Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2013) 37: 1018-1037 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1302-41

The revision of (Umbelliferae) in

1, 2 Ebru DOĞAN GÜNER *, Hayri DUMAN 1 Vocational School of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey

Received: 20.02.2013 Accepted: 21.07.2013 Published Online: 30.10.2013 Printed: 25.11.2013

Abstract: Seseli L. is represented by 12 taxa (species and subspecies) in the Flora of Turkey. On the basis of morphological examination and field investigation, we have revised the genus Seseli in Turkey. The following are provided for each taxon: a description, along with the complete synonymy and notes on nomenclature, geographical distribution, habitat, IUCN conservation status assessment, and selected materials examined. Two new species from Turkey, Seseli marashica E.Doğan & H.Duman and S. serpentina B.L.Burtt ex H.Duman & E.Doğan, are also described. One taxon is reduced to synonymy: S. paphlagonicum Pimenov & Kljuykov is a synonym of S. gummiferum Pallas ex Smith. Moreover, one species is reduced to the rank of subspecies: S. corymbosum Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss. subsp. phrygium (Pimenov & Kljuykov) E.Doğan & H.Duman. According to the present revision, the genus contains 13 taxa (species and subspecies).

Key words: Turkey, revision, Seseli,

1. Introduction S. corymbosum Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss. Pimenov and Seseli L., with about 135 species, 80 of which are distributed Kljuykov also described 2 new species of Seseli in that within Asia, is placed at number 6 regarding the number manuscript (Pimenov and Kljuykov, 2010). of species in Umbelliferae (Pimenov and Leonov, 2004; Akalın Uruşak and Kızılaslan, 2013; Aytaç and Duman, 2. Materials and methods 2013). According to the Flora of Turkey, this genus is Research specimens (in both the flowering and fruiting represented by 11 species and 1 subspecies, 4 of which are periods) were collected from different parts of Turkey endemic (Hedge and Lamond, 1972; Davis et al., 1988; from July to December between the years 2000 and 2005. Duman, 2000). The specimens were collected from more than one locality Seseli is represented by 9 species (Seseli pimpinelloides L., to determine the extent of morphological variations. S. montanum L., S. glaucum L., S. annuum L., S. ammoides The collected specimens and specimens in local and international herbaria collections (AEF, ANK, GAZI, L., S. tortuosum L., S. carviflora L., S. pyreneacum L., and HUB, ISTO, E, BM, NY, and Hb. Linn.) were examined and S. laxifragum L.) in Species Plantarum, published in 1753 are presented under the heading “specimens examined”. (Linnaeus, 1753). Seseli tortuosum was introduced as the The author’s name of each species was written according lectotype of Seseli (Linnaeus, 1754). to Authors of Names (Brummitt and Powell, 2001). Several studies have been conducted on Turkish Seseli The following characters, which are taxonomically after the publication of the 11th volume of the Flora of important in the genus, were investigated: the structure Turkey. Pimenov and Leonov reported the total number of the basal leaves; indumentum types on the stem and of taxa attributed to Seseli (Pimenov and Leonov, 2004). the leaves; the bracts; the characters of (rays, In another study, Pimenov and Kljuykov transferred bracteoles, umbellules); and the features of flowers and S. peucedanoides (M.Bieb.) Koso-Pol. and S. foliosum fruits. The measurements of at least 20 replicates belonging (Sommier & Levier) Manden to the genus Gasparrinia to each 1 of these 10 specimens and the average value of Bertol. Moreover, they placed S. campestre Besser in the each characteristic feature were evaluated (Uzunhisarcıklı synonymy of S. tortuosum. Pimenov and Kljuykov also and Vural, 2012). The maximum and minimum values of discussed the complexity of S. gummiferum Pallas ex Smith these measurements are given in the descriptions of the in their paper. They classified Turkish S. gummiferum as taxa. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1018 DOĞAN GÜNER and DUMAN / Turk J Bot

The threat categories of Seseli species were revised Key to the Turkish species of the genus Seseli according to the IUCN’s Red List Categories (IUCN, 1- Inflorescence consisting of main and lateral 2010). Abbreviations used in the text are: CR, Critically umbels Endangered; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable; LC, Least 2- Main umbel shorter than lateral umbels; bracteoles Concern; NT, Near Threatened; and Fl, flowering period. free from base...... 3. S. petraeum 3. Results 2- Main umbel taller than lateral umbels; bracteoles connate at base 3.1. 3- Stem branched at base; terminal leaf segments c. Seseli L., Sp. Pl. 1: 259 (1753). 1.5 mm wide; fruits at least 2 mm wide...... Lectotype: Seseli tortuosum L...... 4. S. gummiferum = Athamantha L., Sp. Pl. 1: 244 (1753); = Bubon Linnaeus, 3- Stem branched at upwards; terminal leaf segment Sp. Pl. 253 (1753); = Libanotis Haller ex Zinn, Cat. Pl. at least 1.5–3 mm wide; fruits c. 1.5 mm wide...... Hort. Gott. 226 (1757); = Hippomarathrum P.G. Gaertner, ...... 5. S. corymbosum B.Meyer et J.Scherbius, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Wetterau 1: 249, 1- Inflorescence consisting of the same type umbels 413 (1799); = Hippaton Rafinesque, Good Book 51 (1840). 4- Stems completely or partly pubescent See Figure 1. Biennials or perennials. Petiolar remains 5- Stems completely pubescent of dead leaf persistent at base of stem or sometimes absent. 6-Terminal leaf segments 15–26 mm; umbels up Stems single or many, branching at base or at half of the to 14 cm in diam.; bracts 8–19mm...... stem, 5–300 cm tall, ridged or rarely smooth, generally ...... 1. S. libanotis green, rarely reddish-purple, pubescent or glabrous. 6- Terminal leaf segments 1–6 mm; umbels at Leaves 1–4 pinnate, pubescent or glabrous, basal leaves most 3–3.5 cm in diam.; bracts 4–7 mm...... 2. S. transcaucasicum better developed than cauline leaves, cauline leaves 5- Stems pubescent only at upper half or nodes reduces to upwards, sheaths not distinct. Inflorescences 7- Leaves glabrous; umbellules are compound umbel; main umbel developed in some 25–35-flowered...... 6.S. resinosum species; rays scabrid or rarely glabrous; umbels bracteate 7- Leaves pubescent; umbellules or ebracteate; bracteoles free or connate at base, densely 10–20-flowered...... 9. S. marashica pubescent. Sepals minute, persistent in fruit. Petals white, 4- Stems completely glabrous pale or dark violet in bud, midvein white or pale yellow; 8- Petals glabrous; fruits sparsely glabrous or scabrid at dorsal surface. Filaments white or scabrid...... 10. S. serpentina violet, anthers yellow or violet, versatile. Fruits oblong, 8- Petals scabridulous at dorsal surface; fruits oblong-ovoid, ovoid, linear-oblong, oblong-elliptic, densely scabrid elliptic-ovate; 2–6.5 × 1–3 mm; pubescent or scabrid, 9-Umbellules at least 20–25-flowered; rays distinctly 5 ridges. Anatomical structure of mericarps in up to 7 cm; bracteoles c. 1.5..12. S. hartvigii all species of Seseli is typical for the members of family 9-Umbellules 10–31-flowered; rays up to Apiaceae. 4.5 cm; bracteoles 2–15 mm 10-Basal leaves c. 20 cm; bracteoles free; Vb pedicels 2–5 mm...... 8. S. campestre Me 10-Basal leaves up to 40 cm; bracteoles connate at base; pedicels c. 1–2 mm 11- Leaves glabrous; bracts 2.5 × 1.5 mm H ...... 11. S. andronakii 11- Leaves scabrid; bracts 4–5 × 2–3 mm V ...... 7. S. tortuosum Es 3.1.1. W.D.J.Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.- T En Carol., 12(1): 111 (1824) (Figures 2–4) Type: In Sueciae, Germaniae pratis siccis apricis, 345/1 Ep (Lectotype: LINN-photo!). ≡ Athamantha libanotis L., Sp. Plant. Ed. 1: 244 (1753); ≡ Libanotis montana Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. ed. 1, 3: 117 Figure 1. General transversal section shape of Seseli mericarp. (1767); ≡ Libanotis vulgaris DC., Prodr. 4: 150 (1830). En: endodermis, Ep: epidermis, Es: endosperm, H: hair, Me: Biennial or perennial, with fibrous petiolar remains mesocarp, T: testa, V: vittae, Vb: vascular bundle. present at base. Stems single, 50–150 cm tall, 6–10 mm

