Vayeishev 5758 Volume V Number 12
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Vayeitzei 5781 Volume XXVIII Number 11 Toras Aish Thoughts From Across the Torah Spectrum this one tiny people survived tragedies that would have RABBI LORD JONATHAN SACKS Z"L spelled the end of any other people: the destruction of Covenant & Conversation two Temples; the Babylonian and Roman conquests; hat is it that made Jacob -- not Abraham or the expulsions, persecutions, and pogroms of the Isaac or Moses -- the true father of the Jewish Middle Ages; the rise of antisemitism in nineteenth- Wpeople? We are called the "congregation of century Europe; and the Holocaust. It is truly Jacob," "the Children of Israel." Jacob/Israel is the man astonishing that after each cataclysm, Judaism whose name we bear. Yet Jacob did not begin the renewed itself, scaling new heights of achievement. Jewish journey; Abraham did. Jacob faced no trial like During the Babylonian exile, Judaism that of Isaac at the Binding. He did not lead the people deepened its engagement with the Torah. After the out of Egypt or bring them the Torah. To be sure, all his Roman destruction of Jerusalem it produced the great children stayed within the faith, unlike Abraham or literary monuments of the Oral Torah: Midrash, Isaac. But that simply pushes the question back one Mishnah, and Gemara. During the Middle Ages, it level. Why did he succeed where Abraham and Isaac produced masterpieces of law and Torah commentary, failed? poetry, and philosophy. A mere three years after the It seems that the answer lies in parshat Holocaust it proclaimed the State of Israel, the Jewish Vayetse and parshat Vayishlach. Jacob was the man return to history after the darkest night of exile. whose greatest visions came to him when he was alone When I first became Chief Rabbi I had to at night, far from home, fleeing from one danger to the undergo a medical examination. The doctor had me next. In parshat Vayetse, escaping from Esau, he stops walking at a very brisk pace on a treadmill. "What are and rests for the night with only stones to lie on, and he you testing?" I asked him. "How fast I can go, or how has an epiphany: "He had a dream in which he saw a long?" "Neither," he replied. "I will be observing how stairway resting on the earth, with its top reaching to long it takes for your pulse to return to normal, after you heaven, and the angels of God were ascending and come off the treadmill." That is when I discovered that descending on it.... When Jacob awoke from his sleep, health is measured by the power of recovery. That is he thought, 'Surely the Lord is in this place, and I was true for everyone, but doubly so for leaders and for the not aware of it.' He was afraid and said, 'How awesome Jewish people, a nation of leaders. (This, I believe, is is this place! This is none other than the house of God; what the phrase "a kingdom of Priests" [Ex. 19:6] this is the gate of heaven.'" (Gen. 28:12-17) means). In parshat Vayishlach, fleeing from Laban and Leaders suffer crises. That is a given of terrified at the prospect of meeting Esau again, he leadership. When Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of wrestles alone at night with an unnamed stranger: Britain between 1957 and 1963, was asked what the "Then the man said, 'Your name will no longer be most difficult aspect of his time in office was, he Jacob, but Israel, because you have struggled with God famously replied, "Events, dear boy, events." Bad and with humans and have overcome.'...So Jacob things happen, and when they do, the leader must take called the place Peniel, saying, 'It is because I saw God the strain so that others can sleep easily in their beds. face to face, and yet my life was spared.'" (Gen. 32:29- Leadership, 31) especially in matters of These are the decisive spiritual encounters of the spirit, is deeply Jacob's life, yet they happen in liminal space (the space stressful. Four figures between, neither a starting point nor a destination), at a in Tanach -- Moses, time when Jacob is at risk in both directions -- where he Elijah, Jeremiah, and comes from and where he is going to. Yet it is at these Jonah -- actually points of maximal vulnerability that he encounters God prayed to die rather and finds the courage to continue despite all the than continue. This hazards of the journey. was not only true in That is the strength Jacob bequeathed to the the distant past. Jewish people. What is remarkable is not merely that Abraham Lincoln 2 To sponsor Toras Aish please email [email protected] Toras Aish suffered deep bouts of depression. So did Winston RABBI SHLOMO RISKIN Churchill, who called it his "black dog." Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. both attempted Shabbat Shalom suicide in adolescence and experienced depressive nd Jacob rose up early in the morning, and illness in adult life. The same was true of many great took the stone that he had placed under his creative artists, among them Michelangelo, Beethoven, "Ahead, and set it up as a monument, and and Van Gogh. poured oil on the top of it.” [Gen. 28:18] Our Biblical Is it greatness that leads to moments of portion, Vayetze, tells of Jacob’s journey into exile and, despair, or moments of despair that lead to greatness? not coincidentally, the first instance of a monument Do those who lead internalise the stresses and (matzeva) to God in Jewish history. Until this point, the tensions of their time? Or is it that those who are used great Biblical personalities have erected altars to stress in their emotional lives find release in leading (mizbahot, singular, mizbeah), to God: Noah when he exceptional lives? There is no convincing answer to this exited from the ark, Abraham when he first came to in the literature thus far. But Jacob was a more Israel, Isaac when he dedicated the city of Be’er Sheva, emotionally volatile individual than either Abraham, who and Jacob on two significant occasions. An altar is was often serene even in the face of great trials, or clearly a sacred place dedicated for ritual sacrifice. But Isaac, who was particularly withdrawn. Jacob feared; what is a monument? An understanding of this first Jacob loved; Jacob spent more of his time in exile than monument in Jewish history will help us understand the the other patriarchs. But Jacob endured and persisted. true significance of the Land of Israel to the Jewish Of all the figures in Genesis, he was the great survivor. People. The ability to survive and to recover is part of Fleeing the wrath of his brother, Esau, Jacob what it takes to be a leader. It is the willingness to live a leaves his Israeli parental home and sets out for his life of risks that makes such individuals different from mother’s familial home in Haran. His first stop, as the others. So said Theodore Roosevelt in one of the sun is setting, is in the fields outside Luz (Beit El) – the greatest speeches ever made on the subject: "It is not last site in Israel he will spend the night before he the critic who counts; not the man who points out how begins his exile. He dreams of a ladder standing the strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds (mutzav) on land with its top reaching heavenwards, could have done them better. The credit belongs to the “and behold, angels of God are ascending and man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred descending on it” [ibid. v. 12]. God is standing (nitzav) by dust and sweat and blood; who strives valiantly; who above the ladder, and promises Jacob that he will errs, who comes short again and again, because there return to Israel and that this land will belong to him and is no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does his descendants eternally. Upon awakening, the actually strive to do the deeds; who knows great patriarch declares the place to be “the House of God enthusiasms, great devotions; who spends himself in a and the Gate of Heaven” [ibid. v. 17]. He tneh builds a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the end the monument (matzeva) from the stones he has used as a triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if pillow and pours oil over it. he fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his Jacob’s experience leaves us in no doubt: a place shall never be with those cold and timid souls monument is a symbol of an eternal relationship. It is who neither know victory nor defeat." ("Citizenship in a the physical expression of a ladder linking Heaven and Republic", speech given at the Sorbonne, Paris, 23 earth, the Land of Israel and the Holy Temple of April 1910.) Jerusalem (House of God), which connects the Jacob endured the rivalry of Esau, the descendants of Jacob to the Divine forever. A resentment of Laban, the tension between his wives monument is a gateway to Heaven, a House of God on and children, the early death of his beloved Rachel, and earth. The Land of Israel, with its laws of tithes, the loss -- for twenty-two years -- of his favourite son, Sabbatical years and Jubilee, magnificently expresses Joseph. He said to Pharaoh, "Few and evil have been the link between humanity and the Almighty, and the the days of my life" (Gen.