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Aperçu De La Densite Des Lemuriens Nocturnes Et UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES DOMAINE DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES UNIVERSITE MENTION ZOOLOGIE ET BIODIVERSITE ANIMALE D’ANTANANARIVO MEMOIRE POUR L’OBTENTION DU Diplôme de MASTER Parcours : Biologie de la Conservation Animale APERÇU DE LA DENSITE DES LEMURIENS NOCTURNES ET ELEMENTS D’ECOLOGIE DE Lepilemur aeeclis (Andriaholinirina et al, 2006) DANS LA NOUVELLE AIRE PROTEGEE D’ANTREMA (BOENY- MAHAJANGA) Présenté par : Mr RAVELOMANDRATO Faranky Devant le JURY composé de : Président : Madame RABETAFIKA Lydia Professeur d’ESR Rapporteur : Madame RAZAFINDRAIBE Hanta Maître de Conférences Examinateurs : Madame OLIARINONY Ranalison Maître de Conférences Monsieur RAKOTONDRAVONY Daniel Maître de Conférences Soutenue publiquement le : 06 Novembre 2017 UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO FACULTE DES SCIENCES DOMAINE DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES MENTION ZOOLOGIE ET BIODIVERSITE ANIMALE UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO MEMOIRE POUR L’OBTENTION DU Diplôme de MASTER Parcours : Biologie de la Conservation Animale APERÇU DE LA DENSITE DES LEMURIENS NOCTURNES ET ELEMENTS D’ECOLOGIE DE Lepilemur aeeclis (Andriaholinirina et al, 2006) DANS LA NOUVELLE AIRE PROTEGEE D’ANTREMA (BOENY- MAHAJANGA) Présenté par : Mr RAVELOMANDRATO Faranky Devant le JURY composé de : Président : Madame RABETAFIKA Lydia Professeur d’ESR Rapporteur : Madame RAZAFINDRAIBE Hanta Maître de Conférences Examinateurs : Madame OLIARINONY Ranalison Maître de Conférences Monsieur RAKOTONDRAVONY Daniel Maître de Conférences Soutenue publiquement le : 06 Novembre 2017 Résumé La biologie, l’écologie et la densité des Lémuriens nocturnes sont des études essentielles dans leur conservation et sont encore à nos jours mal connues. La présente étude s’est déroulée dans la Nouvelle Aire protégée d’Antrema (Cr Katsepy-Région Boeny-Province Mahajanga) du 03 au 23 décembre 2016. Les objectifs du présent travail sont : d’estimer la densité de Lepilemur aeeclis et de Microcebus murinus et de connaître le régime alimentaire de Lepilemur aeeclis. Les méthodes « Focal animal sampling » et « Line transect Distance Sampling » ont été utilisées pour atteindre ces objectifs. La densité de Lepilemur aeeclis est 342,46 individus/ km2 à Ampapamena et celle de Microcebus murinus est 419,12 individus/ km2 à Antrema et à Ampapamena. Au total 19 espèces de plantes sont consommées par Lepilemur aeeclis. Les feuilles constituent 100 % de la nourriture de cette espèce. Elle exploite surtout les Niveaux 3 (2 à 5 m) et 4 (5 à 10 m) des strates de la forêt. Sept espèces d’arbres ont été utilisées comme gîte diurne par Lepilemur aeeclis. Les gîtes diurnes sont situés à une hauteur allant de trois à sept mètres et les diamètres à hauteur de poitrine de ces arbres sont supérieurs à 20 cm. Le fait que Lepilemur aeeclis est une espèce de Lémuriens exclusivement folivore ne prétend pas qu’elle ne consomme que des feuilles, il est fort probable que sa diète soit constituée d’autres parties de plante. La compréhension de l’utilisation des strates par Lepilemur aeeclis présente encore des lacunes, ce qui nécessite des études supplémentaires. Mots-clés : Conservation, Antrema, densité, Microcebus, Lepilemur, régime alimentaire i Abstract The biology, ecology and density of nocturnal Lemurs are essential for their conservation and still poorly known today. The present study was carried out in the New Protected Area of Antrema (Cr Katsepy- Boeny Region- Province of Mahajanga) from 03 to 23 december 2016. The objectives of the present work are : to estimate the density of Microcebus murinus and Lepilemur aeeclis, and to determine the diet of Lepilemur aeeclis. The "Focal animal sampling" and "Line transect Distance Sampling" methods were used to reach these objectives. The density of Lepilemur aeeclis is 342,46 individuals / km2 at Ampapamena and for Microcebus murinus, it is 419,12 individuals / km2 at Antrema and Ampapamena. A total of 19 plant species are consumed by Lepilemur aeeclis. The leaves are 100% of the food of this species. It mainly exploits the levels 3 (2 to 5 m) and 4 (5 to 10 m) of the forest’s strata. Seven tree species were used as diurnal shelter by Lepilemur aeeclis. The diurnal shelters are located at a height ranging from three to seven meters and the diameter at breast height of these trees are upper to 20 cm. Lepilemur aeeclis is a folivorous lemur but its diet may be containing other plant parts. Strata used by Lepilemur aeeclis is still poorly understood, which requires further studies. Key-words : Conservation, Antrema, density, Microcebus, Lepilemur, diet ii Remerciements Je rends gloire à Dieu le Père, le Fils et le Saint-Esprit pour m’avoir donné la