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Figure 3. Basal part of Seseli libanotis. B A Figure 2. Seseli libanotis. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal Artvin: Borcka, Kilaskur, Atanoglu Mah., 980 m, road view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp. side, steep slope, 41°24′N, 41°47′E, 17.08.2002, A.Güner 13341 (GAZI); Borcka, Macahel, Kayalar, 615 m, cracked diam., prominently ridged, ridge c. 2 mm, pubescent. rocks, 20.08.2002, A.Güner 13342 (GAZI); Yalnızçam Basal leaves lanceolate-oblong in outline, 2-pinnate, 12– Mountains, below Kütül, 1800 m, 18.08.1957, Davis 32466 42 × 8.5–15 cm, leaf segments ovate, 1.5–2.6 × 1–1.8 cm, & Hedge (ANK, BM); Rize: Çamlıhemşin, Çat köyü- acute. Upper cauline leaves reduced to upwards, 4.5–15 × Vanski plateau, 10.08.2001, 1600 m, meadows, E.Doğan 3–7 cm. Main umbel similar to lateral umbels, 3–14 cm 1630 (GAZI); Pazar, Pazar-Çayeli, c. 10 m, road side, rocks, diam.; rays 21–59, ±equal, 2–6.5 cm, scabrid. Bracts 9–17, 09.08.1985, A.Güner 6844 (GAZI, HUB); Çamlıhemşin, linear, 8–19 × 1–3 mm, acute, with white membranous Çat Köyü-Vanksi plateau, Picea orientalis forest, 1400– margin. Umbellules 13–15 mm diam.; 38–43-flowered. 2100 m, 22.08.1981, A.Güner 4280 (HUB); Çamlıhemşin, Bracteoles free, 8–15, linear, 6–10 × 0.2–1.5 mm, acute, Hisarcık village-Sıraköy, alpine steppe, granite land, scabrid, margin white and membranous. Pedicels 2–11 1500–1800 m, 30.07.1980, A.Güner 2800 (HUB-ANK); mm, scabrid. Sepals triangular, 1 mm. Petals white, c. Erzurum: Şenkaya-Atyolu (Çaksar) village, 2000 m, alpine 1 mm, dorsally scabrid. Filaments and anthers yellow. meadow, 12.09.1993, Y.Altan 5730 (GAZI). A9 Ardahan: Stylopodium conical. Ovary densely pubescent. Fruits Posof, Kodıyan Hill, 07.08.2001, 1900 m, clearing in ovoid, 2.5–3 × 1.5 mm, slightly ridged, pubescent. Fl: 6–8. Picea orientalis and Pinus sylvestris forest, E.Doğan 1622 Habitat: Picea orientalis and Pinus sylvestris forest, (GAZI); Kars: Arpaçay, Kısır Dağı, Gülyüzü-Zinzal, 1980 alpine meadows, rocky slopes, c. 10–3000 m. m, 21.07.2000, mountain meadows, M.Vural 8283 (GAZI); Specimens examined: A7 Trabzon: Çaykara, Selim, Sarıgün köyü, 09.07.2003, 1995–2000 m, alpine Uzungöl, 11.08.2001, 1100 m, Picea orientalis forest, meadows, H.Duman 8989 (GAZI); Kars: Kısır Dağı, valley E.Doğan 1635 (GAZI); Hamsiköy-Zigana, road sides, of the Gülyüzü village, 2100 m, Scabiosa caucasica steppe, 12.08.2001, 1100 m, E.Doğan 1640 (GAZI); Çaykara, N 30.07.2002, N.Adıgüzel 4427, M.Ocakverdi & M.Pınar slope of Soğanlı mountain above Çaykara, 1300 m, steppe (GAZI); Posof, Asmakonak village to Posof, 1700–2000 m, banks, flowers white, 05.08.1957, Davis 32079 (BM). A8 25.07.1985, N.Demirkuş 2938 (HUB); 35–40 km to Kars,

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Figure 4. Distribution of Seseli libanotis (●) and S. transcaucasicum (□) in Turkey.

Balçeşme meadows, 15.08.1981, N.Demirkuş 1310 (HUB); 4–5 mm. Sepals c. 1 mm, white, pubescent. Petals white, Yalnızçam Mt. 2100–2300 m, 19.08.1957, Davis 32504 & dorsally scabrid. Filaments white; anthers yellow, versatile. Hedge (ANK, BM); West foot of Kisir Dağ, 2100 m, stony Stylopodium conical. Ovary densely pubescent. Fruits pasture, 20.8.1957 (BM); Erzurum: Erzurum-Ispir, NW of ovoid, 3 × 1.5 mm, green. Fl: 7–9. Çamlıca village, Kurtdeliktaşı hill, Populus forest, 2200 m, Habitat: Stones, rocky places, and mixed forest, 1900– 15.08.1976, A.Tatlı 5365 (HUB). 3000 m. Conservation status: Least Concern (LC). Specimens examined: B9 Bitlis: Tatvan, Kirkor Mt., Distribution: Turkey, Europe, Siberia, Caucasia, N-NW volcanic east side, mixed forest, 1900–2700 m, 18.07.1972, Iran. Euro-Siberian element. H.Peşmen 3080 (HUB); Süphan Mt., NE side, 3000 m, Some localities (Bitlis, Van, and Hakkari) of Seseli 28.08.1954, stony slopes, Davis 24737 & Polunin (ANK, libanotis indicated in fourth volume of Flora of Turkey and BM); Bitlis-Van: 10 km SE Pelli, 08.07.1954, Davis the East Aegean Islands (Hedge and Lamond, 1972) belong 22577 & Polunin (ANK); Van: Gürpınar, Sarıyaprak to to S. transcaucasicum, not S. libanotis. Güleçler village, 2300 m, steppe, 18.07.2001, M.Ünal 3.1.2. Seseli transcaucasicum (Schischk.) Pimenov & 5740 (VANF); Van: Güzeldere Pass., 2750 m, steppe, Sdobnina, Bot. Zhurn. 60(8): 1119 (1975) (Figures 4 and 5). 05.08.2001, M.Armağan 1867 (VANF); ibid., 2600 m, Type: Armenia, Daralaghez, in monte Teke-Donduran, 02.09.2001, M.Armağan 2039 (VANF); Van: Güzelsu- 30.08.1931, I.I.Karjagin, B.Safiev s.n. (Holotype: LE). Başkale, Güzeldere Pass., around Kızıltaş, 2600 m, ≡ Libanotis transcaucasica Schischk., Bot. Mater. Gerb. wetland, 02.09.2005, M.Armağan 3244 & M.Ünal (GAZI). Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., 13: 161 (1950); C9 Hakkari: 50 km S of Başkale, Zab Gorge, 03.08.1954, = Libanotis montana Crantz var. lasiopetala Bornm., Verh. Davis 23826 & Polunin (ANK, BM). Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 60: 120 (1910). Conservation status: Least Concern (LC). Perennial, fibrous and nonfibrous petiolar remains Distribution: Turkey, Iran, Georgia, Armenia. Irano- present at base. Stems 1 to many, 27–73 cm tall, 2–6 Turanian element. mm diam., prominently ridged, the lower half densely 3.1.3. Seseli petraeum M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 1: 235 pubescent, the upper half sparsely pubescent, stems (1808) (Figures 6 and 7). becomes glabrous, green, branched at half of the stem. Type: Russia, In Saxosis Caucasi subalpini [Ex Caucaso Basal leaves oblong-lanceolate in outline, 2-pinnate, 7–30 Cabardinico] F.A.Marchall von Bieberstein (Lectotype: × 1–4 cm, scabrid, petioles 3–16.5 cm, leaf segments LE; Isotype: MW). elliptic-lanceolate, 1–6 × 1–2 mm, acute-acuminate. ≡ Hippomarathrum petraeum (M.Bieb.) Link, Stem leaves 1-pinnate, up to 14.5 × 2 cm, scabrid, acute- Handbuch 1: 349 (1829); = Bubon glaucus Spreng., Neue acuminate; sheaths 1–4 cm. Main umbel similar to lateral Schr. Naturf. Ges. Halle 2, 1 (Pl. Umbell. prodr.): 26 (1813). umbels, 3–3.5 cm diam.; 16–24-rayed, rays unequal, Perennial, fibrous and nonfibrous petiolar remains 0.7–2 cm, densely scabrid or scabridulous. Bracts 8–16, present at base, arising from a thick woody rootstock. linear-lanceolate, 4–7 × 1 mm, acute. Umbellules 5–6 mm Stems 1 to many, branched near the base, 10–39 cm diam., 15–25-flowered. Bracteoles free, 9–11, linear, c. tall, 2–8 mm diam., densely puberulent. Basal leaves 2 mm, acute, margins white. Pedicels c. 2 mm, in fruits elliptic-ovate in outline, 1–3 pinnate, 4–20.5 × 3–10 cm,

