In the Supreme Court of the United States
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CAPITAL CASE No. 19-_____ In the Supreme Court of the United States RODNEY REED, Petitioner, v. Texas, Respondent. On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI BARRY C. SCHECK BRYCE BENJET Counsel of Record CLIFF C. GARDNER [email protected] ROBERT A. WEBER [email protected] MICHELLE L. DAVIS THE INNOCENCE PROJECT NICOLE A. DISALVO 40 Worth St., Ste. 701 JULIANA R. VAN HOEVEN New York, NY 10013 SKADDEN, ARPS, SLATE, (212) 364-5980 MEAGHER & FLOM LLP 920 N. King St. ANDREW F. MACRAE Wilmington, DE 19801 LEVATINO|PACE PLLC (302) 651-3000 1101 S. Capital of Texas Hwy. Building K, Ste. 125 Austin, TX 78746 (512) 637-8565 i CAPITAL CASE QUESTIONS PRESENTED Question Presented No. 1 At Rodney Reed’s capital murder trial, the victim’s fiancé, Jimmy Fennell, was a key witness for the prosecution. Years later, Reed discovered that Fennell (a prime suspect in the murder) made a prior inconsistent statement to a sheriff’s officer about his activities the night of the murder. Fennell was subpoenaed to testify at a state habeas hearing on Reed’s claim that the inconsistent statement was suppressed in violation of Brady v. Maryland. At the hearing, Fennell invoked his Fifth Amendment privilege and refused to testify, preventing Reed from confronting a key trial witness about the suppressed exculpatory evidence. In denying Reed’s Brady claim, the Texas courts made no mention of Fennell’s appearance at the hearing or his invocation of his Fifth Amendment privilege and refusal to testify. The first question presented is: When assessing under the Brady materiality standard whether “disclosure of the suppressed evidence to competent counsel would have made a different result reasonably probable,”1 how should a court consider the impact of a key trial witness’s assertion of the privilege against self-incrimination and refusal to testify when confronted with the suppressed exculpatory evidence? 1 Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 441 (1995). ii Question Presented No. 2: At Reed’s 1998 capital murder trial, the State relied on the opinions of three forensic experts as its central evidence of Reed’s guilt. In the proceedings below, Reed raised a Due Process claim supported by evidence that the State’s experts or their employing agency had retracted or modified their opinions implicating Reed because the opinions offered at trial were scientifically invalid. The second question presented is: When expert testimony relied on by the State in a criminal trial is later shown to be scientifically invalid, what is the appropriate standard to assess whether the State’s use of scientifically invalid expert testimony was in violation of Due Process? Question Presented No. 3: Does the conviction or execution of a person who is actually innocent of the crime violate the United States Constitution? iii PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDINGS BELOW The petition arises from a state habeas corpus proceeding in which Petitioner, Rodney Reed, sought relief from the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. LIST OF RELATED PROCEEDINGS Reed v. Goertz, No. 1:19-cv-00794-LY (W.D. Tex.) (filed Aug. 8, 2019) State v. Reed, No. 8701 (Texas 21st District May 29, 1998) (ORDER ON CONVICTION AND SENTENCE OF DEATH) Ex parte Rodney Reed, No. 8701 (Texas 21st District May 27, 1999) (ORDER) Reed v. State, No. 73,135 (Tex. Crim. App. Dec. 6, 2000), cert. denied, 534 U.S. 955 (2001) Ex parte Rodney Reed, Nos. 50-961-01, 50,961-02 (Tex. Crim. App. Feb. 13, 2002) (ORDER) (Per curiam) Ex parte Rodney Reed, Nos. 50-961-03 (Tex. Crim. App. Oct. 19, 2005) (Per curiam) Ex parte Rodney Reed, 271 S.W.3d 698 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008) Ex parte Rodney Reed, Nos. 50-961-04, 50-961-05 (Tex. Crim. App. Jan. 14, 2009) (Per curiam) Ex parte Rodney Reed, No. 50-961-06 (Tex. Crim. App. July 1, 2009) (Per curiam) iv Reed v. Thaler, No. A-02-CV-142-LY (W.D. Tex. June 15, 2012) (REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE) Reed v. Thaler, No. A-02-CV-142-LY (W.D. Tex. Sept. 26, 2012) (ORDER ON REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION), aff’d, Reed v. Stephens, 739 F.3d 753 (5th Cir. 2014) Reed v. Stephens, 739 F.3d 753 (5th Cir. 2014), r’hearing denied, (5th Cir. Mar. 14, 2014), cert. denied, 135 S.Ct. 435 (2014) State v. Reed, No. 8701 (Texas 21st District Nov. 25, 2014) (TRANSCRIPT) State v. Reed, No. 8701 (Texas 21st District Dec. 12, 2014) (FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW) Ex parte Rodney Reed, No. 50-961-07 (Tex. Crim. App. Feb. 23, 2015) (ORDER ENTERING STAY OF EXECUTION) (Per curiam) Reed v. State, No. AP-77054 (Tex. Crim. App. June 29, 2016) (ORDER FOR REMAND) (Per curiam) Reed v. State, 541 S.W.3d 759 (Tex. Crim. App. 2017), cert. denied, 138 S.Ct. 2675 (2018) Ex parte Rodney Reed, Nos. 50-961-07, 50,961-08 (Tex. Crim. App. May 17, 2017) (ORDER) (Per curiam) Ex parte Rodney Reed, No. 50-961-08, Trial Court Cause No. 8701 (Texas 21st District Jan. 8, 2018) (ORDER) v Ex parte Rodney Reed, No. 50-961-08, Trial Court Cause No. 8701 (Texas 21st District Jan. 8, 2018) (FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW) Ex parte Rodney Reed, Nos. 50-961-08, 50,961-09 (Tex. Crim. App. June 26, 2019) (ORDER) (Per curiam) vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page QUESTIONS PRESENTED........................................ i PARTIES TO THE PROCEEDINGS BELOW ......... iii LIST OF RELATED PROCEEDINGS ...................... iii TABLE OF APPENDICES ....................................... vii TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ....................................... x OPINIONS BELOW ................................................... 3 STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION ........................... 3 CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS .......................... 3 STATEMENT OF THE CASE ................................... 4 A. The Theory Upon Which The State Obtained Reed’s Conviction. ......................... 4 B. The CCA Affirmed Reed’s Conviction And Denied Post-Conviction Relief Based On The Strength Of Now Recanted And Demonstrably False Testimony. ..................................................... 9 C. Reed Demonstrated His Conviction Was Obtained Through False Testimony And Recanted Scientific Opinions, And In Violation Of Brady v. Maryland. ..................................... 10 vii D. Reed Demonstrated In His 2018 Petition That Nothing Remains Of The State’s Case Against Him. ................... 15 E. The CCA Entered A Cursory Denial Of Habeas Relief After A Four-Year Stay Of Execution. ...................................... 23 REASONS FOR GRANTING THE WRIT ............... 24 I. THE TEXAS COURTS FAILED TO CONSIDER FENNELL’S REFUSAL TO TESTIFY WHEN CONFRONTED WITH SUPPRESSED EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE IN VIOLATION OF THE SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS. ........................................... 24 II. REED’S CONVICTION IS PREMISED ON SCIENTIFIC EXPERT OPINIONS THAT HAVE SINCE BEEN RECANTED IN VIOLATION OF DUE PROCESS. ...................................................... 29 III. REED’S CONVICTION OR EXECUTION WOULD VIOLATE THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION BECAUSE HE IS ACTUALLY INNOCENT OF THE MURDER OF STACEY STITES. .......................................... 34 CONCLUSION ......................................................... 38 viii TABLE OF APPENDICES Page Order of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Ex Parte Rodney Reed v. State, Nos. WR-50,961-08, WR-50-961-09 (Tex. Crim. App. June 26, 2019)..................... 1a Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law of District Court Reed v. State, No. 8701 (Texas 21st District Jan. 5, 2018) .................. 6a Order of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Ex Parte Reed, Nos. WR-50,961-07, WR-50,961-08 (Tex. Crim. App. May 17, 2017) ................... 43a Opinion of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Reed v. State, No. 73,135 (Tex. Crim. App. Dec. 6, 2000) ..................... 56a Opinion of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Ex Parte Rodney Reed, No. AP-75693 271 S.W.3d 689 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008) ....... 84a Declaration of Roberto J. Bayardo, M.D. (dated Aug. 31, 2012) .................................. 197a ix Affidavit of Werner U. Spitz, M.D. (dated Feb. 4, 2015) .................................... 202a Letter Opinion of Michael M. Baden, M.D. (dated Feb. 10, 2015) .................................. 208a Affidavit of LeRoy Riddick, M.D. (dated Jan. 10, 2015) .................................. 213a Bode Cellmark Forensics Forensic DNA/Biology Analysis Testimony Result of Review (dated Jan. 11, 2018) ..................... 228a Letter from Brady W. Mills, Assistant Division Director, Crime Laboratory Service, Law Enforcement Service Division, Texas Department of Public Safety (dated Apr. 30, 2018) .................................. 232a Supplemental Application for Writ of Habeas Corpus, (filed June 26, 2018, in Ex parte Reed, WR-50,961) .................................................. 232a Transcript From Trial of Rodney Reed (Excerpts) State v. Reed, No. 8701 (Texas 21st District May 4- 18, 1998) ...................................................... 292a Transcript From Hearing On Writ Of Habeas Corpus (Excerpts) State v. Reed, No. 8701 (Texas 21st District, October 10-14, 2017) ................................................. 320a x DRS Productions “Death Row Stories” Interview With Curtis Davis (April 14, 2016) ........................................... 354a Affidavit of Alicia Slater (dated Dec. 15, 2015) .................................. 422a Affidavit of LeRoy Ybarra (dated Jan. 15, 2015) .................................. 428a Affidavit of Calvin “Buddy” Horton (dated Mar. 2015) .......................................