DOCSLIB.ORG

UXT Is Required for Spermatogenesis in Mice

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UXT Is Required for Spermatogenesis in Mice RESEARCH ARTICLE UXT is required for spermatogenesis in mice Eric D. Schafler1,2☯, Phillip A. Thomas1☯, Susan Ha1,3, Yu Wang3,4, Keria Bermudez- Hernandez5,6, Zuojian Tang5,6, David FenyoÈ 1,5,6, Margarita Vigodner7,8, Susan K. Logan1,3* 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America, 2 Pathobiology and Translational Medicine Training Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America, 3 Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America, 4 Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America, 5 Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America, 6 Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, a1111111111 United States of America, 7 Department of Biology, Stern College, Yeshiva University, New York, NY, United a1111111111 States of America, 8 Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of a1111111111 Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America a1111111111 ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. a1111111111 * [email protected] Abstract OPEN ACCESS Male mammals must simultaneously produce prodigious numbers of sperm and maintain Citation: Schafler ED, Thomas PA, Ha S, Wang Y, an adequate reserve of stem cells to ensure continuous production of gametes throughout Bermudez-Hernandez K, Tang Z, et al. (2018) UXT is required for spermatogenesis in mice. PLoS ONE life. Failures in the mechanisms responsible for balancing germ cell differentiation and sper- 13(4): e0195747. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. matogonial stem cell (SSC) self-renewal can result in infertility. We discovered a novel pone.0195747 requirement for Ubiquitous Expressed Transcript (UXT) in spermatogenesis by developing Editor: Shree Ram Singh, National Cancer Institute, the first knockout mouse model for this gene. Constitutive deletion of Uxt is embryonic lethal, UNITED STATES while conditional knockout in the male germline results in a Sertoli cell-only phenotype dur- Received: July 18, 2017 ing the first wave of spermatogenesis that does not recover in the adult. This phenotype Accepted: March 28, 2018 begins to manifest between 6 and 7 days post-partum, just before meiotic entry. Gene expression analysis revealed that Uxt deletion downregulates the transcription of genes Published: April 12, 2018 governing SSC self-renewal, differentiation, and meiosis, consistent with its previously Copyright: © 2018 Schafler et al. This is an open defined role as a transcriptional co-factor. Our study has revealed the first in vivo function for access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which UXT in the mammalian germline as a regulator of distinct transcriptional programs in SSCs permits unrestricted use, distribution, and and differentiating spermatogonia. reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All RNA-seq files are available from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (accession number GSE111740). Introduction All other relevant data are within the paper and its Spermatogenesis is a complex process of transformation that requires perfect reliability to Supporting Information files. ensure the accurate transmission of genetic material to the next generation. Failure at any Funding: This work was supported by the National point in this process can compromise an individual's ability to reproduce. One of the major Institutes of Health (R01CA112226) (SL). We challenges for male reproduction is to balance the prodigious production of sperm with the would like to acknowledge the shared resources of maintenance of an adequate stem cell reserve that ensures continuous output throughout life. the NYUMC Genome Technology Center, High Throughput Biology Core (HTB), Histopathology According to current models, it is hypothesized that the establishment of the male germ Core, and Immunohistochemistry Core, which are line begins with neonatal gonocytes. Gonocytes can either differentiate into spermatogonial all partially supported by the Cancer Center stem cells (SSCs), which self-renew [1], or differentiate into A1 spermatogonia, which PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195747 April 12, 2018 1 / 21 UXT in spermatogenesis Support Grant NIH/NCI P30CA016087 at the Laura ultimately become sperm [1, 2]. Gonocytes transitioning into spermatogonial stem cells and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center. The HTB is express the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor NEUROG3 (NGN3), while gonocytes also supported by NYSTEM Contract C026719. The committed to differentiation will express C-KIT as A spermatogonia, skipping the SSC and funders had no role in study design, data collection 1 and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of NGN3-positive stages [1, 3]. While this finding has been instrumental in understanding the the manuscript. establishment of the male germline, little is known about the factors that regulate the balance between gonocytes transitioning to form C-KIT positive A spermatogonia, versus establishing Competing interests: The authors have declared 1 that no competing interests exist. the SSC pool. Asingle (As) cells are thought to constitute the SSC population in the adult testis [4], though recent studies suggest that there is heterogeneity within this population with regard to gene expression and stem-like potential [5]. As first divide to form Apaired (Apr) spermatogonia which in turn divide to form chains of