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Figure 5. Seseli transcaucasicum. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp. glabrous, leaf segments oblong, 1–3 × 0.2–0.5 cm, acute, 3.1.4. Pall. ex Sm., Exot. Bot. 2: 121, petioles very short. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves, (1807) (Figures 7 and 8). 1.5–10 × 1.5–7 cm, leaf segments oblong, 5–20 × 5 mm, Type: Cult. in Oxford Bot. Garden and Hort. Lady Hume. acute, sheaths pubescent, margin membranous, 0.8–1.9 = Seseli paphlagonicum Pimenov & Kljuykov, Flora × 0.3–0.7 cm. Main umbel shorter than lateral umbels, Mediterranea, 20: 19–27, (2010) syn. nov. 5–14 cm diam., densely hairy; rays 30–75, equal, 2–6 Type: Turkey, A4 Kastamonu, Dağı, Ilgazdağı cm, scabrid. Ebracteate. Umbellules 7–8.5 mm diam., Milli Park, 41°00′N, 33°44′E, 2200 m, limestones, 35–50-flowered. Bracteoles free, 9–13, linear, 1.5–3 × 19.08.2008, Pimenov & Kljuykov 104 (Holotype: MW, 1 mm, acuminate, densely hairy. Lateral umbels 2.5–8 photo !). cm diam., 11–36-rayed, rays 2–5 cm. Pedicels 1–3 mm, Perennial, fibrous and nonfibrous petiolar remains puberulent. Sepals triangular, 0.5–1 mm, persistent in present at base. Stems 1 to many, branched at base, (5)– fruit. Petals white-violet, dorsally scabrid. Filaments and 19–39 cm tall, deeply ridged, glabrous or puberulent, anthers yellow, anthers versatile. Ovary densely hairy. Stylopodium conical. Fruits linear-elliptic, 3 × 1 mm, pale green or pale purple. Basal leaves ovate-lanceolate scabrid. Fl: 7–8. in outline, 2-pinnate, 1.6–15 × 4.5 cm, glabrous or Habitat: Rocky slopes, 500–1400 m. scabridulous, leaf segments lanceolate, 4–10 × 1–1.5 Specimens examined: A7 Gümüşhane: Gümüşhane, mm. Stem leaves similar to basal leaves, reduced to Alemdar village road, 1400 m, 14.07.2002, rocks, E.Doğan above, 1.1–3 × 1.5 cm, terminal leaf segments linear, 1644 (GAZI); Trabzon: Maçka-Sümela monastery, 1200 m, 0.5–8 × 0.5–1 mm, sheaths 1.5–2 × 0.8 cm. Main umbel 14.07.2002, rocks, E.Doğan 1647 (GAZI); ibid., 05.10.2002, 13–30-rayed, rays 2–5 cm, ±equal, densely pubescent E.Doğan 1654 (GAZI); Araklı, Dağ Başı village, 10. km, or rarely glabrous. Bracts (0–1–2)–8–16, lanceolate or 500–600 m, 15.07.2002, rocks, M.Ekici 3071 (GAZI). filiform, trifid, 8–15 × 1–3 mm, scabridulous. Umbellules Conservation status: Vulnerable (VU). 7.5–13 mm diam., 60–70-flowered. Bracteoles connate Distribution: Turkey, Russia. Euro-Siberian element. at base, 11–20, lanceolate, 5 × 2.5 mm, acute, pubescent,

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Figure 6. Seseli petraeum. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp.

Figure 7. Distribution of Seseli petraeum (●) and S. gummiferum (□) in Turkey. margin white membranous or deeply toothed. Lateral glabrous. Stylopodium conical. Ovary pubescent. Fruits umbels 15–20-rayed, rays 6–25 mm. Bracts 5–7 × 2 mm. oblong-elliptic, 3.5–4 × 2 mm, densely pubescent. Fl: 6–8. Umbellules 5–8 mm diam., 40–60-flowered. Bracteoles 2 Habitat: Rock cracks, limestones, 1500–2200 m. × 1 mm. Pedicels very short, scabridulous. Sepals whitish, Specimens examined: A4 Ankara: Hasanoğlan, Idris ovate, c. 1 mm, persistent in fruit. Petals white-lilac, Dağı, north of limekiln, 1500–1600 m, 27.07.2000, rocks,

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C(b) B C(a) A Figure 8. Seseli gummiferum. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp.

E.Doğan 1583 (GAZI); ibid., 14.09.2002, E.Doğan 1650 25–30-rayed); bracteoles 15–20 (not 25–30). These (GAZI); Hasanoğlan, Idris Dağı, above Hasanoğlan, characters are not sufficient to describe a new species of 1500–1600 m, 27.06.1988, M.Koyuncu 7756 (GAZI); Seseli. Thus, S. paphlagonicum is classified as a synonymy Hasanoğlan, Idris Dağı, above Adilahmet village, 1700 m, of S. gummiferum. 09.09.1989, M.Koyuncu s.n. (Herb. no. 16348) (GAZI). 3.1.5. Seseli corymbosum Boiss. & Heldr., Diagn. Pl. Kırım: Distr. Yalta: above Nikita, alt. 350 m, shady Orient. ser. 1, 10: 29 (1849). limestone cliffs-scree on rocky slopes (smaller), 02.06.1959, Perennial, petiolar remains of dead leaf persistent at base. D. 33341 (E); Cult. a Saint-Emiland (S.-et-L.), de graines Stems solitaire, branched at above, 17–60 cm tall, ridged, du Museum, fin aqut 1885, Ozanon 1187 (E). densely pubescent or sometimes glabrous. Basal leaves Conservation status: Near Threatened (NT). 2-pinnate, lanceolate, 5.5–24 × 2–10 cm, densely scabrid, Distribution: Turkey and Crimea. Irano-Turanian leaf segments linear-oblong, acute, 0.3–3 × 0.1–0.3 cm, element. petioles shorter than lamina. Stem leaves 2-pinnate, In contrast to the 11th volume of Flora of Turkey reduced to upwards, rhomboid-ovate, 1.5–12.5 × 2–12 (Duman, 2000), by examining a vast number of specimens, cm, terminal segments linear, 15–47 × 1–3 mm, sheaths we determined that Seseli gummiferum has (0–1–2) 8–16 swollen, 15–40 × 7–15 mm. Main umbel 30–70 rays, rays bracts (not only 8–16). dense scabrid, 2.5–6 cm, ±equal. Bracts 0–1, oblong- According to Pimenov and Kljuykov (2010), S. lanceolate, acuminate, 5–17 × 2–4 mm, densely scabrid. paphlagonicum differs from S. gummiferum with only Umbellules 9–12 mm diam., 50–85-flowered. Bracteoles 2 characters, as follows: main umbel 13–30-rayed (not connate at base, 19–23, linear-lanceolate, acuminate,