force et le courage dans la réalisation de ce mémoire. La réalisation de ce travail a été rendue possible aussi grâce à l’aide et la collaboration de plusieurs personnes. Ainsi, je tiens à remercier tous ceux qui m’ont aidé, de près ou de loin, dans l’accomplissement de ce travail. J’adresse spécialement mes remerciements à : - Monsieur RAHERIMANDIMBY Marson, Professeur Titulaire, Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences - Monsieur RAKOTOMALALA Zafimahery, Maître de Conférences à la Faculté des Sciences, Chef de la Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale - Monsieur ANDRIANARIMISA Aristide, Professeur d’ESR, Responsable du Parcours Biologie et Conservation Animale - Madame RABETAFIKA Lydia, Professeur d’ESR, qui nous a fait un très grand honneur d’avoir accepté de présider ce mémoire, qu’elle veuille bien trouver ici l’expression de mes profondes reconnaissances. - Madame RAZAFINDRAIBE Hanta, Maître de Conférences à la Faculté des Sciences, qui a accepté d’être le rapporteur de ce mémoire, et a bien voulu m’assister sur le terrain, consacrer son temps et sa patience à corriger ce travail en apportant ses conseils et ses critiques. Permettez-moi de vous exprimer mes sincères remerciements. - Madame OLIARINONY Ranalison, Maître de Conférences à la Faculté des Sciences et Monsieur RAKOTONDRAVONY Daniel, Maître de Conférences à la Faculté des Sciences qui malgré leurs nombreuses occupations, ont bien voulu examiner ce travail avec beaucoup de dévouement. Mes vifs remerciements à tous les Enseignants de la Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale de la Faculté des Sciences pour les cours qu’ils m’ont dispensés. Ils ont bien voulu développer ma connaissance académique jusqu’à l’obtention de ce diplôme. Je tiens à leur présenter toutes mes gratitudes. Mes remerciements s’adressent aussi à Monsieur ROGER Edmond, Maître de Conférences à la Faculté des Sciences, de m’avoir autorisé à effectuer mon stage dans la Nouvelle Aire Protégée d'Antrema. Je suis également très reconnaissant au Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris et au Projet BioCulturel d’Antrema pour leur appui matériel et financier qu’ils m’ont octroyé sans lesquels ce mémoire ne serait pas arrivé à son terme. iii Ma gratitude va également à l’endroit de tout le personnel et aux communautés locales de la Nouvelle Aire Protégée d'Antrema qui ont bien voulu m’aider pendant le stage. Je tiens à remercier ANDRIANJAKA Nary, pour ses précieux conseils qui m’ont été très utiles dans le traitement des données. Enfin, je voudrais exprimer ma gratitude à toute ma famille, mes amis qui m’ont témoigné leur sympathie, leurs soutiens et ont prié pour moi pendant la réalisation de ce travail. iv Sommaire Résumé ........................................................................................................................................ i Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... ii Liste des abréviations et des sigles ........................................................................................ vii Liste des tableaux .................................................................................................................. viii Liste des figures ....................................................................................................................... ix Liste des annexes ....................................................................................................................... x Glossaire ................................................................................................................................... xi INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 GENERALITES ....................................................................................................................... 3 I. METHODOLOGIE ........................................................................................................ 10 1. Milieu d’étude .............................................................................................................. 10 2. Période d’étude ............................................................................................................ 12 3. Climat ........................................................................................................................... 12 4. Espèces étudiées ........................................................................................................... 13 4.1. Position Systématique .......................................................................................... 13 4.2. Caractères morphologiques ................................................................................. 14 4.3. Distribution géographique ..................................................................................
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