychological Science University, have illnesses, their problem. also provided psychoana• pathology and Jia had been favoured by lysis services for students. methods of teachers and classmates in her middle school, but af• Progress treatment. ter she went to college, she found there were many Psychoanalysis is the use other talented people and by doctors of modern med• felt herself getting the cold ical science and psychology shoulder for the first time. in order to treat those who The change was too great are psychologically upset for her; she refused to have or who have a mental or contact with others and physical illness. By helping lost interest in the world the patient recognize and around her. perhaps rid themselves of The doctor took Jia shop• the psychological factors ping, seeing a film and contributing to an illness, dancing in an attempt to a psychoanalyst can help a spark her interest in life. patient either avoid an ill• His efforts succeeded. Jia, ness altogether or alleviate completely recovered, has the symptoms. regained her previous ac• In the early 1980s, psy-

24 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 CHINA choanalysis began to attract the cal treatment. It was on this bas• other related methods, there attention of China's medical is that China's psychoanalytic were more than 30,000 patients and psychology circles. After in- services have come to the fore. and more than 2,000 letters re• depth study and research, medi• According to Prof. Shen Yu- questing advice from 25 prov• cal experts have discovered that cun, director of the research in• inces. The psychoanalysis "hot the most serious diseases threa• stitute for psychological health line" of the China Institute for tening human health and affect• under the Beijing Medical Health Education in Beijing has ing a person's life span, such as Science University, the develop• helped to prevent 47 possible sui• cardiovascular and cerebrovas• ment of psychoanalysis has been cides and has been praised as a cular diseases, malignant tum• comparatively rapid in recent "life line." our, bronchial asthma, ulcer and years in the larger cities of Bei• Currently, dozens of medical diabetes, are closely related to jing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guang• colleges offer psychology cours• mental depression, social envi• zhou and Nanjing. There, psy• es. The Beijing Medical Science ronment and social contacts. choanalysis is characterized by University, for example, formal• Doctors of the stomatological an integration of study and prac• ly set up the Department of college of the Beijing Medical tice and by the improvement of Mental Health this year and ad• Science University proved that outpatient services through theo• mitted about 30 students. some oral diseases, such as jaw retical exploration. pains and atypical toothaches, Since 1980, Shen's institute Consultation could not be linked to a defini• has established some ten re• tive cause but were related to search offices for social psy• The Zhejiang Hangzhou Na• psychological stress, worry and chiatry, science on child mental val Sanatorium surveyed 1,200 depression. A hospital in Henan health and elderly psychological convalescent pilots and found Province analyzed 70 cases of and psychoanalysis services. The that 35 percent suffered from occupational throat diseases and institute produced hundreds of mental or physical problems, 101 cases of throat abnormali• theses of guiding significance particularly stomach functional ties and concluded that most pa• and organized dozens of special disorder, insomnia and pain in tients had some kind of emotion• study groups which focused on the neck, shoulder, waist and al disturbance before they fell psychoanalysis. The institute back. The pathology of the ill• ill such as frustiations in work, also regularly sends people nesses, however, was uncertain family dispute, an unexpected abroad for study and invites not• and the doctors believed that the accident or extreme anger. ed overseas scholars of psy• main cause lie in the pilots' emo• 1 In addition, China's reform choanalysis to lecture in China. tional distress. j and opening to the outside world In addition, it has established co• China Psychology Health, the have led to radical changes in operative ties with other coun• nation's most authoritative ma• every social stratum. The change tries on a variety of special top• gazine in the field, has published in values has created disorder in ics. Currently, as one of the a large number of theses since some people's spiritual life and three psychological research and 1987 when it first started pub• increasing competition in society training centres set up by the lishing articles on the psycholog• has brought about psychological UN World Health Organization ical problems of different oc• I stress. Soine people, particularly in China (the other two are in cupational groups, like sailors, the elderly and children of one- Shanghai and Nanjing), the in• machinists and nurses. The ar• child families, find it difficult to stitute has a national training ticles systematically analyzed a adapt. The result has been an programme for professional psy• variety of diseases and the re• increase in the number of people chologists. sultant social and psychological suffering from serious emotional Shen says that psychoanalysis factors, then proposed the theo• and psychological illnesses. has proven to be effective and retical basis for mental and The increase shocked the med• that more and more people of all physical fitness. ical and psychology experts. ages and differing occupations Chinese psychologists have They demanded that the old are willing to accept such thera• found it useful to classify those I medical treatment which neg- py, including those with sexual seeking psychological treatment I lected a person's psychological problems. In the first year af• into different groups according health and focused solely on the ter Tianjin established a men• to age and has already set up cure of physical diseases be re• tal health centre, which offers research institutions to tackle formed. They wanted to in• services including psychology psychological problems of the tegrate psychological and physi• counseling, psychotheraphy and different age groups—psychol-