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2.5–5 × 1–1.5 mm, dense scabrid, margin ciliate. Lateral Fl: 7–8. umbels 13–47-rayed, rays 5–35 mm. Bracts 0–1–2, Habitat: Rocks, 1110–1900 m. oblong-lanceolate, 5–7 × 2 mm. Umbellules 4–7 mm Conservation status: Near Threatened (NT). diam., 35–60-flowered. Bracteoles 13–19, 1.5–2 × 0.5–1 Distributions: Endemic. Mediterranean element. mm. Pedicels 1 mm, densely scabrid. Sepals c. 1 × 0.5 Specimens examined: B5 Niğde: Ulukışla, Bulgar Mt., mm, persistent in fruit. Petals white, incurved, glabrous 1300 m, 03.09.1969, Davis 16419 (ANK). C3 Antalya: or scabrid. Filaments and anthers yellow, anther versatile. Akseki-Pınarbaşı village, south rocks of Gidefi Mt., Ovary densely pubescent. Stylopodium conical. Fruits 1550–1750 m, 20.07.1995, A.Duran 2970 (GAZI); Akseki, elliptic, 3.5–4 × 1–1.5 mm, densely pubescent. Pınarbaşı village, Çataloluk, 14.08.2000, 1650–1900 1- Bracts 5–17 × 2–4 mm; umbellules 70–85-flowered m, steep rocky, E.Doğan 1584 (GAZI); Isparta: Eğridir, in main umbel; bracteoles 1.5–5 × 0.5–1.5 mm subsp. corymbosum Anamas Yaka village, Kapız stream, calcareous steep and 1- Bracts 4–6 × 1 mm; umbellules 50–65-flowered in deep valley, 1250–1450 m, 05.08.1974, A.Güner 1900 & main umbel; bracteoles 1–1.5 × 1 mm subsp. phrygium H.Peşmen (HUB); Sütçüler, western slopes of Sarp Mt, subsp. corymbosum (Figures 9 and 10). Davis 15787 (ANK); Kovada Thermal Reactor-Kovada Type: Turkey, C3 Isparta: in fissuris rupium regionis Lake, Pinus brutia clearings, 850 m, 28.8.1993, H.Duman piniferae Mt. Anemas Lycaoniae supra Tourtchalar, alt. 5414 (GAZI). C5 Adana: Gülek Gorge, 17.08.2000, 1110 4000’, Aug. 1845, Heldreich s.n. (K!). m, clearings of Pinus nigra, limestone rocks, 37°17′N, ≡ Seseli gummiferum Pallas ex Smith subsp. corymbosum 34°47′E, H.Duman 8439 (GAZI); Karaisalı, Gülek Gorge,

(Boiss. & Heldr.) in Notes R.B.G. Edinb. 21: 120 (1953). 31.08.1949, Davis 16468 (ANK).

5 mm

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A Figure 9. Seseli corymbosum subsp. corymbosum. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp.

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Figure 10. Distribution of Seseli corymbosum subsp. corymbosum (●), S. corymbosum subsp. phrygium (□), and S. resinosum (▲) in Turkey.

According to the fourth volume of Flora of Turkey mm diam., slightly ridged, pubescent only at upper half (Hedge and Lamond, 1972), stems of this subspecies are or nodes. Basal leaves 2-pinnate, lanceolate in outline, glabrous and with many stems. However, we found that the 4–28 × 4–8 cm, glabrous, terminal leaf segment lanceolate, subspecies have densely pubescent or sometimes glabrous 5–20 × 2.5–6 mm, acute. Stem leaves 1–2-pinnate, reduced stems. We also determined that the basal leaves are 5–24 × to upwards, lanceolate, (1–2)–12–20 × 0.8–4 cm, leaf 10 cm (not c. 20 × 10 cm) and umbels have 13–70 rays (not segments lanceolate, 5–30 × 5–9 mm, acute; sheaths 1–3 15–30). × 0.8–1.2 cm, margin whitish, hairy. Main umbel similar subsp. phrygium (Pimenov & Kljuykov) E.Doğan & to lateral umbels, rays 12–34, 1–3.5 cm, densely scabrid, H.Duman comb. & stat. nov. ±equal. Bracts 0–1, linear or broad oblong, 5–6 × 1.5–4 (Figure 10; for photo see Pimenov & Kljuykov, 2010). mm, densely hairy, acuminate or truncate. Umbellules 4–7 Type: Turkey, A3 Eskişehir, Sakarya valley, Mayıslar, mm diam., 25–35-flowered. Bracteoles connate at base, 10– 40°02′N, 30°39′E, 250 m, in cracks of limestone cliffs, 12, linear, c. 3 × 1 mm, densely hairy, acuminate. Pedicels 30.06.2007, Pimenov & Kljuykov 29 (Holotype: MW, photos !). 0.5–1 mm, densely pubescent. Sepals triangular, 0.5 mm, ≡ Seseli phrygium Pimenov & Kljuykov, Flora persistent in fruit. Petals white, incurved, dorsally scabrid. Mediterranea, 20: 19–27 (2010). Filaments and anthers pink-white, anther versatile. Ovary Fl: 6–7. Habitat: Rocks, 250–1155 m. densely pubescent. Stylopodium conical. Fruits oblong- Conservation status: This species is known from 2 ovoid, 3 × 1.5 mm, densely pubescent. Fl: 7–8. locations. The number of mature individuals at these Habitat: Rocky slopes, c. 2–500 m. locations is less than 250. It could be categorized as “Critically Specimens examined: A3 Zonguldak: Bartın, Endangered” (criterion B1) for its known “extent of Amasra, 21.08.1960, Khan et al. 773 (ANK); Bolu: occurrence”, which is not more than 100 km2, and for its low Düzce, Aydınpınar, Cevizli yalak, 500 m, 05.08.1982, population size, estimated to be than 250 mature individuals M.Aydoğdu 745 (ANK). A4 Bartın: Çakraz, the rocky (criterion C). We conclude that Seseli corymbosum subsp. coast, 15.07.2001, c. 2 m, E.Doğan 1606 (GAZI); ibid., phrygium must be classified as “Critically Endangered (CR)” 27.07.1994, M.Vural 7089 (GAZI); Amasra, the rocks near based on its “extent of occurrence” (IUCN, 2010). the port, 16.07.2001, c. 2 m, E.Doğan 1607 (GAZI); ibid., Distribution: Endemic. Euro-Siberian element. 03.09.2001, E.Doğan 1641 (GAZI); Inkum, 18.07.2001, c. Species examined: B3 Eskişehir: Sarıcakaya-Karlıktepe, 3 m, rocks, E.Doğan 1608 (GAZI); Zonguldak: Yenice, 10 11. km, 15.08.1992, 1155 m, K.H.C.Başer & A.Kaya (ESSE km S of Yenice, 24.07.2001, 300 m, rocks, H.Duman 8627 no: 10433). (GAZI); Karabük, Yenice, Çitdere region, Çitdere series, 3.1.6. Seseli resinosum Freyn & Sint., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 44: panel no: 1, 1010 m, upper slopes, 24.07.1985, G.Özalp, 100 (1894) (Figures 10 and 11). Herb. no: 26155 (ISTO); Yenice, Kavaklı region, 500 m, Type: Turkey, A4 Kastamonu: Küre to Nahas, ad Ekitschai, 08.08.1984, M.Demirörs 1991 (ANK); Kastamonu: Küre Sintenis 5010 (1892). (Holotype: NY! Isotypes: P, K! LE, GH, Mt. National Park, Çatak Canyon, under mixed forest, JE! B, M). 20.07.2002, 500 m, rocks, M.U.Özbek 1455 (GAZI); Ilgaz Perennial, fibrous and nonfibrous petiolar remains Mt., Çatak stream, Diberek region, 1450 m, 28.07.1982, present at base. Stems 1 to many, 19–50–(80) cm tall, 4–7 rocks, Y.Akman, E.Yurdakulol, M.Demirörs 12578 (ANK).

