NIPAH VIRUS Infected with Nipah Virus Only Through Close Contact with Infected Pigs

AUGUST 15,2018 E-MAGAZINE JULY 2018 EDITION

Lot More On This….. FIRST EDITION motions were moved in the third and Motion of No the fourth Lok Sabha, the maximum  The third Lok Sabha, from 1962 to Confidence 1967 saw three prime ministers -- A motion of no-confidence(non- Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur confidence motion) (alternatively Shastri and Indira Gandhi vote of no confidence , no-  Four of the 15 no-confidence motions confidence motion, or (unsuccessful) against Indira Gandhi were moved by confidence motion) is a statement or CPM leader Jyotirmnoy Basu vote which states that a person(s) in a  Gesturing with his hands, he position of responsibility (government, mimicked Rahul’s actions, providing managerial, etc.) is no longer deemed fit more drama to a 12-hour debate that to hold that position, perhaps because ended with BJP winning the vote by a they are inadequate in some respect, are large margin, its numbers swelling to failing to carry out obligations, or are 325 with 451 votes cast. making decisions that other members feel detrimental. As a parliamentary motion, it demonstrates to the head of state that the elected parliament no longer has confidence in (one or more members of) the appointed government.

A censure motion is different from a no-confidence motion. Depending on the constitution of the body concerned, "No Confidence" may lead to dismissal of The opposition scored a sub-par the council of ministers or other result with its tally reaching 126 as position-holder(s), whereas "Censure" is TRS and BJD walked out. meant to show disapproval and does not result in the resignation of ministers. The censure motion can be against an Variations  There are a number of variations in individual minister or a group of this procedure in parliaments. ministers, but the no-confidence motion is directed against the entire cabinet.  In some countries a motion of no Again, depending on the applicable rules, confidence can be directed at the censure motions may need to state government collectively or at any Hence the no-confidence exercise of individual member, including the prime minister. House merely becomes the no-confidence exercise of the Party  In Spain it is presented by the prime minister after consultation. No-confidence motion against PM Modi  Sometimes motions of no confidence are proposed even though they have 27th in history no likelihood of passage, simply to HIGHLIGHTS pressure a government or to embarrass its own critics, who may  According to details available with Lok for political reasons decide not to vote Sabha secretariat, six no-confidence against it

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 2 No. of Percentage Party Name Members (%)

Jammu and Kashmir National 1 0.19

Conference(J&KNC)

Jammu and Kashmir Peoples 1 0.19

Democratic Party(J&KPDP)

Janata Dal (Secular)(JD(S)) 1 0.19

Revolutionary Socialist Party(RSP) 1 0.19

Sikkim Democratic Front(SDF) 1 0.19

Rashtriya Lok Dal(RLD) 1 0.19

National Peoples Party(NPP) 1 0.19 No. of Percentage Party Name Members (%) Pattali Makkal Katchi(PMK) 1 0.19

Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) 273 51.22 Swabhimani Paksha(SWP) 1 0.19

Indian National Congress(INC) 48 9.01

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra 37 6.94 Kazhagam(AIADMK) India-facts on

All India Trinamool 34 6.38  In India, a motion of no confidence

Congress(AITC) can be introduced only in the Lok Biju Janata Dal(BJD) 19 3.56 Sabha (the lower house of

Shiv Sena(SS) 18 3.38 the Parliament of India).

Telugu Desam Party(TDP) 16 3.00  The motion is admitted for discussion

Telangana Rashtra Samithi(TRS) 11 2.06 when a minimum of 50 members of Communist Party of India 9 1.69 the house support the motion. (Marxist)(CPI(M))  If a majority of the members of the Samajwadi Party(SP) 7 1.31 house vote in favor of the motion, the

Nationalist Congress Party(NCP) 7 1.31 motion is passed and the Government

Lok Jan Shakti Party(LJSP) 6 1.13 is bound to vacate the office. Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress 4 0.75  Acharya Kripalani moved the first-

Party(YSR Congress Party) ever no confidence motion on the Rashtriya Janata Dal(RJD) 4 0.75 floor of the Lok Sabha in August Shiromani Akali Dal(SAD) 4 0.75 1963, immediately after the

Aam Aadmi Party(AAP) 4 0.75 disastrous India–China War. All India United Democratic 3 0.56  Prime Minister Indira Gandhi faced

Front(AIUDF) the most number of no-confidence

Independents(Ind.) 3 0.56 motions – 15 times, Rashtriya Lok Samta Party(RLSP ) 3 0.56 followed by Lal Bahadur Shastri and

Indian National Lok Dal(INLD) 2 0.38 Narasimha Rao (thrice each), Indian Union Muslim League 2 0.38 Morarji Desai (twice) and Jawahar Lal

(IUML) Nehru, Rajiv Gandhi, Atal Bihari

Janata Dal (United) (JD(U)) 2 0.38 Vajpayee & NarendraModi(once each).