Aaligned (Aal) spermatogonia, connected by intercellular bridges [6]. As, Apr, and Aal spermatogonia are collectively called Aundiff spermatogonia which can be identified by various markers such as ID4, GFRA1, and NGN3. Other proteins that play a role in maintaining the SSC pool include LIN28A [7, 8], ZBTB16 (PLZF) [9, 10], and DNMT3L [11]. The transition between Aal spermatogonia into differentiated type A1 spermatogonia is reg- ulated by retinoic acid (RA) which is required for germ cell differentiation [12]. Exposure of adult Aal spermatogonia to RA induces the expression of various differentiation markers such as C-KIT and Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (STRA8), which mark the beginning of meiosis in spermatogenesis [13]. While these findings have been integral to our knowledge surround- ing the various signals that are important for differentiation versus self-renewal, the factors that govern the balance between these two processes have yet to be elucidated. It has been demonstrated that the UXT (also known as ART-27, STAP1, and SKP2 Associ- ated-Alpha PFD1, NM_013840.3) binding partner unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor (URI) plays an integral role in germ cell survival, and loss of URI ultimately leads to sterility in C. elegans [14, 15]. We have further characterized the transcriptional functions of URI, and determined that its stability is highly dependent upon the expression of its binding partner UXT [16]. UXT is an X-linked gene that is expressed in a number of somatic human tissues [17]. UXT serves as a co-factor for multiple transcription factors (TFs), including GATA4, NF- κB, androgen receptor (AR), and other nuclear receptors [18±22]. It has been shown that as a co-factor, UXT can possess inhibitor functions in certain growth and development pathways, such as seen with AR, and EVI1 [20, 23]. UXT, in concert with the RPB5 binding partner URI, has also been found to regulate AR target gene expression by binding to gene promoters and enhancers [16, 20]. Despite the interaction of UXT with URI and the importance of URI in germ cells, little is known about the role of UXT in germ cell establishment and maintenance [14, 15]. To assess the role of UXT in vivo, we engineered mice carrying a floxed Uxt. Constitutive deletion of Uxt resulted in embryonic lethality suggesting a critical role for this protein in embryonic develop- ment. To address the role of UXT in germ cells, in this report we describe the first knockout mouse model of UXT, which upon specific inactivation of Uxt in the male germline exhibited sterility. We demonstrate that the loss of UXT resulted in a dramatic loss of germ cells in a nar- row time window during the first spermatogenic wave eventually leading to a Sertoli cell-only phenotype that did not recover in the adult. RNA-seq data together with qPCR analysis and immunohistochemical studies revealed downregulation of important genes responsible for germ cell differentiation and entrance into meiosis, as well as those responsible for establish- ment and maintenance of SSCs. This work highlights the previously unexplored role of UXT in spermatogenesis, and demonstrates its requirement in germ cell survival and its potential role in the regulation of specific transcriptional programs governing male germ cell differenti- ation and SSC maintenance. PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195747 April 12, 2018 2 / 21 UXT in spermatogenesis Materials and methods Generation of Uxt conditional knockout mice Uxt F/F mice on a 129/SvJ background were generated by Ozgene (Australia). Genomic frag- ments approximately 7kb in length were amplified by PCR from C57 Bl/6 genomic DNA to generate 5' and 3' homology arms, which included exons 1±2 and exons 4±7, respectively. Exon 3 was amplified
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of Trans Esnps Infers Regulatory Network Architecture
    Analysis of trans eSNPs infers regulatory network architecture Anat Kreimer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Anat Kreimer All rights reserved ABSTRACT Analysis of trans eSNPs infers regulatory network architecture Anat Kreimer eSNPs are genetic variants associated with transcript expression levels. The characteristics of such variants highlight their importance and present a unique opportunity for studying gene regulation. eSNPs affect most genes and their cell type specificity can shed light on different processes that are activated in each cell. They can identify functional variants by connecting SNPs that are implicated in disease to a molecular mechanism. Examining eSNPs that are associated with distal genes can provide insights regarding the inference of regulatory networks but also presents challenges due to the high statistical burden of multiple testing. Such association studies allow: simultaneous investigation of many gene expression phenotypes without assuming any prior knowledge and identification of unknown regulators of gene expression while uncovering directionality. This thesis will focus on such distal eSNPs to map regulatory interactions between different loci and expose the architecture of the regulatory network defined by such interactions. We develop novel computational approaches and apply them to genetics-genomics data in human. We go beyond pairwise interactions to define network motifs, including regulatory modules and bi-fan structures, showing them to be prevalent in real data and exposing distinct attributes of such arrangements. We project eSNP associations onto a protein-protein interaction network to expose topological properties of eSNPs and their targets and highlight different modes of distal regulation.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from [266]