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5 mm

B

20 mm

1 mm

C(a) C(b) A

Figure 11. Seseli resinosum. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp.

Conservation status: Vulnerable (VU). 1.5–8 × c. 1.5–2.5 cm. Stem leaves ovate, 0.7–20 × 1–8 cm, Distribution: Endemic. Euro-Siberian element. 1–2-pinnate, leaf segments linear-lanceolate, 2–20 × 1–2 According to the habitat type, Seseli resinosum can show mm, pungens, sheaths triangular, 0.5–2 × 1.5 cm. Peduncles variation. This species is generally found in rocky habitats, 0.5–12 cm. Main umbel similar to lateral umbels, 1–6 cm but it sometimes grows in soil as well. When growing in diam., rays (2)–3–5–(10–15), 0.5–4 cm, scabridulous, soil, it shows different habit (taller stems, taller and wide unequal. Bracts 0–1, triangular, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, acute, basal leaves) from in rocky habitats. Specimens also margins white membranous, midvein reddish, scabridulous. have taller and narrower basal leaves under the forest. Umbellules 3–10 mm diam., 14–25-flowered. Bracteoles 3.1.7. Seseli tortuosum L., Sp. Pl. 260 (1753) (Figures 12 connate at base, 6–12, narrow lanceolate, 5–15 × 0.5–1 mm, and 13). scabridulous, whitish acuminate, with narrow white margin. Type: Europe, In Europa australi, photo 367/14 (Lectotype: Pedicels very short, c. 4 mm in fruit, pubescent. Sepals very LINN!). minute. Petals white-violet, dorsally scabrid. Filaments ≡ Hippaton tortuosum (L.) Raf., Good Book: 51 (1840); and anthers yellow or pink, anther versatile. Ovary densely = Seseli arenarium M.Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 3: 242 (1819). pubescent. Stylopodium purplish, conical. Fruits oblong- Perennial, fibrous and nonfibrous petiolar remains elliptic, 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm, densely pubescent. Fl: 8–10. present at base. Stems single, robust, irregular and densely Habitat: Steppe, clearings of Quercus, rocky limestone, laterally branched, 30–150 cm tall, 0.5–2 cm diam., slightly gypsum rock, 300–2200 m. ridged, glabrous, pale green or reddish. Basal leaves ovate- Specimens examined: A4 Ankara: Hasanoğlan, Idris oblong, scabrid, 14–38 × 4–18 cm, 2–3-pinnate, leaf Da., N of limekiln, 14.09.2002, 1500–1600 m, steppe, segments oblong-linear, 2–20 × 1–2 mm, pungens, petioles E.Doğan 1652 (GAZI); Çubuk, Ovacık to Saraycık villages, widened toward the base, thin membranous margin, Acımeydan Tepe region, 1250–1380 m, 11.09.1992, stony

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Figure 12. Seseli tortuosum. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp. slopes, E.Dündar 1471 (GAZI); Çubuk, Çubuk Dam, 1612 (GAZI); ibid., 12.10.2002, E.Doğan 1655 (GAZI); 25.09.1933, Krause 4472 (ANK); Karabük: behind the Beynam, 1400 m, 19.09.1992 (GAZI); Centrum, 06/00, Demir-çelik factory, c. 300–350 m, 20.07.2002, roadside, Beynam forest, steppe, 08.06.1969, Y.Akman 8435 (ISTO); E.Doğan 1649 (GAZI); Çankırı: Atkaracalar, Dumanlı Haymana-Yeşilyurt, Zeki Tepe, 950 m, 27.09.1992, rocky Mt., Çoban Yatağı region, 1400 m, 18.08.1991, A.Duran slopes, M.Vural 6285 & N.Adıgüzel, F.A.Karavelioğulları 1442 (GAZI); Kırıkkale: Koçubaba Kasabası, opening (GAZI); Haymana, Karacaören Village, Demirhavan of Quercus forest, 1250 m, 10.08.1989, A.Dönmez 1448 Tepe, 1040 m, 26.09.1992, steppe, stony slopes, M.Vural (GAZI, HUB); ibid., 23.09.1992, A.Dönmez 2830 (HUB); 6211 & N.Adıgüzel, F.A.Karavelioğulları (GAZI); Kastamonu: Küre Dağları National Park, Kurtgirmez Da., Şereflikoçhisar, Adana road, 130. km, around Tuzgölü, under the mixed forest, 07.08.2002, 1200 m, M.U.Özbek 05.10.1983, N.Demirkuş 1994 (HUB); Bala, Beynam 1344 (GAZI). A5 Amasya: Amasya, 01.10.2000, 500 m, forest, steppe, 08.06.1969, Y.Akman 6912 (ANK); Ankara, opening Quercus forest, limestone rocks, E.Doğan 1586 25.09.1932, W.Kotte (ANK). B5 Kayseri-Niğde: Araplıbeli, (GAZI); Amasya, alt. 4–600 m, 20.08.1890, Bornmüeller steppe, 1400 m, 21.09.1996, Z.Aytaç 7533 (GAZI). B6 2806 (BM). B2 Kütahya: Demirlik Da, Bölükmeşe region, Sivas: Divriği, front of the castle, rocky slopes, 1100 m, steppe, 1100 m, 17.08.1994, E.Akçiçek 1074 (GAZI). B3 09.09.1994, A.Dönmez 4291 (HUB); Taşlı Dere, Kayseri Eskişehir: Centrum 26/00, Türkmen Mt., Geviç village, road, 15. km, Domuzluk içi region, 1500 m, 06.08.1985, c. 900 m, T.Ekim 2669 (ISTO); Sündiken Mt., Mayıslar, gypseous, Ş.Civelek 2084 (ANK); 16 km. N of Sivas, steppe, 500 m, 13.09.1977, T.Ekim 863 (ANK); Türkmen Mt., 1400 m, 02.09.1954, Davis 24825 & Polunin (ANK, BM). T.Ekim 2669 (ANK); Bozdağ, Süleyman’s meadow, ESSE: C3 Antalya: Kemer, Teke Dağ, near Duacık, 1100 m, Davis 13045, 19.09.1999, A.Kaya (HUB). B4 Ankara: Beynam 15188 (ANK); Tahtalı Dağ, 2200 m, Davis 14117 (ANK); forest, 29.07.2001, 1400 m, Pinus nigra clearing, E.Doğan Akseki, Murtiçi, Çukurköy, Kavuzan Dağ, Mevkişim,