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha(JMM) 2 0.38  All the no-confidence motions have Apna Dal(Apna Dal) 2 0.38 been defeated except when Prime

Communist Party of India(CPI) 1 0.19 Minister Morarji Desai resigned Nationalist Democratic 1 0.19 during the discussions on 12 July

Progressive Party() 1979 and no-confidence motion All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul 1 0.19

Muslimeen(AIMIM) against Narendra Modi's (BJP) government was accepted by the lok All India N.R. Congress(AINRC) 1 0.19 sabha speaker, but was defeated.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 3

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 4 journal that emphasizes the need for CLIMATE CHANGE MAY ecological restoration. CAUSE 60 % LOSS OF NILGIRI TAHR

Google Image of Nilgiri Tahr Listed as Endangered because its population size is estimated to number The Nilgiri Tahr known locally as fewer than 2,500 mature individuals, the Nilgiri ibex or simply ibex, is there is an observed continuing decline an ungulate that is endemic to the Nilgiri in the number of mature individuals, and Hills and the southern portion of no subpopulation contains more than the Western Ghats in the states of Tamil 250 mature individuals. Nadu and Kerala in Southern India. It is the state animal of Tamil Nadu. The present distribution of the Nilgiri Tahr is limited to approximately 5% of The Nilgiri Tahr is a stocky goat with the Western Ghats in southern India, short, coarse fur and a bristly mane. in Kerala and Tamil Nadu in southern Males are larger than females and of India. At the beginning of this century darker color when mature. Both sexes the range of Tahr probably extended have curved horns, reaching up to 40 northward at least to the Brahmagiri centimeters (16 in) for males and 30 hills of southern Karnataka. The centimeters (12 in) for females. Adult animals are more or less confined to males weigh 80 to 100 kilograms (180 to altitudes of 1,200 to 2,600 meters; 220 lb) and stand about 100 centimeters populations as low as 900 m may or may (39 in) tall at the shoulder. not represent pre-human extent of occurrence in elevation. Conservation Actions

CURRENT POPULATION TREND: decreasing  The Nilgiri Tahr is fully protected (Schedule I) by the Indian Wildlife Major Threat(s): Principal threats are (Protection) Act of 1972 habitat loss (mainly from domestic  The creation of Eravikulam livestock and spread of invasive plants) National Park, Silent Valley and poaching. National Park, Mukurti Wildlife Sanctuary, Anamalai & Losing their habitat with increasing Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, climate change. Further, future climate Srivilliputhur Grizzled Giant change, tahrs could lose approximately Squirrel Sanctuary , Kalakadu- 60% of their habitats from the 2030s on, Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, predict scientists in their study in together offer an important degree Ecological Engineering, an international of protection to the Nilgiri Tahr.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 5 some 20 to 40 years ago, but today are very small or non-existence 3) Consider low impact recreational use (e.g. trekking, fishing) of suitable areas, especially where such activities would benefit (and compensate) the local economy for restrictions on traditional activities such as hunting by local inhabitants. 4) Co-ordinate Nilgiri Tahr with other wildlife and habitat conservation

efforts, because the Western Ghats Eravikulam National Park and its are one of India’s major wildlife surroundings have been cited as having areas. nearly 1,000 individuals.

The Tamil Nadu Forest Department is removing exotic monocultures along the periphery of the Mukurti National Park. In addition, institutions such as the Nilgiri Wildlife Association, High Range Wildlife Association, Ramnad District Wildlife Association, Kerala Forest Research Institute, Bombay Natural History Society and the Wildlife Institute of India, are active in promoting SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION conservation of Nilgiri Tahr.

Common Name – Nilgiri Tahr Conservation measures proposed: The Nilgiri Tahr requires continuous study Local Name – Varaiaadu and monitoring, because its small and Zoological Name –Nilgiritragus isolated populations are extremely vulnerable. With proper conservation, Kingdom – Animalia including habitat maintenance and Phylum – Chordata minimizing mortality due to hunting, it is possible that with time, the species could Class – Mammalia be considered no longer threatened, if Order – Cetartiodactyla the following are accomplished: 1) Enact management proposals that Family – Bovidae include the systematic monitoring Subfamily – Caprinae of Tahr populations, as well as possible re-introductions Genus – Nilgiritragus 2) There is good potential for re- It is important that, our focus should introductions in areas such as the be on these conservation units and Kalakadu-Mundanthurai Tiger monitor isolated populations. Reserve where several highlands had small populations of Tahr

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 6 NIPAH VIRUS infected with Nipah virus only through close contact with infected pigs. The NiV Transmission of Nipah virus to humans strain identified in this outbreak may occur after direct contact with appeared to have been transmitted infected bats, infected pigs, or from other initially from bats to pigs, with NiV infected people. In Malaysia and subsequent spread within pig Singapore, humans were apparently populations.