BEJJINC RIVIEVS. DEC.iAIBER 24^.10, 1990 , CHINA ogical health associations, for ex• The research institute for is most apparent in the attitude ample, for children and the old mental health of the Beijing towards sex, an attitude which people. Young people, especially Medical Science University is triggers a dread of social contact college students, have become now planning, in co-operation and sexual inhibitions. A report the particular focus of attention. with the State Education Com• on 75 cases of young people suf• College students were pre• mission, to carry out psychologi• fering from an inability to have viously thought to be the heal• cal research on college students normal social contact showed thiest group, but research in the in certain selected colleges. Af• that 48 had difficulties with sex• 1980s showed that quite a large ter the survey is finished, a plan ual love at the onset of their number suffered from psychol• to prevent and treat emotional illnesses. They feared, for exam• ogical problems to varying de• and psychological problems of ple, that they would be sneered grees. students will be drafted and dis• at if those towards whom they The psychological medical re• seminated to other colleges and were sexually attracted knew of search office of the Shang• universities. their thoughts towards them. hai Medical Science Univers• The many cases of sexual di• ity diagnosed and analyzed 83 Cultural Background sorder also show that the exces• college students seeking psychol• sive constraint and public dis• ogical counseling. To their sur• In recent years, psychologists dain of sexuality by traditional prise, 92.8 percent of the stu• have noticed that some elements dents were found to be under of traditional Chinese culture Chinese culture has engendered emotional stress because of a have exerted a negative influ• in some people such strong sense heavy study burden, examina• ence on a person's mental and of shame regarding sexual activ• tions, poor performance, an in• physical health. They point to ities that they have become ill. ability to adapt to the changed the fact that Chinese culture fa• The contradiction between their life style and the change in ha• vours restrained and conciliato• physical desires and moral cen• bits, language barrier, social con• ry personalities. The more emo• sure was too much to bear. tacts, frustration in their search tional upset one can bear, the Taking into account the influ• for love and confusion about more "cultivated" he is thought ence of the traditional Chinese their sexual identity. to be. Many people with psychol• culture on people, China's psy• The psychological problems of ogical problems, therefore, are choanalysts are trying to devel• the 83 college students were re• reluctant to see a doctor lest they op theories and methods suitable presentative of students in Chi• be criticized and looked down for the Chinese psyche. Dr Lu na's colleges and universities. upon. generated one treatment method According to a thesis published Psychiatrists say that patients through his counseling of a man in 1986 by a group of experts with emotional problems usually employed as a teacher. The headed by Wang Jiguang, 30-60 emphasize on their physical ill• man's problem was that he was percent of all college students ness. According to Dr Lu Qiu- afraid to have contact with are under emotional stress. yun of the research institute for middle-aged women. He told Dr How to keep college students' psychological health of the Bei• Lu that he had left his mother mental and physical health is an jing Medical Science University, for a long time when he was a important research topic in in• many patients talk more about child and that he was badly in stitutions of higher learning. In their headache, feelings of lassi• need of his mother's love and colleges that have already set tude and weakness and stoma• regretted ever having parted up psychological counseling chache when they consult with from her. When he returned centres, the medical personnel their psychiatrists and little home, however, his mother re• have done a great deal of work about the psychological reasons buffed his feelings. Since then, to solve the psychological prob• behind their problems. he had been terrified at meet• lems and emotional crisis from According to Dr Zhong Youb- ing middle-aged women hke his which the students suffer. For in of the psychoanalysis research mother. Lu helped the man un• example, the Shanghai Jiaotong section of the Shoudu Steel derstand his mother's feudal, University set up a "Beneficial Company Hospital, the Chinese backward and inconsiderate at• Advisory Service Center" offer• have a strong sense of shame titude. In time, the man's fear ing advice regarding vocational because of Confucianism's em• gradually dissipated and he was phasis on "courtesy, righteous• training, coping with pressure able to have normal interaction and the benefits of keeping men• ness', sense of honour and sense with middle-aged women. • tally and physically fit. of shame." This sense of shame

26 BEIJING REviEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 CHINA

Sister Cities: A Window for Mutual Accommodation

by Our Staff Reporters Wu Naitao and Huang Wei

ister cities," as the name sug• the province's sister cities abroad. main unchanged. In November gests, date back to the early It has sent celebrities in cultur• last year, Gifu sent a delegation S post-war years as a special al circle to hold calligraphy and headed by its deputy mayor to par• kind of friendly ties established be• painting exhibitions, exchanged ticipate in a Marathon race along tween cities of different countries. highly prized animals and plants scenic West Lake in Zhejiang Such a relationship first found its and carried out an extensive inter• Province according to the origin• way into China in 1973, the year change of njuseum materials on al plan. In addition, the exchange the coastal city of Tianjin of China management and cultural arti• programmes between some sister and Kobe of Japan became sister facts. Foreign friends were deeply cities which were suspended for cities. Since that time, under the impressed by a "panda exhibition" some time after the June 4, 1988 influence of the open policy, 344 held in Fukuoka, Japan, in 1980 political disturbances have been such pairs have been established and a "Chinese culture week" in gradually resuined. between China and 40 countries Sydney, Australia; and both cities around the world. In almsot every were instantly swept by a "China province in China there is at least craze," according to local newspa• Co-operation one city which is a "sister" to a pers. But the "friendship park" in The coastal metropolis of Shang• foreign counterpart. New South Wales, Australia, was hai with its population of 12 mil• perhaps the longest lasting symbol lion has speeded up its industrial of the craze. The 10,000-square- development over recent years. Bonds of Friendship metre park was designed by ex• Consequently, the industrial and The sister cities have promot• perts from Guangdong Province residential waste water each day ed inter-city exchanges and mu• and is still the largest Guangdong- reached 5.4 million cubic metres, tual understanding between differ• style park in the world. three quarters of which drained ent countries and peoples. They Last year, some Western coun• untreated into surrounding rivers, have become part and parcel of tries took advantage of the politi• severely polluting the environment friendly Sino-foreign relations and cal disturbances in Beijing early of Shanghai. Since 1980, engineers important windows for China to spring and late summer to stir up and technicians in Shanghai have open to the outside world and for an anti-China wave. Relations be• consulted extensively on the prob• foreign friends to know China bet• tween most sister cities, however, lem of waste water disposal with ter. were unaffected and many of• their counterparts from San Fran• With the development of friend• ficials sent letters and telegrams to cisco. They conducted on-site in• ly activities, multi-channelled, express their understanding. The vestigations in San Francisco to multi-layered networks between governor of Iowa of the United collect project materials. Techni• city halls, enterprises, scientific States, for example, wrote the gov• cians from San Francisco came to and technological, cultural and ed• ernor of Hebei Province that the Shanghai to look into the city's ucational and other social groups importance of maintaining friend• problems; they issued an advisory have appeared in many sister ci• ship during times of difficulties report and discussed possible waste ties. Stable and friendly co• could not be underestimated. The water treatment projects. In Au• operative relationships have begun deputy governor of Antwerp, Bel• gust 1988, the first phase of a pro• to take shape. gium, sister province to Shaanxi ject which adopted suggestions Xiong Xirong, head of the for• Province, said, "There is no reason of San Francisco consultants was eign affairs office under the to condemn the Chinese govern• started. Guangdong people's government, ment; we could not hurt the feel• Li Mingxiang, vice-chairman of said that the province often sends ings of people in Shaanxi Prov• the Shanghai Association of acrobatic troupes, song and dance ince." Friends from Japan's Gifu Friendship With Foreign Coun• ensembles, Guangdong opera and Fukui said in their letters tries, said that in the past decade troupes, silhouette-show troupes and telegrams that their friendship Shanghai has developed various and martial arts teams on tours of with the Chinese people would re• forms of exchange and co-

BEIJING REVIEW, DECE^jipER 24-30,,19»0 27 r

CHINA

I A Beijing friendship delegation visiting a farm house in Tokyoto, Japan in 1982.

