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Shades of Green: a Comparative Analysis of U.S

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Shades of Green: a Comparative Analysis of U.S University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2016 Shades of Green: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. Green Economies Jenna Ann Lamphere University of Tennessee, Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Other Sociology Commons Recommended Citation Lamphere, Jenna Ann, "Shades of Green: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. Green Economies. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2016. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/4144 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Jenna Ann Lamphere entitled "Shades of Green: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. Green Economies." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Sociology. Jon Shefner, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Robert Emmet Jones, Sherry Cable, Alex Miller Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Shades of Green: A Comparative Analysis of U.S. Green Economies A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee Jenna Ann Lamphere December 2016 Copyright © 2016 by Jenna A. Lamphere All rights reserved. ii Acknowledgements I would like to give a special thanks to my dissertation chair and committee for their support throughout this project. They have spent many hours reading and commenting on various iterations, and without their contributions, this work would not be possible. While I especially want to thank Jon Shefner, who has been an unparalleled influence, Robert Emmet Jones, Sherry Cable, and Alex Miller also gave significant time and guidance. I am grateful for their counsel. I am also grateful for my parents, Judene and Gerald Lamphere, and their much and varied support over my several years of schooling. Without their ongoing encouragement and care, I am not sure I would have made it through the trials and tribulations of graduate school. Lastly, I would like to thank my grandmother, Lucille Lamphere, who was also a consistent and unforgettable source of support. iii Abstract Recent attention from scholars, policymakers, and practitioners has focused on the importance of green economy development in achieving sustainability. Efforts, however, have been complicated by the lack of agreement on what a green economy is or how to transition to one. Drawing insights from environmental sociology, new state theory, and science and technology studies, I conduct a comparative analysis of select U.S. cities with recognized green economies. Findings indicate that in each economy, the strength and role of institutions and actors is unique, forming distinct networks that vary in their pursuit of socio-environmental goals. iv Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ..........................................................................................................1 Background ................................................................................................................2 Research Problem ......................................................................................................7 Description of Study ..................................................................................................8 Chapter 2: Literature Review and Conceptual Framework ...................................................12 Shades of Green: Green Economy Literature and Public Discourse .........................13 Light Green Economies .................................................................................14 Moderate Green Economies ...........................................................................16 Deep Green Economies..................................................................................19 Shades Aside ..................................................................................................23 Conceptual Framework for “Green Economy”..........................................................25 The Multi-Level Perspective..........................................................................26 Embedded Stakeholder Groups ......................................................................29 Conclusion: Conceptual Limitations..........................................................................39 Chapter 3: Methodology ........................................................................................................43 Case Selection ............................................................................................................43 Research Questions and Propositions ........................................................................44 Research Methods ......................................................................................................44 Archival Research ..........................................................................................44 Interviews .......................................................................................................45 Fieldwork .......................................................................................................47 Focus Groups .................................................................................................48 Survey Research.............................................................................................50 Data Analysis .............................................................................................................51 Chapter 4: Knoxville, TN ...................................................................................................53 Knoxville’s Landscape...............................................................................................53 Starting the Green Wave: 2007-08 ............................................................................58 Funding the Green Wave 2009-11 .............................................................................62 Keeping the Momentum: 2012-14 .............................................................................69 Riding the Wave: 2014 ..............................................................................................77 Conclusion: “Successful” Green Growth ...................................................................82 Chapter 5: Comparative Analysis of Successful U.S. Green Economies ..............................89 Comparing Landscapes ..............................................................................................90 Case 1: Knoxville, TN ...............................................................................................92 Case 2: Austin, TX .....................................................................................................100 Case 3: Chicago, IL....................................................................................................115 Case 4: Little Rock, AR .............................................................................................138 Conclusion: Growth Configurations and Shades of Success .....................................151 Chapter 6: Conclusion............................................................................................................163 Limitations .................................................................................................................164 Contributions to Scholarly Literatures .......................................................................165 Implications for Praxis and Policy .............................................................................169 Conclusion: Future Work ...........................................................................................172 v List of References ..................................................................................................................175 Appendices .............................................................................................................................239 A. Institutional Review Board Approval Letter........................................................251 B. Keyword Searches ...............................................................................................252 C. Interview Protocol ................................................................................................253 D. Focus Group Protocol for 2013 Forum ................................................................255 E. Focus Group Protocol for Smarter Cities Program ..............................................256 F. Questionnaire for Smarter Cities Focus Group Participants ................................257 G. Questionnaire for Knoxville Green Economy Leaders ........................................259 H. Survey Results .....................................................................................................265 I. First Email to Participate in Questionnaire ..........................................................274
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