Source: Centre for disease control and prevention

Incidental human infections resulted infected patients. Transmission also after exposure to infected pigs. No occurs from direct exposure to infected occurrence of person-to-person bats. A common example is consumption transmission was reported in this of raw date palm sap contaminated with outbreak. infectious bat excretions.

Conversely, person-to-person Infection with Nipah virus is associated transmission of Nipah virus in with encephalitis (inflammation of the Bangladesh and India is regularly brain). After exposure and an incubation reported. This is most commonly seen in period of 5 to 14 days, illness presents the family and caregivers of Nipah virus- with 3-14 days of fever and headache,

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 7 followed by drowsiness, disorientation How can people spread Nipah virus to and mental confusion. These signs and each other? symptoms can progress to coma within 24-48 hours. Some patients have a Nipah virus is spread from person to respiratory illness during the early part person through contact with infectious of their infections, and half of the body fluids from another person such as patients showing severe neurological nasal or respiratory droplets, urine, or signs showed also pulmonary signs. blood.

Where is Nipah virus found? How can people protect themselves from getting Nipah virus? Nipah virus was first discovered in 1999 following a large outbreak in Malaysia People can protect themselves from and Singapore. Sizeable outbreaks also getting Nipah virus by limiting their occurred in West Bengal, India in 2001, contact with fruit bats and sick pigs in and in Bangladesh in 2004. In 2018, an affected areas of Southeast Asia, and by outbreak was reported in the Kerala not drinking raw date palm sap. People state of India, which is currently should also avoid direct contact with ongoing. Other countries thought to be body fluids from infected patients by at risk for Nipah virus include Australia, wearing appropriate personal protective Cambodia, China, Indonesia, equipment such as gloves, gown, and Madagascar, Taiwan, Thailand, Bhutan, facemask, and practicing good hand Brunei, Laos, Madagascar, Myanmar, hygiene. Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, What are the symptoms of Nipah and Vietnam. virus? How do people get Nipah virus? Typically, people become ill between 5 to People can get Nipah virus from contact 14 days after they are infected. Initial with the excrement or droppings of symptoms can include fever, headache, infected fruit bats, pigs, or from other nausea and vomiting, shortness of people infected with Nipah virus. People breath, and may worsen to include can also get infected with Nipah virus drowsiness, confusion, and coma. Death when they consume raw date palm sap (a can occur in as many as 80% of cases. drink found in parts of Asia) that is What is the treatment for Nipah virus? contaminated with bat droppings. At this time, the only treatment for Nipah Do animals get sick from Nipah virus? virus is supportive care. There are no The main reservoir, or carrier, animal of antivirals or other medicines that have Nipah virus is a species of fruit bat found been found to conclusively treat Nipah in Southeast Asia. Fruit bats do not get virus infection in people. sick from Nipah virus. However, they can Is there a vaccine for Nipah virus? pass the virus to other animals such as pigs, which can get sick. These animals There is currently no vaccine available can then pass the virus along to people. for Nipah virus.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 8

For nursery and KG students, the happiness classes will be held twice a week. The ‘Happiness Curriculum’ – which will focus on activity-based learning, value based education and Mental ‘Happiness Curriculum’ for exercises has 20 stories and 40 activities school students launched by for students of classes 6-8. Delhi Government Gratitude Wall One such activity is titled ‘Gratitude In 2018-19, many new initiatives have Wall’ and is aimed at making students been planned to be introduced by the understand the importance of thanking Delhi Government. others. Under this activity, students will These are: (a) to start Happiness be asked to write a few lines expressing Curriculum in all government schools by gratitude to their family members who introducing different activities for have helped them in some way on that students of Nursery to Class VIII and to day. train the young minds to make them The ‘Happiness Curriculum’ was happy, confident and content human launched on July 2, 2018 by the Dalai beings and for developing their Lama at an event attended by chief personality., The curriculum will include minister Arvind Kejriwal and deputy components that will instill self chief minister Manish Sisodia. awareness and care, reduce stress and anxiety, help manage depression, build ability to focus on education & work and encourage creative critical thinking. Such a holistic approach in education will result in building healthy minds of our children that will enable them to lead a happy life. (b) Mission Buniyad to improve language and math skills of students, (c) development of English language and soft skills, (d) Project Smile to identify the learning disabilities (e) Assessment of schools standards & quality rating etc.