    Patterns of DNA methylation on the human X chromosome and use in analyzing X-chromosome inactivation by Allison Marie Cotton B.Sc., The University of Guelph, 2005 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Medical Genetics) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) January 2012 © Allison Marie Cotton, 2012 Abstract The process of X-chromosome inactivation achieves dosage compensation between mammalian males and females. In females one X chromosome is transcriptionally silenced through a variety of epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation. Most X-linked genes are subject to X-chromosome inactivation and only expressed from the active X chromosome. On the inactive X chromosome, the CpG island promoters of genes subject to X-chromosome inactivation are methylated in their promoter regions, while genes which escape from X- chromosome inactivation have unmethylated CpG island promoters on both the active and inactive X chromosomes. The first objective of this thesis was to determine if the DNA methylation of CpG island promoters could be used to accurately predict X chromosome inactivation status. The second objective was to use DNA methylation to predict X-chromosome inactivation status in a variety of tissues. A comparison of blood, muscle, kidney and neural tissues revealed tissue-specific X-chromosome inactivation, in which 12% of genes escaped from X-chromosome inactivation in some, but not all, tissues. X-linked DNA methylation analysis of placental tissues predicted four times higher escape from X-chromosome inactivation than in any other tissue. Despite the hypomethylation of repetitive elements on both the X chromosome and the autosomes, no changes were detected in the frequency or intensity of placental Cot-1 holes.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Synonymous Mutations Mapped to Chromosome X Associated With
    de Camargo et al. BMC Genomics (2015) 16:384 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-1595-0 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Non-synonymous mutations mapped to chromosome X associated with andrological and growth traits in beef cattle Gregório Miguel Ferreira de Camargo1,2,3, Laercio R Porto-Neto2, Matthew J Kelly3, Rowan J Bunch2, Sean M McWilliam2, Humberto Tonhati1, Sigrid A Lehnert2, Marina R S Fortes3* and Stephen S Moore4 Abstract Background: Previous genome-wide association analyses identified QTL regions in the X chromosome for percentage of normal sperm and scrotal circumference in Brahman and Tropical Composite cattle. These traits are important to be studied because they are indicators of male fertility and are correlated with female sexual precocity and reproductive longevity. The aim was to investigate candidate genes in these regions and to identify putative causative mutations that influence these traits. In addition, we tested the identified mutations for female fertility and growth traits. Results: Using a combination of bioinformatics and molecular assay technology, twelve non-synonymous SNPs in eleven genes were genotyped in a cattle population. Three and nine SNPs explained more than 1% of the additive genetic variance for percentage of normal sperm and scrotal circumference, respectively. The SNPs that had a major influence in percentage of normal sperm were mapped to LOC100138021 and TAF7L genes; and in TEX11 and AR genes for scrotal circumference. One SNP in TEX11 was explained ~13% of the additive genetic variance for scrotal circumference at 12 months. The tested SNP were also associated with weight measurements, but not with female fertility traits.
    [Show full text]
  • Rpb5, a Subunit Shared by Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases, Cooperates with Prefoldin-Like Bud27/URI
    AIMS Genetics, 5(1): 63–74. DOI: 10.3934/genet.2018.1.63 Received: 08 October 2017 Accepted: 05 February 2018 Published: 27 February 2018 http://www.aimspress.com/journal/Genetics Mini Review Rpb5, a subunit shared by eukaryotic RNA polymerases, cooperates with prefoldin-like Bud27/URI Verónica Martínez-Fernández and Francisco Navarro* Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Paraje de las Lagunillas, s/n, 23071, Jaén, Spain * Correspondence: Email: [email protected]; Tel: +0034953212771; Fax: +0034953211875. Abstract: Rpb5 is one of the five common subunits to all eukaryotic RNA polymerases, which is conserved in archaea, but not in bacteria. Among these common subunits, it is the only one that is not interchangeable between yeasts and humans, and accounts for the functional incompatibility of yeast and human subunits. Rpb5 has been proposed to contribute to the gene-specific activation of RNA pol II, notably during the infectious cycle of the hepatitis B virus, and also to participate in general transcription mediated by all eukaryotic RNA pol. The structural analysis of Rpb5 and its interaction with different transcription factors, regulators and DNA, accounts for Rpb5 being necessary to maintain the correct conformation of the shelf module of RNA pol II, which favors the proper organization of the transcription bubble and the clamp closure of the enzyme. In this work we provide details about subunit Rpb5’s structure, conservation and the role it plays in transcription regulation by analyzing the different interactions with several factors, as well as its participation in the assembly of the three RNA pols, in cooperation with prefoldin-like Bud27/URI.