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Figure 13. Distribution of Seseli tortuosum (●) and S. campestre (▲) in Turkey. west slopes, rocky, 25.09.2004, E.Doğan 1715 (GAZI). C4 white-violet, dorsally scabridulous. Filaments and anthers Konya: Apa-Çarıklar, 07.09.1949, Davis 16595 (ANK). yellow, anther versatile. Ovary densely pubescent. Fruits Conservation status: Least Concern (LC). broad oblong-elliptic, 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm, pubescent, deep Distribution: Turkey, S Europe, NW Africa, Crimea, purple or green. Fl: 9–11. Caucasia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. Habitat: Steppe, clearing of Erica, Quercus cerris forest, Some specimens were collected during several field s.l. to 380 m. trips to the locality of Seseli tortuosum (A7 Gümüşhane: Specimens examined: A2 : Sultanbeyli, near Surda, Gümüşhane, Sint. 1890:3392 in Flora of Paşaköy, Ömerli Dam, Sefer Usta Çiftliği, c. 250 m, Turkey). Only S. andronakii specimens were found among 26.10.2002, opening Erica sp., E.Doğan 1656 (GAZI); these specimens during the preparation of this report, Bahçeşehir, near Ispartakule viaduct, c. 100 m, 26.10.2002, however. Descriptions within Flora of Turkey state that steppe, E.Doğan 1657 (GAZI); ibid., 08.11.2003, E.Doğan leaves of S. tortuosum are glabrous or scabrid. Collected 1705 (GAZI); Bursa: Kestel-Inegöl, 250–300 m, roadsides, specimens from different localities were examined, but opening macchia, 19.11.2005, E.Doğan 1721 (GAZI). A3 glabrous leaves could not be found. As a result, we suspect Bolu: Düzce, Gümüşova-Karadere road-Selamlar village, that specimens of S. tortuosum and S. andronakii might Q. cerris forest, 380 m, 08.10.1980, M.Aydoğdu 597 (ANK). have been mixed during the preparation of this report. Conservation status: Least Concern (LC). Distribution: Turkey, Balkans, Russia, Caucasia. Euro- 3.1.8. Seseli campestre Besser, Enum. Pl. Volhyn. 44 Siberian element. (1822) (Figures 13–15). Pimenov and Kljuykov (2010) treated Seseli campestre Type: USSR, Ukraine (Podolia): in campestribus inter as a synonym of S. tortuosum. However, these 2 species Sawran et Krasnenki, Andrzeiowski (LE). are easily separated from each other based on certain = S. rubellum Post, Bull. Herb. Boiss. 3: 157 (1895). distinctive features. S. campestre should absolutely maintain Perennial, fibrous petiolar remains present. Stems the species level. S. tortuosum has strong stems, including single, branched at base, branches 3 times branched, a large number of irregular lateral branches. The length 50–175 cm tall, 6–9 mm diam., ridged, glabrous, slender, and width of the plants are almost equal. S. campestre has purple or green. Basal leaves ovate-lanceolate, 2–3-pinnate, weak stems and is much less laterally branched. The width 5–20 × 1–3 cm, rarely glabrous, leaf segments linear, 1–5 of the plant is, at maximum, one-fourth of its length. In × 1 mm, pungens, petioles very short, canaliculate. Stem addition, peduncles of S. campestre are approximately 2 to leaves narrow, lanceolate-elliptic, 2-pinnate, 0.6–10 × 2.5 times longer than those of S. tortuosum. Additionally, c. 1.5 cm, scabrid, pungens, sheaths 1–3 × 0.4–0.8 cm. S. campestre differs from S. tortuosum with its stems 2.5–5 Main umbel similar to lateral umbels, umbels 3–6 cm mm diam. (not 5–20 mm diam.); basal leaves ovate- diam., rays (3)–4–10, scabrid or rarely glabrous, 3–4.5 lanceolate and 5–20 × 1–3 cm (not ovate-oblong and not cm, unequal. Bracts 0–1, narrow lanceolate, 2.5–8 × 14–40 × 5–20 cm), leaf segments linear and 1–5 × 1 mm 1–2.5 mm, pubescent, acute, margin white membranous. (not oblong-linear and not 2–20 × 1–2 mm), petioles Umbellules 0.4–1 cm diam., 10–31-flowered. Bracteoles canaliculate (not terete); bracts narrow lanceolate (not free, 8–12, linear-lanceolate, 2–5 × 1 mm, pubescent, triangular), bracteoles free and 2–5 × 1 mm (not connate acuminate, margin white membranous. Pedicels 2–5 mm, at base and not 5–15 × 0.5–1 mm), pedicels 2–5 mm (not pubescent. Sepals linear, 0.5 mm, persistent in fruit. Petals c. 0.5 mm), fruits 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm (not 3–4 × 1.5–2 mm).

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C(a) C(b) A B Figure 14. Seseli campestre. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of

mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp.

3.1.9. Seseli marashica E.Doğan & H.Duman sp. nov. Description: Perennial, fibrous and nonfibrous (Figures 16 and 17). petiolar remains present at base, rootstock sturdy. Stems Type: Turkey, B6 Kahramanmaraş: Göksun, Yeşilkent- 1 to many, branched in upper part, 35–70 cm, 4–6 mm Göksun, Binboğa Mountain, 06.08.2001, 1600–1700 m, diam., yellowish green, terete, with fine ridges, solid, on calcareous rocky ground, 38°13′N, 36°26′E, H.Duman glabrous. Basal leaves long petioled, petioles up to 18 cm 8648 (Holotype: GAZI). long, dilated at the base, glabrous or rarely scabridulous, Diagnosis: Seseli marashica is related to S. campestre. with fine ridges, lamina in outline elliptic or obovate, It mainly differs from S. campestre in having 1 to many 4-pinnate, 12–22 × 6–10 cm, leaf segments linear, (0.5– stems (not single), stems 35–70 cm tall (not 50–175 cm), )1–3 × 0.1 cm, apiculate. Upper cauline leaves reduced to yellowish green (not purplish or green); basal leaves upwards, ovate, 2–3 pinnate, 1–10 × 1–6 cm, leaf segments 2-pinnate (not 4-pinnate), elliptic or obovate in outline linear, glabrous or scabridulous, apiculate, with broad (not ovate-lanceolate), petioles up to 18 cm long (not 8.5 sheathing bases, sheath glabrous or scabridulous at upper cm long), lamina 12–22 × 6–10 cm (not 5–10 × 1–3 cm), part margins, 0.5–2 × 0.5–1 cm, margins membranaceous. ultimate segments (0.5–)1–3 × 0.1 cm (not 0.1–0.5 × 0.1 Inflorescence composed of lateral branches; terminal cm); peduncles of terminal umbels 7–11 cm long (not umbels long peduncled, peduncles sturdy, 7–11 cm long, 10–22 cm long); rays (4–)5–13(–19) (not (3–)–4–10); glabrous and fine ridges, with (4–)5–13(–19) rays, rays c. bracteoles connate at base (not free), c. 1.5 × 1 mm (not 2–5 0.5–3 cm long, subequal or unequal, glabrous or sparsely × 1 mm); pedicels (0.5–)1–1.5(–2) mm long (not 2–5 mm); pilose especially base of umbels; lateral umbels short fruit oblong-elliptic (not oblong-ovoid), 3–5 × 1.5 mm peduncled, peduncles 4–7 cm long. Bracts 0–1, oblong (not 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm), densely pubescent (not sparsely ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 4–6 × 2.5 mm, scabrid to pubescent), ridges are narrower than valleculae (ridges are pilose. Umbellules 15–20-flowered. Bracteoles connate not larger than valleculae). Flowering and fruiting time of at base, 10–14, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, c. 1.5 × 1 S. marashica July–October (not September–December). mm, densely pilose. Pedicels (0.5–)1–1.5(–2) mm, pilose.