Left: The production line for knitting plastic bags, imported from Line City of Austria by Chengdu City of Sichuan Province; Right: Sichuan Hotel in Dusseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

BEIJING RJEVIEVV, DLCKMBFR 24-30. 1990

I.-. CHINA operation with sister cities such as introduction of products of each mic and trade relationships with Rotterdam, Osaka and Hamburg side, thus helping to meet each the Soviet Union and East Euro• on such topics as city planning, side's needs. In addition, each city pean countries and, in the past new area development, environ• could learn about the international two years, the contracts for goods mental clean-ups, land reclamation market situation, which is a matter signed by companies affiliated to from the ocean, harbour construc• of benefit to both sides. In July foreign affairs department reached tion, underwater tunnels, subway 1988, for example, the Shenzhen 260 million Swiss Francs. systems, tap water and gas pro• City, Guangdong Province held an jects. Professional technicians on export commodities sales fair in both sides were able to expand Lancashire County, Britain. Such Joint Ventures their field of vision and glean new Chinese goods as arts and crafts, information in the process. textiles, costumes, hardware and Establishing joint ventures has Co-operation between sister ci• minerals on display were popu• been an important means to sti• ties is also manifested in scientific lar with local consumers. Sixty- mulate the economy since China and technological research, and ex• six trade contracts were signed at adopted the reform and open poli• change of talents. Experts are in• the exhibition with business vol• cy in 1979. Tianjin, which, as al• vited from each other countries. ume reaching US$34.36 million, ready noted, was China's first city After establishing a sister city helping Britain's industrial and to establish friendly ties with Kobe relationship with Duisburg, Ger• commercial circles to learn about of Japan, had set up 14 joint many, the city of Wuhan, Hubei the economic strength of the city. ventures with investments of Province, invited some retired The local residents of Guang• US$46.58 million and foreign fund German experts to work in China. zhou were highly impressed in worth US$5.74 million by the end One expert advised the city of 1985 by a machinery exhibition of 1988. Wuhan on how to reduce its use of held by Hyogo of Japan. The rate The Sino-US Tianjin Smith- expensive imported car-paint for of purchase reached 80 percent to Kline & French Laboratories Ltd. repair purposes. He designed a a business volume of US$310,000. began its operation in 1987 with new formula for the plant free of This helped to expand the market some US$8.5 million of invest• charge. Ninety-two percent of the for Japanese products in Guang• ments during the first phase for ingredients producing a result as dong Province and helped enter• the production of 14 medical prod• good as imported products were prises and hospitals in Guangdong ucts, earning an average rate of home-made materials. The product to import some urgently needed profit of 15.8 percent. The medi• compared favourably with import• equipment and machinery. cines manufactured by the com• ed one and was thus highly praised pany are currently on sale around by clients after one year of popu• the country and in high demand. larization. Trade Talks Construction for the second phase Since 1981, 11 institutions of In addition to the exhibitions, of the project is speeding up. higher learning in Shanxi Province sister cities also directly organized Nanning in Guangxi Zhuang established ties with 31 foreign in• or participated in economic and Autonomous Region and a city in stitutions through the sister city trade talks in order to open up a Gambia used their sister city rela• programme. Nineteen colleges in• new channel for product exports. vited 312 long-term foreign teach• tionship to develop economic and The city of Dalian in Liaoning trade co-operation. Nanning set ers and 103 short-term scientific Province holds foreign economic up an exclusively Nanning-owned and technological experts and en• co-operation and trade talks an• company and a joint company rolled 440 foreign students. Mo• nually for northeastern China and which operates light industry, reover, 623 Chinese students were the Inner Mongolian Autonomous machinery, food, poultry and ve• sent abroad for further studying. Region and each time invites sister getables in the Gambian city. The cities to participate. In 1986, the Gambia Swan Business Co. Ltd. Trade, Exhibitions city of Shenyang in Liaoning Prov• ince exported 100,000 cases of and Gambian businessmen sold bi• cycles and spare parts imported Bilateral economic and trade de• Xuehua (Snowflake) Beer to Chi• from Nanning and also manufac• velopment was promoted through cago. During the past decade tured light industry products such various product exhibitions, trade Liaoning Province exported talks and the establishment of joint US$82 million worth of products as pumps, car lamps, glazed tiles ventures by Chinese and foreign and US$66 million in barter trade and batteries. The practical and sister cities in recent years. as a result of economic and trade diversified operations met the de• mands of local markets. The Swan Xiong Xirong believed that activities of sister cities. brand bicycle is in great demand in holding exhibitions in both sister Over recent years, Liaoning Gambia and is exported to Sene• cities would promote friendship Province also used the mechanism gal, Guinea and Nigeria. • and contact and allow the direct of the sister city to develop econo•

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30.1990 29 ' ^'^ CHINA Major Data of the 1990 Census (3) Population of China^s Ethnic Nationalities n November 13, 1990, the State Statistical Bureau of the People's Republic of China released its No.3 Communique of Major Data of the 1990 Census. O The hand-tabulated population of the various nationalities in the mainland's 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities including military servicemen is shown in the "1990 census" column of the following table. Compared with the data of the 1982 census, the number of nationalities with population exceeding 1 million increased from 16 to 19. They include the Han, Mogolian, Hui, Tibetan, Uygur, Miao, Yi, Zhuang, Bouyei, Korean, Manchu, Dong, Yao, Bai, Tujia, Hani, Kazak, Dai and Li nationahties. The number of nationalities with population under 1 million but over 100,000 rose from 13 to 15. They are: the Lisu, Va, She, Lahu, Shui, Dongxiang, Naxi, Jingpo, Kirgiz, Tu, Daur, Mulam, Qiang, Gelo and Xibe nationalities. The population of the remaining 22 nationalities is lower than 100,000. The nationalities which doubled their population during the past eight years include the Manchu, Tujia, Gelo, Xibe, Russian and Hezhen nationalities. Table: Population of China's Nationalities and their growth during the 1982-90 period