    [Show full text]
  • A Dissertation Entitled the Androgen Receptor
    A Dissertation entitled The Androgen Receptor as a Transcriptional Co-activator: Implications in the Growth and Progression of Prostate Cancer By Mesfin Gonit Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD Degree in Biomedical science Dr. Manohar Ratnam, Committee Chair Dr. Lirim Shemshedini, Committee Member Dr. Robert Trumbly, Committee Member Dr. Edwin Sanchez, Committee Member Dr. Beata Lecka -Czernik, Committee Member Dr. Patricia R. Komuniecki, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2011 Copyright 2011, Mesfin Gonit This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of The Androgen Receptor as a Transcriptional Co-activator: Implications in the Growth and Progression of Prostate Cancer By Mesfin Gonit As partial fulfillment of the requirements for the PhD Degree in Biomedical science The University of Toledo August 2011 Prostate cancer depends on the androgen receptor (AR) for growth and survival even in the absence of androgen. In the classical models of gene activation by AR, ligand activated AR signals through binding to the androgen response elements (AREs) in the target gene promoter/enhancer. In the present study the role of AREs in the androgen- independent transcriptional signaling was investigated using LP50 cells, derived from parental LNCaP cells through extended passage in vitro. LP50 cells reflected the signature gene overexpression profile of advanced clinical prostate tumors. The growth of LP50 cells was profoundly dependent on nuclear localized AR but was independent of androgen. Nevertheless, in these cells AR was unable to bind to AREs in the absence of androgen.
    [Show full text]
  • 35Th International Society for Animal Genetics Conference 7
    35th INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL GENETICS CONFERENCE 7. 23.16 – 7.27. 2016 Salt Lake City, Utah ABSTRACT BOOK https://www.asas.org/meetings/isag2016 INVITED SPEAKERS S0100 – S0124 https://www.asas.org/meetings/isag2016 epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, and measuring different proteins and cellular metab- INVITED SPEAKERS: FUNCTIONAL olites. These advancements provide unprecedented ANNOTATION OF ANIMAL opportunities to uncover the genetic architecture GENOMES (FAANG) ASAS-ISAG underlying phenotypic variation. In this context, the JOINT SYMPOSIUM main challenge is to decipher the flow of biological information that lies between the genotypes and phe- notypes under study. In other words, the new challenge S0100 Important lessons from complex genomes. is to integrate multiple sources of molecular infor- T. R. Gingeras* (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, mation (i.e., multiple layers of omics data to reveal Functional Genomics, Cold Spring Harbor, NY) the causal biological networks that underlie complex traits). It is important to note that knowledge regarding The ~3 billion base pairs of the human DNA rep- causal relationships among genes and phenotypes can resent a storage devise encoding information for be used to predict the behavior of complex systems, as hundreds of thousands of processes that can go on well as optimize management practices and selection within and outside a human cell. This information is strategies. Here, we describe a multi-step procedure revealed in the RNAs that are composed of 12 billion for inferring causal gene-phenotype networks underly- nucleotides, considering the strandedness and allelic ing complex phenotypes integrating multi-omics data. content of each of the diploid copies of the genome.