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mature individuals (criterion C). We conclude that Seseli marashica must be classified as “Critically Endangered (CR)” based on its “extent of occurrence” (IUCN, 2010). Paratypes: B6 Kahramanmaraş: Göksun, S of Doğankonak village, on calcareous rocky ground, 1500– 1600 m, 08.08.1997, Z.Aytaç 7782 (GAZI); Göksun, Binboğa Mountain, E of Doğankonak, 10.08.1997, 1600– 1700 m, on calcareous rocky ground, H.Duman 6550 (GAZI); Yenikent-Doğankonak, 5 km from Keklikoluk, 1650 m, 11.10.2003, on calcareous rocky ground, E.Doğan 1704 (GAZI); ibid., 23.07.2003, E.Doğan 1697 (GAZI); Göksun, Doğankonak Village, Binboğa Mountain, on calcareous rocky ground, 1650–1700 m, 06.08.2003, Z.Aytaç 8632 & H.Altınözü (GAZI); ibid., 20.09.2003, Z.Aytaç 8642 (GAZI); Kayseri: Pınarbaşı, road of Eğrisöğüt Village, Şırvan Mountain, 1900 m, 25.07.2003, on calcareous rocky ground, E.Doğan 1698 (GAZI). 3.1.10. Seseli andronakii Woronow ex Schischk., Fl. URSS 16: 603 (1950) (Figures 17–19). Type: Turkey, A8 Çoruh: in rupestribus non procul ab oppido Olty ad pagum Lomaschen Coll. ignot. (LE). 20 mm Perennial, fibrous petiolar remains present at base. Stems single, densely branched near the base, 40–300 cm tall, 8–12 mm diam., terete, glabrous, pale green. Basal leaves numerous, wide obovate or oblong-elliptic in outline, 10–40 × 7–28 cm, 2–4-pinnate, glabrous, leaf segments linear, 0.5–3–(7) cm × 0.5–1 mm, pungens, petioles very Figure 15. Basal part of Seseli campestre. short. Stem leaves obovate, 1–2-pinnate or trifoliate, 1–32 × 1–15 cm glabrous, leaf segments linear, 1–11 cm × 1–1.5 mm, pungens, upper cauline leaves reduce to upwards, Sepals triangular, 1 mm, persistent in fruit. Petals cream to sheaths triangular, 1–4 × 0.8–2.5 cm, pubescent. Main white, densely pilose on dorsal surface. Filaments yellow umbel similar to lateral umbels, umbels 2–4.5 cm diam., 0.5–1 mm, anthers versatile. Ovary densely pubescent. Stylopodium in fruit depressed conical, styles persistent rays 5–26, unequal, rays scabrid, 0.3–4 cm. Bracts 0–(1), to 1 mm. Fruits green, oblong-elliptic, 3–5 × 1.5 mm, triangular, c. 2.5 × 1.5 mm, acute, puberulous. Umbellules with distinct 5 ridges, densely pubescent, dorsal vittae 4. 4–6 mm diam., 10–20-flowered. Bracteoles connate at Flowering and fruiting in July–October. base, 10–12, narrow lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, This new species is very distinct, with no obvious allies margin white membranous. Pedicels very short. Sepals in Turkey, Iran, Europe, or the Caucasus; the only species minute. Petals white, dorsally scabrid. Filaments white, close to our new species appears to be S. campestre Besser. anthers yellow, versatile. Stylopodium conical. Ovary Distribution: S. marashica grows in southeastern densely pubescent. Fruit oblong, 3.5 × 2 mm, densely Turkey between the altitudes of 1500 and 1700 m, on pubescent. Fl: 8–10. calcareous rocky ground. Habitat: Steppe, rocks, 200–1750 m. Seseli marashica is a local endemic species that is Specimens examined: A7 Gümüşhane: Gümüşhane to known only from 2 small localities. These are Göksun Köse turnout, 1280 m, 13.07.2002, E.Doğan 1643 (GAZI); in Kahramanmaraş Province and Pınarbaşı in Kayseri ibid., 05.10.2002, E.Doğan 1653 (GAZI). A8 Artvin: Province (South Anatolia). It is representative of the Irano- Borçka, 200 m, 15.07.2002, rocks, E.Doğan 1648 (GAZI); Turanian element of the flora. Tortum-Uzundere, 10. km, roadsides, 04.08.2001, 1400– Conservation status: This species is known from 2 1450 m, E.Doğan 1615 (GAZI); Yusufeli-İspir roadsides, locations. The number of mature individuals at these 800 m, 27.08.1994, H.Duman 5662 (GAZI). A9 Erzurum: locations is less than 250. It could also be categorized as Oltu-Sarıkayalar, 05.08.2001, 1450–1750 m, rocks, “Critically Endangered” (criterion B1) for its known “extent E.Doğan 1617 (GAZI). of occurrence”, which is not more than 100 km2, and based Conservation status: Vulnerable (VU). on its low population size, estimated to be fewer than 250 Distribution: Endemic. Euro-Siberian element.

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A Figure 16. Seseli marashica. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp.

Figure 17. Distribution of Seseli marashica (●) and S. andronakii (▲) in Turkey.

3.1.11. Seseli serpentina B.L.Burtt ex H.Duman & ovate and glabrous (not ovate-lanceolate and sparsely E.Doğan sp. nov. (Figures 20 and 21). scabrid or glabrous), 20–30 × 10 cm (not 5–20 × 1–3 cm), Type: Turkey, C2 Muğla: between Fethiye-Dalaman, 41. leaf segments 3–10 × 0.1–0.2 cm (not 0.1–0.5 × 0.1 cm); km, 30.10.1999, 320 m, clearing of Pinus brutia, serpentine, rays 4–6 (not 4–10), c. 1–1.5 cm (not 3–4.5 cm); bracts H.Duman 7087 (Holotype: GAZI, Isotype: KNYA). oblong or linear (not narrow lanceolate); umbellules Diagnosis: Seseli serpentina is related to S. campestre. It 10–15-flowered (not 10–31), pedicels 1–1.5 mm (not 2–5 mainly differs from S. campestre because it has basal leaves mm), bracteoles c. 2 × 1 mm (not 2–5 × 1 mm); petals

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Figure 18. Seseli andronakii. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp. glabrous (not scabrid); fruits 3.5–6.5 × 2–3 mm and × 2–3 mm, with 5 distinct ridges, dark purple or green, sparsely hairy (not 3–3.5 × 2–2.5 mm and not densely number of hairs reduce as fruits become mature. Flowering hairy). in September–November, fruiting in December–January. Description: Perennial, fibrous and nonfibrous petiolar Paratypes: C2 Muğla: Fethiye, Göcek Pass-Dalaman, remains present at base. Stems 1 to many, shortly branched c. 300 m., 06.12.2003, serpentine rocks, E.Doğan 1706 at half part, 80–140 cm tall, 5–8 mm diam., entire, glabrous, (GAZI). C5 Hatay: Iskenderun, Arsuz, around Avcılar green. Basal leaves ovate in outline, 3-pinnate, 20–30 × suyu (Nachr sjad), 09.08.2000, 50–80 m, stream bed, 10 cm, acute, glabrous; leaf segments linear, 3–10 × 0.1– serpentine, sandstone, 36°22′N, 35°53′E, H.Duman 8420 0.2 cm, shortly petiolate. Upper cauline leaves reduced (GAZI); ibid., 06.12.2002, H.Duman 8812 (GAZI); Arsuz, to upwards, narrow lanceolate or obovate in outline, 500 m, Akman 162 (ANK). 2-pinnate, 1–25 × 1–10 cm, acute, glabrous; sheaths 1–3.5 Distribution: Flowering in September–November, × 0.4–1 cm. Inflorescence composed of lateral branches; fruiting in December–January. Seseli serpentina grows in main umbel similar to lateral umbels, umbels 1.5–3 cm South Turkey between the altitudes of 50 and 500 m, on diam., scabrid, rays 4–6, c. 1–1.5 cm, not equal. Bracts serpentine. The habitat is sun-exposed and dry. 0–2, oblong or linear, 1.5 × 1.5 mm, obtuse, pubescent. Seseli serpentina is a local endemic species, which Umbellules 6–7 mm diam., 10–15-flowered. Bracteoles is known only from 2 small localities. These are Fethiye free, 7–9, linear, c. 2 × 1 mm, acuminate, pubescent. (Muğla Province) and Arsuz () (South Pedicels 1–1.5 mm, pubescent. Sepals triangular, 0.5 mm, Anatolia). It is representative of the East Mediterranean persistent in fruit. Petals white-violet, glabrous. Filaments element of the flora. yellow, anthers versatile. Ovary densely pubescent, stylus Conservation status: This species is known from 2 and stylopodium reddish-purple. Fruits oblong, 3.5–6.5 locations. The number of mature individuals at these