Nationality 1990 Census 1982 Census Growth Rate Daur 121,357 94,014 29.08 (population) (population) (%) Mulam 159,328 90,426 76.20 Total 1,133,682,501 1,008,175,288 12.45 Qiang 198,252 102,768 92.91 Han 1,042,482,187 940,880,121 10.80 Bulang 82,280 58,476 40.71 Mogolian 4,806,849 3,416,881 40.68 Salar 87,697 69,102 26.91 Hui 8,602,978 7,227,022 19.04 Maonan 71,968 38,135 88.72 Tibetan 4,593,330 3,874,035 18.57 Gelo 437,997 53,802 714.09 Uygur 7,214,431 5,962,814 20.99 Xibe 172,847 83,629 106.68 Miao 7,398,035 5,036,377 46.89 Achang 27,708 20,441 35.55 Yi 6,572,173 5,457,251 20.43 Pumi 29,657 24,237 22.36 Zhuang 15,489,630 13,388,118 15.70 Tajik 33,538 26,503 26.54 Bouyei 2,545,059 2,122,389 19.91 Nu 27,123 23,166 17.08 Korean 1,920,597 1,766,439 8.73 Uzbek 14,502 12,453 16.45 Manchu 9,821,180 4,304,160 128.18 EwenkRussiani 26,3113,5054 2,9319,345 3 36.0360.14 0 Dong 2,514,014 1,426,335 76.26 Deang 15,462 12,295 25.76 Yao 2,134,013 1,403,664 52.03 Bonan 12,212 9,027 35.28 Bai 1,594,827 1,132,010 40.88 Yugur 12,297 10,569 16.35 Tujia 5,704,223 2,834,732 101.23 Jing 18,915 11,995 57.69 Hani 1,253,952 1,059,404 18.36 Tatar 4,873 4,127 18.08 Kazak 1,111,718 908,414 22.38 Drung 5,816 4,682 24.22 Dai 1,025,128 840,590 21.95 Oroqen 6,965 4,132 68.56 Li 1,110,900 818,255 35.76 Hezhen 4,245 1,476 187.60 Lisu 574,856 480,960 19.52 Moinba 7,475 6,248 19.64 Va 351,974 298,591 17.88 Lhoba 2,312 2,065 11.96 She 630,378 368,832 70.91 Jinuo 18,021 11,974 50.50 Gaoshan 2,909 1,549 87.80 Other uni• 749,341 881,838 Lahu 411,476 304,174 35.28 dentified na Shui 345,993 286,487 20.77 tionalities Dongxiang 373,872. 279,397 33.81 Foreigners 3,421 4,842 Naxi 278,009 245,154 13.40 of Chinese Jingpo 119,209 93,008 28.17 citizenship Kirgiz 141,549 113,999 24.17 Note: the figures presented in the table include m Tu 191,624 159,426 20.20 servicemen.

30 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 News and Pttblications Journal

• Window of information and news • Advice on news and publications • Helper of printers and distributors • Friend of the reading public The News and Publications Journal, put out by the Administration of News and Publications of the People's Republic of China, is the only official, professional paper available in this sphere to people whose pastime is watching video or reading magazines and newspapers. Guided by Marxism, it passes on Party and state policies on news and publications in good time, focuses on the trends, achievements and problems in publishing, and for introduction to its readers, compiles the new ideas and cultural achievements of China and foreign countries. The News and Publication Journal focuses on areas wherever events are crowded and knowledge is concentrated, and wherever modern civilization shines at its brightest. It notes special articles of magazines and newspapers as well as outstanding video shows, and in addition to reporting major events and news roundups on its front and second pages, it offers features and supplements on the third and fourth pages under headings such as "Bookstall," "Newspaper Centre," "Periodicals Window," "Video World," "Market," "Edit• ing and Interviews," "Probing," "Printing Front," "Overseas Page," "Folk-Song Collection," "Surging Emotions," and special columns such as "Best Sellers," "Recommended Publica• tions," and "Afloat in a Sea of Books." Texts, richly illustrated, suit both discriminating and popular tastes. Authoritative, instructive and highly readable, it was appraised as one of the best papers in Beijing in 1988. The News and Publications Journal, has four folio pages. From 1991, it will be published three times a week (on Monday, Wednesday and Friday) and publicly distributed both at home and abroad. Orders are welcome from news and publications administrative depart• ments, broadcasting stations, TV stations, periodical and newspaper offices, publishing houses (including video publishing units), bookstores, printing presses, universities, colleges, libraries, reference libraries and periodical and newspaper distributing units. In China, quarterly subscriptions can be placed at your local post office.

Postal registration No: 1-50. Price: Single copy, 0.20 yuan RMB • Monthly subscription, 2.60 yuan Yearly subscription, 3L20 yuan Subscriptions from overseas should be placed with: Sanlian Bookstore Co. Ltd., Hong Kong News and Publications Journal

Address: 17 Beida Jie, Fuchengmen, Bei• jing, PRC Postcode: 100037 BUSINESS / TRADE