    [Show full text]
  • Termination of RNA Polymerase II Transcription by the 5’-3’ Exonuclease Xrn2
    TERMINATION OF RNA POLYMERASE II TRANSCRIPTION BY THE 5’-3’ EXONUCLEASE XRN2 by MICHAEL ANDRES CORTAZAR OSORIO B.S., Universidad del Valle – Colombia, 2011 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Molecular Biology Program 2018 This thesis for the Doctor of Philosophy degree by Michael Andrés Cortázar Osorio has been approved for the Molecular Biology Program by Mair Churchill, Chair Richard Davis Jay Hesselberth Thomas Blumenthal James Goodrich David Bentley, Advisor Date: Aug 17, 2018 ii Cortázar Osorio, Michael Andrés (Ph.D., Molecular Biology) Termination of RNA polymerase II transcription by the 5’-3’ exonuclease Xrn2 Thesis directed by Professor David L. Bentley ABSTRACT Termination of transcription occurs when RNA polymerase (pol) II dissociates from the DNA template and releases a newly-made mRNA molecule. Interestingly, an active debate fueled by conflicting reports over the last three decades is still open on which of the two main models of termination of RNA polymerase II transcription does in fact operate at 3’ ends of genes. The torpedo model indicates that the 5’-3’ exonuclease Xrn2 targets the nascent transcript for degradation after cleavage at the polyA site and chases pol II for termination. In contrast, the allosteric model asserts that transcription through the polyA signal induces a conformational change of the elongation complex and converts it into a termination-competent complex. In this thesis, I propose a unified allosteric-torpedo mechanism. Consistent with a polyA site-dependent conformational change of the elongation complex, I found that pol II transitions at the polyA site into a mode of slow transcription elongation that is accompanied by loss of Spt5 phosphorylation in the elongation complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Resources for Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways
    1521-0111/90/2/153–159$25.00 http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/mol.116.103713 MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY Mol Pharmacol 90:153–159, August 2016 Copyright ª 2016 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics MINIREVIEW Research Resources for Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways Neil J. McKenna Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas Bioinformatics Resource, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Received February 11, 2016; accepted May 19, 2016 Downloaded from ABSTRACT Nuclear receptor (NR) signaling pathways impact cellular func- important primary research in this area is a variety of web- tion in a broad variety of tissues in both normal physiology and based resources that assist researchers in gaining an appreci- disease states. The complex tissue-specific biology of these ation of the molecular determinants of the pharmacology of a NR molpharm.aspetjournals.org pathways is an enduring impediment to the development of pathway in a given tissue. In this study, selected representative clinical NR small-molecule modulators that combine therapeu- examples of these tools are reviewed, along with discussions on tically desirable effects in specific target tissues with sup- how current and future generations of tools might optimally pression of off-target effects in other tissues. Supporting the adapt to the future of NR signaling research. Introduction expression of genes across diverse physiologic systems. Processes regulated by NR signaling pathways include mammalian embry- onic development
    [Show full text]
  • UXT Antibody Cat
    UXT Antibody Cat. No.: 30-715 UXT Antibody Specifications HOST SPECIES: Rabbit SPECIES REACTIVITY: Dog, Human Antibody produced in rabbits immunized with a synthetic peptide corresponding a region IMMUNOGEN: of human UXT. TESTED APPLICATIONS: ELISA, WB UXT antibody can be used for detection of UXT by ELISA at 1:312500. UXT antibody can be APPLICATIONS: used for detection of UXT by western blot at 2.5 μg/mL, and HRP conjugated secondary antibody should be diluted 1:50,000 - 100,000. POSITIVE CONTROL: 1) Cat. No. 1211 - HepG2 Cell Lysate PREDICTED MOLECULAR 19 kDa, 18 kDa WEIGHT: Properties PURIFICATION: Antibody is purified by protein A chromatography method. CLONALITY: Polyclonal CONJUGATE: Unconjugated PHYSICAL STATE: Liquid September 24, 2021 1 https://www.prosci-inc.com/uxt-antibody-30-715.html Purified antibody supplied in 1x PBS buffer with 0.09% (w/v) sodium azide and 2% BUFFER: sucrose. CONCENTRATION: batch dependent For short periods of storage (days) store at 4˚C. For longer periods of storage, store UXT STORAGE CONDITIONS: antibody at -20˚C. As with any antibody avoid repeat freeze-thaw cycles. Additional Info OFFICIAL SYMBOL: UXT ALTERNATE NAMES: UXT, ART-27, STAP1 ACCESSION NO.: NP_705582 PROTEIN GI NO.: 24041018 GENE ID: 8409 USER NOTE: Optimal dilutions for each application to be determined by the researcher. Background and References UXT is a novel protein which is highly conserved in mouse. It interacts with the N-terminus of the androgen receptor and plays a role in facilitating receptor-induced transcriptional activation. It is also likely to be involved in tumorigenesis as it is abundantly expressed in tumor tissues.This gene encodes a novel protein which is highly conserved in mouse.
