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Appendix VIII City of Los Angeles's Suggestion for the Shanghai Municipal Abattoir POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Towards the Methodology for the Reuse of Industrial Heritage in China Original Towards the Methodology for the Reuse of Industrial Heritage in China / Yao, Yanbin. - (2014). Availability: This version is available at: 11583/2538091 since: Publisher: Politecnico di Torino Published DOI:10.6092/polito/porto/2538091 Terms of use: Altro tipo di accesso This article is made available under terms and conditions as specified in the corresponding bibliographic description in the repository Publisher copyright (Article begins on next page) 10 October 2021 POLITECNICO DI TORINO DOTTORATO DI RICERCA DI ARCHITETTURA E DESIGN XXV CICLO YANBIN YAO Towards the Methodology for the Reuse of Industrial Heritage in China TUTOR: PROF. MARCO TRISCIUOGLIO Torino, Marzo 2014 Introduction Introduction In China, industrial heritage has recently emerged as a new subject into public’s view. During the process of speedy urbanization and the deindustrialization that has interested the country in the past two decades, the term “industrial heritage” has become more and more quoted in media and public discourse, although this concept itself is still ambiguous. The abandoned industrial relics are often regarded as a sign of recession, so they become objects that are firstly considered to be eliminated in urban renewal and reconstruction. Otherwise, facing the growing demand of (not high cost) urban space, the idle industrial building and sites located in inner city are seen as resources able to be reused. As a consequence, the protection of industrial heritage is in discussion. In China, the regulations for the industrial heritage is still at the beginning. More specifically, it is ruled under the cultural heritage protection system, with regard to the classification, the protection principles and the legal obligation. However, it is not surprising that such a system cannot be fully applied to the industrial heritage. Once industrial urban areas and buildings are identified as protected cultural relics, according to the law, the ownership interest (use, management and profit) should be in charge of administrative departments of cultural heritage. Thus, in many cases, the regulation related to the heritage system becomes a significant burden for the urban development. Encouraged by the government, many cities are exploring their ways to deal with the industrial building and sites. Among them, Shanghai and Beijing are in the leading position. Their reuse solutions have become a paragon that the other Chinese cities want to follow and imitate. However, the unbridled methods adopted raise not small dilemmas. According to some critics - for instance - a selective history (reflecting the urban nostalgia of the past rather than the authentic history) is represented and promoted when these industrial buildings are renovated into new art studios, offices or cultural uses. One of the striking outcomes of a protection system should be to find the right balance between preservation and change. This is true for the industrial heritage too, which needs its own laws and regulations. Moreover, besides the industrial heritage with high heritage values, there are also other industrial heritage that cannot be listed in the protection system, but they need to be managed. In this sense, the industrial heritage itself needs to be divided into different categories in the aim of using differentiated methodologies for the protection and reuse. In particular in China, due to the large quantity of “ordinary” industrial buildings and sites in the inner city, which become obstacles for the rapid urban development, a reuse methodology with various approaches deserves a deeper study. But though China is the main area of interest of this study, a closer examination of the European literature can help us draw contrast and parallel on the topic “industrial heritage”. By reading of industrial heritage’s conceptual and methodology dimensions in the European context, it can be seen that there is an evolutional process from the industrial archaeology to the industrial heritage and now to the industrial landscape. Generally speaking, the industrial heritage has gone from a specific interest in the monument (the individual building or a single machine) to the industrial sites (including the machines, buildings and its infrastructure), then to the whole industrial ii Introduction area and industrial landscape. By contrast, in China, the emerging reuse of industrial building and sites, strictly related to the goals of economic development in urban regeneration, became suddenly an opportunity for the conservation and a pressure for the development of industrial archaeology/heritage. But there is a divorce between the flourishing reuse practices and the immature management system. The theme of this dissertation is to reflect on the reuse methodology for the industrial heritage, through the analysis of different reuse ways used in the Chinese cities. A comparative perspective with typical methodologies and strategies used in Europe is barely sketched in order to illuminate the specificities of the Chinese situation. The discussion on the industrial heritage mainly focuses on the immovable tangible industrial heritage in modern and contemporary time (after 1860), including the industrial buildings and industrial sites. They are called Industrial Architecture Heritage, according to definition provided by the Architectural Society of China established in the Industrial Architecture Heritage Academic Committee (IAHAC), which is the first academic organization for industrial heritage preservation in China. The other types of industrial heritage, such as the industrial equipment, production technology and enterprise culture, are also significant and should not be ignored in the reuse. Based on the main question--what is the methodology for the reuse of industrial heritage in China--there are some sub-questions: What are the main characteristics of the industrial heritage in China? How can the industrial heritage be recognized and protected in China? What is the regulation for the industrial heritage in China? What are the operation mechanisms of current reuse approaches for the industrial heritage in China? What are the problems of the conventional reuse methodology in China? What can we learn from the management and reuse methodology in Europe? Where is the balance between preservation and transformation of industrial heritage in China? How is it possible to deal with the conflict between economic goals and the value enhancement of industrial heritage? The whole dissertation is divided into six chapters: (1) Identifying the Industrial Heritage in China: Dilemma and Opportunities; (2) Exploring the Reuse Ways of Industrial Heritage in China; (3) Industrial Heritage in the Context of Europe: Conceptual and Methodological Issues; (4) Methodology for the Reuse of Industrial Building --Case Study: 1933 Old Millfun, Shanghai; (5) Methodology for the Regeneration of Historic Area with Industrial Heritage--Case study: Tianzifang , Shanghai; (6) Distinguishing the Methodology for the Reuse of Industrial Heritage in China. Their first part has a brief review of the question of industrial heritage between demolition, protection and reuse under the background of distinctive situation in China. The Chinese definition of industrial heritage is discussed with the industrialization process and its particularity different from the western counterpart. Since the management and regulations of industrial heritage are under the cultural heritage protection system, therefore, it is inevitable to have a discuss on the cultural heritage in terms of conceptual dimension and the legal management system in order to explain the difficulty in the protection of industrial heritage. The second chapter focuses on the different reuse ways of industrial heritage in several Chinese cities. The main reason for such a regional perspective is that the practice of iii Introduction industrial heritage reuse has been largely a result of their unique industry development history accompanied by the uneven policies in protection and reuse. As a result, a total of five cities are selected in this part: two municipalities directly under the Central Government—Beijing and Shanghai, which are the biggest metropolis in China; another two cities in the eastern coastal region—Tianjin and Nanjing; and one city in the north-east region—Harbin, a typical city in China’s traditional industrial base. They all industrial cities and facing the problem of abandoned industrial buildings and facilities after the de-industrialization. By reading the different reuse ways and protection policies and implementation in these cities located in different regions, the big picture of industrial heritage reuse in China would be showed together. The main aim of the third chapter is to read the evolution of industrial heritage’s conceptual and methodology dimensions in the Europe context. The concepts of “industrial archeology”, “industrial heritage” and “industrial landscape” are discussed respectively. It could say that industrial heritage always plays a central role when the European countries are dealing with these industrial remains throughout the social and economic programs. Therefore, the innovation of methodologies and the diversification of strategies, including the “patrimonialization”, industrial heritage tourism, Ecomuseum and trans-border collaboration, are studied in order to give some useful experience for the
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