Foreign Funds eign investment in land trans• of exports, totalling 894 varie• fer and development. At pre• ties of products. In the com• Pour Into sent, the zone has 14 Taiwan- modity classification, using Guangzhou funded enterprises. the "Commodity Classifica• Through six years of con• tion and Coding Co• In 1990, a batch of industri• struction, a favourable invest• ordination System" popular• al enterprises with advanced ment environment has begun ized and applied throughout technological equipment and to take shape. The Hengyun the world will not only be large-scale investment have Heat and Power Plant, com• more consistent with the cur• been completed and put into pleted and put into operation rent practice regarding classi• operation in the Guangzhou this year, supplies 90 million fication standards but help Economic and Technological kwh annually and meets the information exchange and Development Zone of south needs for electricity in the statistics both in China and China's Guangdong Prov• development zone. Currently, abroad and the computer ince. A favourable situation businessmen from 14 coun• management of commodity emerged in the use of foreign tries and regions including the examination. funds. United States, Canada, Aus• According to the provisions tralia, Japan and Italy have Huang Ruiyuan, deputy di• of the Law of Commodity In• investments there. Over the rector of the development spection, the official said, im• past few years, the zone has zone, noted that the newly port and export goods en• approved 350 contracts cover• completed 19 industrial enter• umerated in the new List ing an investment of more prises include the Pepsi Group of Varieties of Commodities than 2.9 billion yuan, of and PNG of the United States must be inspected by the com• which US$89.5 million has al• and some enterprises of trans• modity examination organiza• ready been put to use in the national corporations. There tions or the state commodity area. • are four enterprises with in• inspection departments. Im• vestments exceeding US$10 port and export goods without million each. The Guangzhou New Commodity examination are not allowed Malt Co. Ltd., a Sino-foreign to enter the market or be joint venture, for example, Inspection List used; this also applies to un• has an investment of US$30 qualified export commodities. million and can produce In order to strengthen the The list now under imple• 60,000 tons of malts annually. management of import and mentation came into effect on It is the largest of its kind in export commodities to be in• August 1, 1989, and will be Asia. spected by laws, a new "List of abolished on December 31, Businessmen and financial Varieties of Import and Ex• 1990. groups from the United port Commodities to Be In• by Yao Jianguo States, Japan and Taiwan are spected by the Commodity eager to mvest in the Guang• Departments" (referred to be• Co-Operation in zhou Development Zone. low as the List of Varieties of Managed jointly by the Unit• Commodities) which was is• Oil Prospecting ed States, Japan and China, sued after re-classification, the Guangzhou Polyester will be implemented on Janu• The Hunan Tongting Basin Slice Co. Ltd. has US$60 mil• ary 1, 1991. Petroleum Contract, the first lion in investment. In the first A leading official- of the ; oil co-operative exploration 11 months of 1990, the State Administration for the and development contract for zone signed 43 contracts Inspection of Import and Ex• an inland basin of south on foreign-funded enterprises. port Commodities noted that China, was officially signed in The contract value was the new list basically covers Beijing on December 10. This US$86.3 million, 2.8 times commodities as included in is the first foreign co• that of the same period of the List of Varieties issued in operative project for China's 1989. Progress was also made 1989, with 302 varieties under inland oilfield. in attracting Taiwan invest• 17 categories of imports and The contract was jointly ment and in the field of for• 592 varieties in 17 categories signed by the China Petro-

32 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 BUSINESS / TRADE

leum Development Co., the According to Zhan, his fac• percent higher than that of Santa Fe Energy Resources tory produces more than similar products. The mo• Co. (US), the Northern Mi• 700,000 bench vices annually. torcycle's oil consumption is chigan Prospecting Co. (US) They are exported to more economical at 1.89 litres per and the Oil Exploring Co. than 90 countries and regions, km, which is 17.8 percent low• (New Zealand). According to including the United States, er than similar products and the contract early-phase risk Germany, Britain and France. the lowest among domestic prospecting will be undertak• As China's largest bench motorcycles. en alone by foreign partners clamp production base, this Success in developing this using their advanced geophys• factory exports a quarter of motorcycle indicates that Chi• ics technology. After geologi• China's total bench clamp out• na's technology in this field cal survey is completed, the put. The vice-president of the has entered the advanced two sides will jointly invest in United States Global Industri• world rank. oil/gas fields development. al Group specializing in mar• The contract for the co• The Dongting Basin Oil keting the factory's products operative project was signed Contract Zone, covering an spoke highly of the excellent in March 1985, and the first area of 15,900 square km, is quality of its products and its batch of sample engines were located at the juncture of punctual delivery of goods. turned out in September 1989. Yueyang, Changde, Yiyang The 38-year-old Laizhou After that, the product was and Taoyuan of Hunan Prov• Bench Clamp Factory prod• put into trial-production. The ince. uces more than 20 kinds of product passed the technical Those concerned note that products, including bench appraisal in April 1990 and the signatures to the contract vices table vices and flat-nose captured first prize at the na• are an important result of pliers in more than 70 specifi• tional motorcycle contest. opening China's oil industry cations. Exports account for Batch production of Nanya to the outside and of active• 86 percent of the factory's to• 125 motorcycles will register ly developing economic and tal output. The factory's new an annual output of 100,000 technological co-operation products such as precision engines and 50,000 motorcy• with foreign countries. This machine flat-nose pliers, univ• cles. • endeavour will open wider vis• ersal flat-nose pliers and other tas for more foreign oil,com• high-grade products now find panies to come to south China brisk sales in the market. Sino-US Trade for co-operation in oil pros• The factory is expected to Info Centre pecting. raise its annual production ca• by Li Ming pacity to 1 million of bench The signing ceremony for vices and its annual export the establishment of a Sino- Factory Seeks value to US$10 million in US Trade Information Ser• three years. • vice Centre in Shenyang, Co-operation Liaoning, was held on Novem• ber 27 in Shenyang. Zhan Hongyao, director of New Motorcycles This centre is the first com• the Bench Clamp Factory of Jointly Produced mercial service where both Laizhou County, Shandong China and America pool their Province, recently noted that On November 28, 1990, the commercial information for in order to further expand its Nanfeng Power Machinery mutual exchange. It promotes production capacity and de• Building Co. and the Yamaha economic and trade co• velop more new products, his Co. of Japan began the prod• operation between Shenyang factory encourages overseas uction of Nanya 125 motor• and the United States, and businessmen to work in co• cycles jointly developed by also enables enterprises in operation with it through the them. Shenyang to understand bet" forms of processing imported The power of the motor• ter US economic and trade materials according to sup• cycle engine which uses Ja• laws and regulations, and plied samples or designs and panese patent technology is commercial information. It compensatory trade. 10.44 kw. The figure is 17.3 opens new vistas for trade and