    [Show full text]
  • Combinatorial Targeting of the Androgen Receptor for Prostate
    Combinatorial Targeting of the Androgen Receptor for Prostate Cancer Therapy A thesis submitted to the University of Adelaide in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Sarah Louise Carter B.BiomolChem.(Hons) Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories School of Medicine The University of Adelaide and The Hanson Institute March 2015 Contents Chapter 1: General Introduction ........................................................................................1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................2 1.2 Androgens and the Prostate ..........................................................................................3 1.3 Androgen Signalling through the Androgen Receptor .................................................4 1.3.1 The androgen receptor (AR) ..................................................................................4 1.3.2 Androgen signalling in the prostate .......................................................................6 1.4 Current Treatment Strategies for Prostate Cancer ........................................................8 1.4.1 Diagnosis ...............................................................................................................8 1.4.2 Localised disease .................................................................................................10 1.4.3 Relapse and metastatic disease ............................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Human UXT Blocking Peptide (CDBP3157) This Product Is for Research Use Only and Is Not Intended for Diagnostic Use
    Human UXT blocking peptide (CDBP3157) This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic use. PRODUCT INFORMATION Product Overview Blocking/Immunizing peptide for anti-UXT antibody Antigen Description The protein encoded by this gene functions as a cofactor that modulates androgen receptor- dependent transcription, and also plays a critical role in tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis. Expression of this gene may play a role in tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011] Nature Synthetic Expression System N/A Species Human Species Reactivity Human Conjugate Unconjugated Applications Apuri, BL, ELISA Procedure None Format Lyophilized powder Size 100 μg Preservative None Storage Shipped at ambient temperature, store at -20°C. ANTIGEN GENE INFORMATION Gene Name UXT ubiquitously-expressed, prefoldin-like chaperone [ Homo sapiens (human) ] Official Symbol UXT Synonyms UXT; ubiquitously-expressed, prefoldin-like chaperone; STAP1; ART-27; protein UXT; SKP2- associated alpha PFD 1; ubiquitously expressed transcript protein; androgen receptor trapped clone 27 protein; Entrez Gene ID 8409 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA Email: [email protected] Tel: 1-631-624-4882 Fax: 1-631-938-8221 1 © Creative Diagnostics All Rights Reserved mRNA Refseq NM_004182.3 Protein Refseq NP_004173.1 UniProt ID Q9UBK9 Chromosome Location Xp11.23-p11.22 Pathway E2F transcription factor network, organism-specific biosystem; Function RNA polymerase II transcription corepressor activity; NOT actin filament binding; beta-tubulin binding; chromatin binding; microtubule binding; protein binding; unfolded protein binding; 45-1 Ramsey Road, Shirley, NY 11967, USA Email: [email protected] Tel: 1-631-624-4882 Fax: 1-631-938-8221 2 © Creative Diagnostics All Rights Reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Resources for Nuclear Receptor Signaling Pathways Neil J
    Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on May 23, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103713 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #103713 Research resources for nuclear receptor signaling pathways Neil J. McKenna Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Nuclear Receptor Signaling Atlas (NURSA) Bioinformatics Resource, Downloaded from Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA molpharm.aspetjournals.org at ASPET Journals on October 1, 2021 1 Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on May 23, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103713 This article has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. MOL #103713 Running title: Research resources for NR signaling pathways Corresponding author: Neil J McKenna Room M620 Baylor College of Medicine One Baylor Plaza Downloaded from Houston, TX, 77030, USA t: 713-798-7490 molpharm.aspetjournals.org f: 713-798-6822 e: [email protected] Number of text pages: 21 at ASPET Journals on October 1, 2021 Number of tables: 1 Number of figures: 1 Number of references: 56 Number of words in Abstract: 124 Review: 3613 List of non-standard abbreviations: 17βE2, 17β-estradiol; AB, Allen Brain Atlas; BG, BIOGRID; BGS, BioGPS; CoR, coregulator; CTD, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database; DAV, DAVID; DB, DrugBank; EDC, endocrine disrupting chemical; EG, Entrez Gene; EM, Edinburgh Mouse; ENC, ENCODE; ENR, ENRICHR; ENS, Ensembl; EX, Expression Atlas; GC, GeneCards; GSEA, GeneSet Enrichment Analysis; GtoP, IUPHAR Guide To Pharmacology; 2 Molecular Pharmacology Fast Forward. Published on May 23, 2016 as DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103713 This article has not been copyedited and formatted.
    [Show full text]