Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2013) 37: 1018-1037 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-1302-41 The revision of genus Seseli (Umbelliferae) in Turkey 1, 2 Ebru DOĞAN GÜNER *, Hayri DUMAN 1 Vocational School of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Gölbaşı, Ankara, Turkey 2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gazi University, Teknikokullar, Ankara, Turkey Received: 20.02.2013 Accepted: 21.07.2013 Published Online: 30.10.2013 Printed: 25.11.2013 Abstract: Seseli L. is represented by 12 taxa (species and subspecies) in the Flora of Turkey. On the basis of morphological examination and field investigation, we have revised the genus Seseli in Turkey. The following are provided for each taxon: a description, along with the complete synonymy and notes on nomenclature, geographical distribution, habitat, IUCN conservation status assessment, and selected materials examined. Two new species from Turkey, Seseli marashica E.Doğan & H.Duman and S. serpentina B.L.Burtt ex H.Duman & E.Doğan, are also described. One taxon is reduced to synonymy: S. paphlagonicum Pimenov & Kljuykov is a synonym of S. gummiferum Pallas ex Smith. Moreover, one species is reduced to the rank of subspecies: S. corymbosum Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss. subsp. phrygium (Pimenov & Kljuykov) E.Doğan & H.Duman. According to the present revision, the genus contains 13 taxa (species and subspecies). Key words: Turkey, revision, Seseli, Apiaceae 1. Introduction S. corymbosum Boiss. & Heldr. ex Boiss. Pimenov and Seseli L., with about 135 species, 80 of which are distributed Kljuykov also described 2 new species of Seseli in that within Asia, is placed at number 6 regarding the number manuscript (Pimenov and Kljuykov, 2010). of species in Umbelliferae (Pimenov and Leonov, 2004; Akalın Uruşak and Kızılaslan, 2013; Aytaç and Duman, 2. Materials and methods 2013). According to the Flora of Turkey, this genus is Research specimens (in both the flowering and fruiting represented by 11 species and 1 subspecies, 4 of which are periods) were collected from different parts of Turkey endemic (Hedge and Lamond, 1972; Davis et al., 1988; from July to December between the years 2000 and 2005. Duman, 2000). The specimens were collected from more than one locality Seseli is represented by 9 species (Seseli pimpinelloides L., to determine the extent of morphological variations. S. montanum L., S. glaucum L., S. annuum L., S. ammoides The collected specimens and specimens in local and international herbaria collections (AEF, ANK, GAZI, L., S. tortuosum L., S. carviflora L., S. pyreneacum L., and HUB, ISTO, E, BM, NY, and Hb. Linn.) were examined and S. laxifragum L.) in Species Plantarum, published in 1753 are presented under the heading “specimens examined”. (Linnaeus, 1753). Seseli tortuosum was introduced as the The author’s name of each species was written according lectotype of Seseli (Linnaeus, 1754). to Authors of Plant Names (Brummitt and Powell, 2001). Several studies have been conducted on Turkish Seseli The following characters, which are taxonomically after the publication of the 11th volume of the Flora of important in the genus, were investigated: the structure Turkey. Pimenov and Leonov reported the total number of the basal leaves; indumentum types on the stem and of taxa attributed to Seseli (Pimenov and Leonov, 2004). the leaves; the bracts; the characters of umbels (rays, In another study, Pimenov and Kljuykov transferred bracteoles, umbellules); and the features of flowers and S. peucedanoides (M.Bieb.) Koso-Pol. and S. foliosum fruits. The measurements of at least 20 replicates belonging (Sommier & Levier) Manden to the genus Gasparrinia to each 1 of these 10 specimens and the average value of Bertol. Moreover, they placed S. campestre Besser in the each characteristic feature were evaluated (Uzunhisarcıklı synonymy of S. tortuosum. Pimenov and Kljuykov also and Vural, 2012). The maximum and minimum values of discussed the complexity of S. gummiferum Pallas ex Smith these measurements are given in the descriptions of the in their paper. They classified Turkish S. gummiferum as taxa. * Correspondence: [email protected] 1018 DOĞAN GÜNER and DUMAN / Turk J Bot The threat categories of Seseli species were revised Key to the Turkish species of the genus Seseli according to the IUCN’s Red List Categories (IUCN, 1- Inflorescence consisting of main umbel and lateral 2010). Abbreviations used in the text are: CR, Critically umbels Endangered; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable; LC, Least 2- Main umbel shorter than lateral umbels; bracteoles Concern; NT, Near Threatened; and Fl, flowering period. free from base.................................................................... ...................................................................3. S. petraeum 3. Results 2- Main umbel taller than lateral umbels; bracteoles connate at base 3.1. Taxonomy 3- Stem branched at base; terminal leaf segments c. Seseli L., Sp. Pl. 1: 259 (1753). 1.5 mm wide; fruits at least 2 mm wide........................ Lectotype: Seseli tortuosum L. ..........................................................4. S. gummiferum = Athamantha L., Sp. Pl. 1: 244 (1753); = Bubon Linnaeus, 3- Stem branched at upwards; terminal leaf segment Sp. Pl. 253 (1753); = Libanotis Haller ex Zinn, Cat. Pl. at least 1.5–3 mm wide; fruits c. 1.5 mm wide............. Hort. Gott. 226 (1757); = Hippomarathrum P.G. Gaertner, ..........................................................5. S. corymbosum B.Meyer et J.Scherbius, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Wetterau 1: 249, 1- Inflorescence consisting of the same type umbels 413 (1799); = Hippaton Rafinesque, Good Book 51 (1840). 4- Stems completely or partly pubescent See Figure 1. Biennials or perennials. Petiolar remains 5- Stems completely pubescent of dead leaf persistent at base of stem or sometimes absent. 6-Terminal leaf segments 15–26 mm; umbels up Stems single or many, branching at base or at half of the to 14 cm in diam.; bracts 8–19mm..................... stem, 5–300 cm tall, ridged or rarely smooth, generally ..........................................................1. S. libanotis green, rarely reddish-purple, pubescent or glabrous. 6- Terminal leaf segments 1–6 mm; umbels at Leaves 1–4 pinnate, pubescent or glabrous, basal leaves most 3–3.5 cm in diam.; bracts 4–7 mm............... ............................................2. S. transcaucasicum better developed than cauline leaves, cauline leaves 5- Stems pubescent only at upper half or nodes reduces to upwards, sheaths not distinct. Inflorescences 7- Leaves glabrous; umbellules are compound umbel; main umbel developed in some 25–35-flowered..........................6.S. resinosum species; rays scabrid or rarely glabrous; umbels bracteate 7- Leaves pubescent; umbellules or ebracteate; bracteoles free or connate at base, densely 10–20-flowered..........................9. S. marashica pubescent. Sepals minute, persistent in fruit. Petals white, 4- Stems completely glabrous pale or dark violet in bud, midvein white or pale yellow; 8- Petals glabrous; fruits sparsely glabrous or scabrid at dorsal surface. Filaments white or scabrid....................................10. S. serpentina violet, anthers yellow or violet, versatile. Fruits oblong, 8- Petals scabridulous at dorsal surface; fruits oblong-ovoid, ovoid, linear-oblong, oblong-elliptic, densely scabrid elliptic-ovate; 2–6.5 × 1–3 mm; pubescent or scabrid, 9-Umbellules at least 20–25-flowered; rays distinctly 5 ridges. Anatomical structure of mericarps in up to 7 cm; bracteoles c. 1.5..12. S. hartvigii all species of Seseli is typical for the members of family 9-Umbellules 10–31-flowered; rays up to Apiaceae. 4.5 cm; bracteoles 2–15 mm 10-Basal leaves c. 20 cm; bracteoles free; Vb pedicels 2–5 mm................8. S. campestre Me 10-Basal leaves up to 40 cm; bracteoles connate at base; pedicels c. 1–2 mm 11- Leaves glabrous; bracts 2.5 × 1.5 mm H ........................................11. S. andronakii 11- Leaves scabrid; bracts 4–5 × 2–3 mm V ...........................................7. S. tortuosum Es 3.1.1. Seseli libanotis W.D.J.Koch, Nova Acta Acad. Leop.- T En Carol., 12(1): 111 (1824) (Figures 2–4) Type: In Sueciae, Germaniae pratis siccis apricis, 345/1 Ep (Lectotype: LINN-photo!). ≡ Athamantha libanotis L., Sp. Plant. Ed. 1: 244 (1753); ≡ Libanotis montana Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc. ed. 1, 3: 117 Figure 1. General transversal section shape of Seseli mericarp. (1767); ≡ Libanotis vulgaris DC., Prodr. 4: 150 (1830). En: endodermis, Ep: epidermis, Es: endosperm, H: hair, Me: Biennial or perennial, with fibrous petiolar remains mesocarp, T: testa, V: vittae, Vb: vascular bundle. present at base. Stems single, 50–150 cm tall, 6–10 mm 1019 DOĞAN GÜNER and DUMAN / Turk J Bot 1 mm C(b) C(a) 20 mm 20 mm 5 mm Figure 3. Basal part of Seseli libanotis. B A Figure 2. Seseli libanotis. A- habit, B- umbellules, C(a)- dorsal Artvin: Borcka, Kilaskur, Atanoglu Mah., 980 m, road view of mericarp, C(b)- transverse section of mericarp. side, steep slope, 41°24′N, 41°47′E, 17.08.2002, A.Güner 13341 (GAZI); Borcka, Macahel, Kayalar, 615 m, cracked diam., prominently ridged, ridge c. 2 mm, pubescent. rocks, 20.08.2002, A.Güner 13342 (GAZI); Yalnızçam Basal leaves lanceolate-oblong in outline, 2-pinnate, 12– Mountains, below Kütül, 1800 m, 18.08.1957, Davis 32466 42 × 8.5–15 cm, leaf segments ovate, 1.5–2.6 × 1–1.8 cm, & Hedge (ANK, BM); Rize: Çamlıhemşin, Çat köyü- acute. Upper cauline leaves reduced to upwards, 4.5–15 × Vanski plateau, 10.08.2001, 1600 m, meadows, E.Doğan 3–7 cm. Main umbel similar to lateral umbels, 3–14 cm 1630 (GAZI); Pazar, Pazar-Çayeli, c. 10 m, road side, rocks, diam.; rays 21–59, ±equal, 2–6.5 cm, scabrid. Bracts 9–17, 09.08.1985, A.Güner 6844 (GAZI, HUB); Çamlıhemşin, linear, 8–19 × 1–3 mm, acute, with white membranous Çat Köyü-Vanksi plateau, Picea orientalis forest, 1400– margin. Umbellules 13–15 mm diam.; 38–43-flowered. 2100 m, 22.08.1981, A.Güner 4280 (HUB); Çamlıhemşin, Bracteoles free, 8–15, linear, 6–10 × 0.2–1.5 mm, acute, Hisarcık village-Sıraköy, alpine steppe, granite land, scabrid, margin white and membranous.