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30. 1990 33 BUSINESS/TRADE investment for both sides. which can process 3 million tons The centre offers complete fa• News in Brief of oil, 300,000 tons of syntheti#i cilities such as TV, video, fax, ammonia and 510,000 tons of • Statistics from the People's urea annually. It is located along copying, etc., necessary for busi• Bank of China indicate that by ness, and has up-to-date materi• the end of last September, the the bank of the Yangtze Riv• als on the Sino-US commercial total volume of China's foreign er and can export its products situation. It has been disclosed exchange reserve had reached throughout the year. It registered that the centre, which will open US$25,869 billion, and gold re• an export volume of more than on December 17, will hold a ser• serves, 12.67 million ounces. Of US$200 million during the eight ies of seminars on Sino-US trade the foreign exchange reserve, years starting from 1983, and the and investment, and hold some the state's bank reserve was variety of its exports increased exhibitions to display Chinese US$11,382 billion, an increase from two to seven. Its products and American products of pract• of 36.85 percent compared with were exported to Japan and Can• ical use to both sides. Besides, US$8,317 billion of last March; ada. interpreters will be provided, re• the balance of foreign exchange • The 1990 Exhibition of High- ceptions and visits arranged for of the Bank of China was Tech and Export Civilian Prod• visiting economic and trade per• US$14,487 billion, an increase ucts by Military Enterprises was sonnel. of 10.02 percent over the held from December 15-20 at the by Li Ming US$13,035 billion of last March. Beijing China International Ex• • The First International Exhi• hibition Centre. About 726 en• bition for Industrial Safety and terprises and institutions from Development Plan Prevention Technology (Safety the Ministry of Machine- and Prevention '91) will be held Building and Electronics Indus• For Waigaoqiao at the Beijing China Internation• try, the Ministry of Aeronautics al Exhibition Centre on Decem• and Astronautics Industry, the The first-phase development ber 5-10, 1991. General Logistics Department of plan for the Waigaoqiao bond• The exhibition is co-sponsored the Chinese People's Liberation ed area of the Shanghai Putong by the Ministry of Labour and Army and the Commission of New Zone was drawn up on De• the China Council for the Prom• Science, Technology and Indus• cember 8, 1990. otion of International Trade try for National Defence, as well The first-phase development, (CCPIT). The CIEC Exhibition as some ship-building enterprises 3.66 square km in area, includes | Co. (HK) Ltd. will help to han• displayed 2,500 items of tech• a bonded warehouse district, a dle overseas businesses. The ex• nology and products involving management centre, a trading hibition will display dozens of machine-building and electron• district and an export processing j items under five categories in• ics, automobile, broadcasting district which cover 2.83 | cluding new safety and protec• equipment, chemical industry, square km. | tion technology for household medical care, light industry and The construction of the wharf, | electrical appliances, new-type machinery in a 10,000-square safety and protection devices, metre exhibition area. About 40 the power and water plants in | safety and sanitation checking percent of the items were patent• the Waigaoqiao Harbour, the wi- | and testing instruments and met• ed at home and abroad or won dened engineering project in \ ers; new technologies and mater• prizes above the ministerial lev• Yanggao Road and the Putong ials for the prevention of harm Canal project are all scheduled caused by fire, explosions and el; and a quarter of them was to begin in 1991. At the dust, and toxic materials in the high technology with good ex• same time, 3,000 programme- industrial production process. port potential. controlled telephones are expect• • The Anqing Petrochemical Over the past ten years, Chi• ed to be completed and put into Plant in Anhui Province, listed na's military enterprises have es• operation as well. among the country's 100 large tablished more than 300 civilian With a designed area of ten enterprises, exported 142,500 commodity production lines and square km, the bonded area, lo• tons of finished oil products and manufactured over 10,000 varie• cated in the northeastern end of 8,100 tons of chemical products ties of products. Its export vol• the Putong New Zone in the in 1990 at a total volume of more ume of machinery and electron• middle part of the trading port of than US$30 million, an increase ics made up 10 percent of the the Yangtze River, has favour- j of 50 percent over that in 1989. country's total. able harbour conditions. I The plant is a large complex by Li Ming

34 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEiMBER 24-30, 1990 TOURISM

A FuU Night Life n. the splendid Palace held an Octoberfest for the Hotel, people were in• first time in its Crystal I toxicated with the Ballroom, providing an or• comedy Table Manners, chestra and siners from written by the well-known Munich to liven up the fes• British dramatist Alan tival. In the spacious ban• Ayckbourn. The play was a quet hall, seated among the Dinner Theatre production rows of long wooden tables of British artists invited to and benches, the audience China by Mr Han CA could listen to German mu• Brouwers, the general di• sic and drink imported rector of the hotel. The ac• German beer. tivity was supported by Bri• In addition to the hotel tish Airways and Air guests, representatives ol China. foreign business offices re• Bringing well-known for• siding in China, members eign art groups and artists of foreign embassies, re• to perform in Beijing is just porters and tourists staying one characteristic of the at other hotels also joined Palace Hotel. in the Octoberfest. Mr. Han C.A. Biouwers clinking glasses with guests; In late October, the hotel by Han Baocheng The music band playing German folk music.