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20 mm

Figure 19. Basal part of Seseli andronakii. locations is less than 250. It could be categorized as tall, 7–9 mm diam., glabrous. Basal leaves 2-pinnate, 5.5– “Critically Endangered” (criterion B1) for its known 10.5 × 1–2.5 cm, oblong-lanceolate in outline, leaf segments “extent of occurrence”, which is not more than 100 km2, and lanceolate, short pungens, c. 4 × 1.5 mm, densely scabrid. for its low population size, estimated to be fewer than 250 Upper cauline leaves reduced to upwards, trifoliate, ovate mature individuals (criterion C). We conclude that Seseli in outline, leaf segments linear-lanceolate, c. 5 × 1 mm, serpentina must be classified as “Critically Endangered short pungens, sheaths 4–7 × 3–5 mm. Main umbel (CR)” based on its “extent of occurrence” (IUCN, 2010). similar to lateral umbels, 3–9 cm diam., rays 8–12, 1–7 cm, unequal, sparsely scabrid. Bracts 0–1–2, triangular, 5 3.1.12. Seseli hartvigii Parolly & Nordt, Willdenowia × 2 mm, acuminate, scabrid. Umbellules 4–8 mm diam., 31(1): 87 (2001) (Figures 21 and 22). 20–25-flowered. Bracteoles connate at base, 8–12, linear, Type: Turkey, C3 Antalya: Çalbalı Da., W side, 2100–2300 1.5 × 0.5 mm, acuminate, densely scabrid. Pedicels very m, rocky slopes, limestone, 19.07.1984, G.Görk, P.Hartvig short, densely pubescent. Sepals minute. Petals white, & A.Strid 23738 (Holotype: C). greenish-white in bud, dorsally scabrid. Ovary densely ≡ Seseli ramosissimum Hartvig & Strid, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. pubescent. Stylopodium conical. Fruits elliptic-ovate, 2–3 108: 305, 2 (1987) non S. ramosissimum (Port. ex Spreng.) × 1.5–2.5 mm, densely pubescent. Fl: 8–9. Ces. Habitat: High mountain steppe, rocks, 1900–2500 m. Monocarpic, fibrous petiolar remains present at base. Specimens examined: C3 Antalya: Bakırlar Da., Stems many, stem-like branched near the base, 8–40 cm Saklıkent, 17.08.2000, 2300–2500 m, high mountain

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5 mm

B

20 mm

C(a)

1 mm

C(b)

A Figure 20. Seseli serpentina. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp. steppe, rocks, E.Doğan 1585 (GAZI); ibid., 30.08.2003, Seseli campestre and S. tortuosum are easily differentiable E.Doğan 1703 (GAZI). from each other by certain characteristic features that are Conservation status: Endangered (EN). given in this paper. In our view, S. campestre remains at the Distribution: Endemic. Mediterranean element. species level. Two subspecies of Seseli gummiferum in the Flora of 4. Discussion Turkey show distinctive characteristics at the species rank. Seseli grandivittatum was recorded by Grossheim in the As a result of morphological study, we conceive that these fourth volume of the Flora of Turkey (Hedge and Lamond, subspecies should be elevated to the species level as S. 1972), but it is not found within the borders of Turkey. In gummiferum and S. corymbosum. the 10th volume of the Flora of Turkey, there is a record of One of the new species reported by Pimenov & Kljuykov S. grandivittatum (A9 Kars: Arpaçay) (Davis et al., 1988), (2010) was Seseli paphlagonicum Pimenov & Kljuykov and after examination, this is considered to actually belong from A4 Kastamonu: Ilgaz Dağ. By morphological to the genus Trinia G.F.Hoffman. In spite of comprehensive comparison of this species with S. gummiferum (A4 field trips we could not find this species. As a result, in Ankara: Hasanoğlan, Idris Da.), we found few differences, contrast to the study of Pimenov and Kljuykov in 2010, S. not enough to describe a new species range. Therefore, grandivittatum is excluded from the species list of Seseli. S. paphlagonicum is recorded as a synonymy of S. Seseli peucedanoides and S. foliosum are also excluded gummiferum. Moreover, S. phrygium is reduced to the from this genus, having been transferred to the genus subspecies rank: S. corymbosum subsp. phrygium. Gasparrinia by Pimenov (Pimenov and Kljuykov, 2010), Seseli marashica and S. serpentina are reported as with which we concur. new species for Turkey. Thus, the total number of taxa

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Figure 21. Distribution of Seseli serpentina (●) and S. hartvigii (▲) in Turkey.

C(a)

1 mm

C(b)

5 mm

B

20 mm

20 mm

A Figure 22. Seseli hartvigii. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp. known from Turkey has increased to 13 (12 species, 1 In 1999, Southam recommended revitalizing Seseli subspecies). Relatively, the number of endemic taxa has rubellum, shown as a synonym of S. campestre, because the increased from 4 to 7 and the new endemism ratio is specimens recorded from Hatay-Arsuz region in the Flora 53.8%. Phytogeographical distributions of taxa include 6 of Turkey were similar to the collections from Fethiye- taxa of Euro-Siberian, 3 taxa of Mediterranean and 3 taxa Muğla (Southam, 1999). However, during investigation of Irano-Turanian elements. Only S. tortuosum is a wide- of the specimens mentioned above, we found that these spread species. specimens were neither S. campestre nor S. rubellum.

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Those specimens that were defined as S. serpentina by the habitat. Seseli taxa generally prefer rocky and stony authors distinctly differ fromS. rubellum, in leaf segments habitats, but some of the populations were found to grow 3–10 cm (not 1.2–1.8 cm) and mature fruits 3.5–6.5 × 2–3 in the soil. This situation would presumably be associated mm (not 3 mm). We therefore conclude that S. rubellum is with morphological differences within populations. For still a synonym of S. campestre. instance, the specimens of S. corymbosum collected Seseli libanotis, S. transcaucasica, S. tortuosum, and from Antalya and Adana were different in terms of S. campestre are not endemic. Their threat categories are plant height, structure of basal leaves, indumentums, not given in Red Data Book of Turkish Plants (Ekim et al., and inflorescent features. Similarly, the specimens of S. 2000). According to IUCN 2010, these species should be resinosum collected from soil and rocky habitats showed placed in the LC category due to their wide distribution morphological variations. S. tortuosum was the species in Turkey. The threat category of S. gummiferum reported with the widest variation range. A greater understanding from 1 locality is VU in the Red Data Book, but in the of the variation range of the Seseli species can be attained results from this study it is known from 2 localities. The by collecting more specimens from each locality and populations found in these habitats are in good situations, from different habitats. Such wide morphological and so we suggest changing its threat category to NT. variation leads to disputes when introducing new taxa In this revision study, complete descriptions of each for this genus. species were prepared from an abundance of collected plant materials. A comparison of the descriptions of Acknowledgments species with the descriptions in the Flora of Turkey presents We wish to thank Gazi University (Project No.: FEF distinctive differences. The wide morphological variation 05/2001-28) for financial support, and also would like to across the taxon is likely due to the variation in type of thank F Işık Güner for preparing the figures.

References

Akalın Uruşak E, Kızılaslan Ç (2013). Fruit anatomy of Hedge IC, Lamond JM (1972). Seseli L. In: Davis PH, editor. Flora some Ferulago (Apiaceae) species in Turkey. Turk J Bot 37: of The Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 4. Edinburgh, 434–445. UK: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 367–372. Aytaç Z, Duman H (2013). A new species and two new records from IUCN Species Survival Commission (2010). IUCN Red List Turkey. Turk J Bot 37: 1055-1060. Categories: Version 8.1. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Brummitt RK, Powell CE (2001). Authors of Plant Names. Kew: Linnaeus C (1753). Species Plantarum. Stockholm: Impensis Royal Botanic Gardens. Laurentii Salvii, pp. 244, 259–261. Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K (1988). Seseli L. In: Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan Linnaeus C (1754). Genera Plantarum, 5th ed. Stockholm: Impensis K, editors. Flora of Turkey and The East Aegean Islands (Suppl. Laurentii Salvii, p. 126. 1), Vol. 10. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, pp. Pimenov MG, Kljuykov EV (2010). Two new species of Seseli 150–151. (Umbelliferae) from Turkey. Flora Mediterranea 20: 19–27. Duman H (2000). Seseli L. In: Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer Pimenov MG, Leonov MV (2004). The Asian Umbelliferae KHC, editors. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands biodiversity database (ASIUM) with particular reference to (Suppl. 2), Vol. 11. Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University south-west Asian taxa. Turk J Bot 28: 139–145. Press, p. 141. Southam M (1999). Seseli rubellum Post (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae) Ekim T, Koyuncu M, Vural M, Duman H, Aytaç Z, Adıgüzel N beside the coast road in SW Turkey. Karaca Arboretum (2000). Red Data Book of Turkish Plants (Pteridophyta and Magazine 1: 41–42. Spermatophyta). Ankara: Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Turkish Uzunhisarcıklı ME, Vural M (2012). The taxonomic revision ofAlcea Association for the Conservation of Nature, p. 190 (in Turkish). and Althaea (Malvaceae) in Turkey. Turk J Bot 36: 603–636.

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