activities with strong local and Sino-foreign luxury one to be national features. During the ex- managed by the China hotel News in Brief I hibition, people will be invited to I| managerial group. i take part in the annual Water- • The first issue of China Tour• • Customs Tourist Sales Exhibi• Sprinkling Festival and inspect ism Pictorial, jointly published tion of China's Southern Nine the folklore of the Dai nationali• by the China Tourism Publish• Provinces '91 will be held from ty. To the east of Xishuangbanna ing House and the Hong Kong- April 12 to 15, 1991 at is a tropical rain forest. based Hing Tat Ming Ltd., came Yunjing-hong, capital of Xish- • Jinjing Tower of Shanghai, a off the press on October 7. It is a uangbanna Autonomous Prefec• Sino-foreign joint venture built Chinese-English quarterly with ture, Yunnan Province. The ex• in accordance with the top in• 16mo, colour pictures and ex• hibition is sponsored by the In• ternational standard, opened for quisite printing. ternational Market Development business on October 8. The pictorial provides overseas Co. under the State Travel Ser• Located in the city's centre, readers with a review of China's vice and the Yunnan Travel Ser• the hotel has a 43-storey main tourist industry, the nation's rich vice, and jointly organized by building, 153.6 metres high, and tourist resources and insights travel services of Guangdong, a 5-storey wing building. With a into the industry's improved ser• Fujian, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, total of 66,000 square metres of vices and facilities. It introduces Sichuan, Guizhou and Hainan. floor space, it has 728 guest China's culture and art, history On the occasion, nine prov• rooms, including two luxury and and scenic spots, local flavours inces in southern China will an• 46 deluxe suites. It has hosted and nationality customs, native nounce a variety of special tours six heads of state from Bur• specialities and famous products, such as a narrow track railway kina Faso, Central Africa, Syr• delicious food and various in• tour in Yunnan, an azalea appre• ia, Bangladesh and other coun• terest tours, thus providing a ciation tour, a tour to the com• tries, and 20 or so groups of window through which readers munity of the Miao people in can have a better understanding Guizhou, a tour of Worshipping important political and interna• Goddess Mazu, a giant panda in• tionally famous personalities. of China. spection tour in Sichuan, a dino• The hotel is the only large by Yao Jianguo saur lantern festival, and other BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 35 CULTURE / SCIENCE Shang Dynasty swallow-tail designs and the other layer was the brown earth tiger-shaped objects. The short bed where a large number of Tomb in Jiangxi sword, axe and plough flint stonewares were found unearthed have not been found which are believed to be from hinese archaeologists have in the Shang Dynasty tombs in the late Pleistocene Epoch. Ar• confirmed that the Shang northern China. With the dis• chaeologists claim that these sto• C Dynasty (17th—11th cen• covery of the bronze plough, the newares belong to what they tury BC) tomb discovered in origin of plough farming can named the Zhangzhou Culture. Xingan County, Jiangxi Prov• now be traced from the West• Altogether 1,457 pieces of sto• ince in southern China last year ern Zhou Dynasty (11th neware scattered in 113 differ• is an important breakthrough in century-770 BC) to the Shang ent sites have been unearthed, the field of archaeology which Dynasty (17th-llth century along with a small number of sheds new light on the history of BC). mammalian fossils and human ancient civilization in southern Bronzeware experts from the bones. The stonewares are divid• China. Chinese Academy of Social ed into three categories, includ• The tomb was discovered on Sciences, Beijing University and ing stone cores, stone artifacts September 20 last year by local Shanghai Museum came to the and stone flakes. The stone• farmers who were building conclusion after carefully study• wares, made mostly of black or an embankment. Archaeologi• ing the relics from the tomb that I grey flint, were generally small, cal teams from Jiangxi Province a highly-advanced bronze cul• delicate and of high quality and the Shanghai Museum have ture existed in the Ganjiang craftsmanship. The stone ar• completed the excavation and River and Boyang Lake areas tifacts can be divided into scra• restoration work on the tomb. 3,000 years ago, and that a slav• pers, carving tools, drills and The tomb housed an inner ery state also existed at the time pestiles. The scrapers, which are coffin and an outer coffin. The of the Shang Dynasty in south• the most complex and account I for the majority of the stone- outer coffin is 8.22 metres long ern China. The person buried in j ware find, can be further divid- and 3.6 metres wide while the the tomb was probably the high• j ed into ten types. coffin is 2.34 metres long and est ruler of this state. Experts 0.85 metres wide. Archaeologists expect that this discovery will Archaeologists identified I failed to find the remains of result in modifications in the these stonewares as being prod- ! the deceased except for some history of ancient Chinese civil• i ucts of a culture of the coastal verdigris-stained teeth. Howev• ization in southern China. • i areas of Fujian Province from er, the burial objects were nu• j the period between the Old merous. Bronze objects num• Stone Age and the New Stone bered by 480 and included ri• Age, about 9,000- 13,000 years tual vessels, weapons and farm- ago. The stone objects reveal i ing tools. Also unearthed from Stone Age Relics clues that the human beings of the tomb were over 300 crock• Found in Fujian that culture lived by hunting eries and more than 100 jade, land and sea animals, I agate and crystal decorative ar- hinese archaeologists re• i The discovery of the "Zhang- I ticks. cently confirmed that the j zhou Culture" has attracted In terms of archaeology, C more than 1,000 stone ob• j much attention from Chinese i southern China has long been jects found in the outskirts of i archaeologists. The discovery considered a barren land of an• Zhangzhou, Fujian Province in gives an insight into prehistoric cient civilization. southern China were valuable culture along China's southeast• However, the discovery of the remains of the Old Stone Age. ern coastal areas and provides Shang Dynasty tomb shattered These are the first set of cultural valuable material for the re• this belief. Although some of relics of the Old Stone Age to be search of the relation between Fujian and Taiwan during pre• the bronze and jade wares bear discovered in the province. historic times. The stoneware obvious traces of the Bronze The stonewares were proves that Fujian Province was I Culture of central China in unearthed from two earth lay• the place of origin of the prehis• I mold and design, quite a num- ers. The first was the red earth toric culture in Taiwan, a belief I ber of the unearthed objects are bed where a small number of held by many Chinese archaeol- [ identical to the local culture in quartz stonewares are unearthed i ogists, and that Zhangzhou was j technology and style which can and believed to have been from i the outlet to Taiwan during the i be seen, for example, in the the mid-Pleistocene Epoch. The

36 BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-.10, 1990 CULTURE / SCIENCE prehistoric period. uay, Chile, Bolivia, Cuba, Mex• It has been 100 years since Not long ago, Fujian Province ico and Venezuela, putting on Peking opera was introduced to had been one of the few Chinese 49 performances for audiences Yantai. From the 1920s to the provinces where no relics of the totalling 50,000. The audiences 1940s, well-known Peking opera Old Stone Age had ever been were able to follow the plot with artists often went to perform in discovered. But since 1987, re• the help of a simple synopsis Yantai. Some of their fans later mains of human beings and oth• and from the performance became Peking opera perform• er mammals have been found themselves, and they applauded ers themselves. throughout the province. Fossils at every climax. Peking opera is still loved by of a mammal of the Pleistocene From July 19 until August 31, people in Yantai. In summer, Epoch and a fossil of a piece of 1990, the troupe visited Spain men and women, old and young, human humerus from the late and Portugal. The cast will nev• can usually be found singing Pleistocene epoch or the early er forget their performance at Peking opera on the streets, in Holocene Epoch were found in the Torre de Belem open-air courtyards and in seaside parks. the sea near Dongshan Coun• theatre in Lisbon. The stage was Many outstanding young and ty. Giant pandas, stegodon ele• assembled in front of a castle middle-aged Peking opera actors phant, Chinese rhinocerose and surrounded by a moat beside the and actresses are from Yantai. giant tapirs fossils were discov• sea. The audience was to watch In recent years, six people of ered in Mingxi County. A fos• the performance on the other the Yantai City Peking Opera sil of a human lower premolar side of the moat, but because the Troupe have won the title of mandible was found in Qingliu bleachers fell short of the de• excellent Peking opera perform• County. mand, two large screens had to er of Shandong Province, and The discovery of the "Zhang- be erected to broadcast the per• two won first prize for the dan zhou Culture" has opened a new formance live for those who (female role) in the National page in Old Stone Age archaeol• couldn't be seated. The audience Youth Peking Opera TV Com• ogy in Fujian. • inside and outside the theatre petition. totalled 25,000, and the sound of Not long ago, Yantai hosted a their applause accompanied by Peking Opera Art Festival. In• the rushing waves of the sea cluding performances not only Yantai People Love made the event even more spec• of well-known Peking opera ar• Peking Opera tacular. tists throughout China, but also "This particular experience of local Peking opera profession• made me realize that real art als and amateurs, it proved to be s she watched Uproar in belongs to the world," said He a grand occasion. Heaven presented by Chi• Guanqi, head of the troupe. A na's Yantai City Peking by Cai Hongwen Opera Troupe in an Indian A Spanish reporter interviewing members of the Yantai City Peking Opera Troupe. theatre in 1983, Indira Gandhi was greatly amused. After the final curtain, the former Indian prime minister said to leaders of the troupe, "I enjoy Peking op• era art. Your performances are excellent." Since 1983, the troupe, nrucl: is from Yantai, a coastal city in Shandong Province, has been to more than ten countries in South Asia, Latin America and Western Europe as a state dele• gation of the arts. Its more than ten repertoires are well received wherever it went. In the autumn of 1989, the troupe went to six Latin Ameri• can countries including Urug•

BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 BOOKS

uced scientists of world level Collected Fine Art Works of China such as Li Siguang, Hua Ru- ogeng and Zhu Kezhen. rrihe most magnificent on the other hand, it further On the whole, the book has I publishing project in the introduced and disseminated given a faithful account of -•- history of Chinese cul• advanced science and culture China's cultural achievements ture, a plan to publish a clas• from the West after the over• gained during this period and sified, 400-volume Collected throw of the corrupt Qing Dy• analyzed the relevant politi• Fine Art Works of China, has nasty in 1911. New cultur• cal, economic and social back• been drawn up. Editing and al institutions mushroomed; grounds. compilation are already under newspapers and magazines way. rolled and came off the press Divided into five parts and with ftill force; newly es• Chinese Kuomintang 19 topics, this voluminous tablished schools of different History Published kinds proUferated throughout work proposes to cover from A History of the Chinese the country. There was the the Paleolithic Period of the Kuomintang (1894-1949), the primitive society to the late New Culture Movement, the first one on the subject in the Qing Dynasty and systemati• National Salvation through mainland, has recently been cally summarize the Chinese Education or Science cam• published by the Jilin Liter• achievements in painting, paign and the Left-Wing ary and Historical Publishing sculpture, arts and crafts, cal• Culture Movement—one fol• ligraphy and architecture. Re• lowed another. Just as the late House and is due to be distri• presentative works from 1911 Chairman Mao pointed out, buted in China and abroad. to 1990 will be included in "Its influence has been so The Kuomintang, a nation• a 40-volume Collected Modern great and its impact so power• alist party, has trekked a zig• Chinese Works of Fine Arts. ful that it is invincible wher• zag path over the past 90 years. At one time, it was Twenty-six Chinese publish• ever it goes. The numbers it revolutionary following the ing houses will participate in has rallied behind it have no trend of the times, and at an• this key cultural undertaking parallel in Chinese history." of New China. It is expected At that time, both natural other, it went against the cur• to be completed in ten years sciences and social sciences in• rent. Although it had suffered with an expenditure of nearly cluding the humanities flour• frustrations and failures, it 100 million yuan. ished. The Chinese Science had periods of development Society, China's first national and progress. No matter how we evaluate, beyond a doubt Cultural Development natural science association, During 1911-49 was founded in 1915. The In• it played a significant role in stitute of Geological Survey, modern China. Therefore, as A Cultural History of the the first natural science re• Mr Qu Wu, honorary chair• Republic of China, a new search institution in China, man of the Central Commit• three-volume publication put proclaimed its birth in the fol• tee of the Revolutionary Com• out by the Jilin (a northeast• lowing year. From then on, mittee of the Chinese Kuom• ern province in China) Liter• China's educational and re• intang, has said: "It is quite ary and Historical Publishing search significant to seriously study House and the first book on systems of natural science the past and present of the the subject published in Chi• were gradually established Kuomintang and objectively na's mainland since 1949, ob• and Chinese scientists began and justly evaluate its merits jectively described the to produce success stories: and demerits." Chinese cultural develop• Pei Wenzhong discovered the The book, edited by Song ments and summarized its skull fossil of "Peking Man" Chun, professor of the Nor• achievements over this period. in 1929; Hou Debang invent• theast Teachers' University, is In the period of the republ• ed a new method for soda- an important achievement of ic (specifically from 1911 to making in 1939; Huang Jiqing historians in China's main• 1949), China, on one hand, published his Fundamental land. witnessed melee among war• Geological Structure Units of by Shi Quansheng and Lou lords and frequent civil wars; China in 1945.... China prod• Xinyue

3S BEIJING REVIEW, DECEMBER 24-30, 1990 Landscape Paintings by Duan Zhenzhong

Duan Zhenzhong, born in Anhui Province in 194A, is now an art designer with the Beijing Film Studio. Skilled in oil, ink and wash landscape painting, he likes to feature the "water villages" of south China and the mountain city of Sichuan Province. In some of his new creations he combines Chinese and Western styles.

Fishermen's Homes.

ART PAQE Scene In a "Water Village." Taiwan Hotel

The Taiwan Hotel, an exclusive and spectacular hotel in Wangfujing, Beijing's bustling downtown. The hotel has 310 rooms equipF>ed with IDD telephones and closed-circuit video. Satellite dishes allow direct reception of American TV programmes. The hotel has Chinese and Western restaurants for its Chinese and foreign guests. Cantonese and Taiwanese cuisine are prepared by famed Taiwan and Hong Kong chefs. Round-the-clock room meal service is available. The hotel takes great pride in providing guests with warm and efficient services.

Address: 5 Jinyu Hutong, Wangfujing Street, Beijing Tel: 5136688 Fax: 5136896