From July 12, children studying in Important thing to note is each class will classes 1-8 at Delhi government schools begin with a five minute meditation will spend 45 minutes every day in practice. attending ‘Happiness Classes’ As per the curriculum, the entire focus will be on monitoring and observing the It comprises: Exercises such as status of happiness in the life of child. storytelling, meditation and question and Students won’t need to worry about answer sessions. marks or written examinations for the course.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 9 HAPPINESS CURRICULUM SCHEDULE:

FOR Nursery to KG Mindfulness activity/ exercises On Monday & Thursday FOR CLASS I & II MONDAY & THURSDAY: Mindfulness activity/ exercises TUESDAY& WEDNESDAY: Story telling with questions interaction FRIDAY & SATURDAY: Activities & Reflective Questions

FOR CLASS III to VIII MONDAY Mindfulness activity/ exercises TUESDAY Story telling with questions interaction WEDNESDAY Discussion on previous day story and feedback THURSDAY & FRIDAY Activities & Reflective Questions SATURDAY Self expression/ Reflection of behavior changes with weekly self-observation

While many people consider sensory experience as the main source of happiness, really it is peace of mind. What destroys peace of mind is anger, hatred, anxiety and fear. Kindness counters this— and through appropriate education we can learn to tackle such emotions. -Dalai lama

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 10 Another subsidized food The main motto of this Anna canteen is to provide subsidized food to urban canteen ANNA CANTEEN “ ” poor. These canteens aim to tackle launched by Andhra Pradesh hunger in urban areas government Anna Canteen will be run by Akshaya Patra Foundation.

The first Anna Canteen Was named 100 Anna Canteens opened across former Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister Andhra Pradesh by Chief Minister N N T Rama Rao was launched in March Chandrababu Naidu on July 11, 2018 at 2016. It was opened on pilot basis at RTC Workshop Road, Bhavanipuram. Velgapudi in Amaravati. Later, only three more canteens were opened at other Anna Canteens would offer food for the places of Andhra Pradesh. Now State poor launched in Urban Local Bodies Government of Andhra Pradesh has (ULBs) across Andhra Pradesh on July come out with plan to set up 203 ‘Anna 11, 2018. Canteens’ across the state.

About 100 canteens were opened in 35 ORIGIN OF SUBSIDIZED CANTEEN ULBs in the first phase. Tamil Nadu is first state of launch ‘Amma’ canteens in February 2013 in Chennai.

Success of Amma canteen had inspired other states to adopt the concept of subsidized food canteens like Rajasthan (Annapurna Rasoi Yojana), Madhya Pradesh (Deendayal canteens), Anna Canteens would serve breakfast, Delhi (Aam Aadmi canteens), Odisha, lunch and dinner for just ₹5 a plate on and Karnataka have started their own week days. subsidized food canteens.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 11 PUBLIC AFFAIRS INDEX THEMES: HUMAN CAPITAL Governance in the States of India

SUPPORT TO HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY

THEMES: NATURAL CAPITAL

Public Affairs Index (PAI) is a data driven platform to rank the 30 States of ENVIRONMENT India from the lens of governance. While it is a complex task to rank the Indian states which are economically, culturally and socially so diverse, Public Affairs THEMES: SOCIAL CAPITAL Centre (PAC) has developed PAI as a unique statistical tool to evaluate the SOCIAL PROTECTION performance of governance in the States. PAI is largely based on secondary data and has been extracted from Union

Government Ministries and

Departments. WOMEN AND CHILDREN

DELIVERY OF JUSTICE

10 themes, 30 focus subjects and 100 indicators.

CRIME, LAW & ORDER THEMES: ECONOMIC CAPITAL

ECONOMIC FREEDOM NEW THEME

ESSENTIAL CHILDREN OF INDIA INFRASTRUCTURE

The index is released since in 2016 by

FISCAL MANAGEMENT Bengaluru base Public Affairs Centre (PAC), a not for profit think tank which aims to improve governance in India

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 12 PAI SCORE 2018 STATE WISE PAI SCORE 2 YEARS TOP STATES

RANK STATE INDEX RANK 2016 2017 1 KL Kerala 0.526 1 Kerala Kerala 2 TN Tamil Nadu 0.517 3 TS Telangana 0.514 2 Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu 4 HP Himachal Pradesh 0.513 5 KA Karnataka 0.506 3 Karnataka Gujarat 6 GJ Gujarat 0.504 7 MH Maharashtra 0.499 Tamil Nadu has ranked second best- 8 PB Punjab 0.479 governed state for the third consecutive 9 AP Andhra Pradesh 0.476 year since 2016 among large states. 10 GA Goa 0.467 2018 PAI included new separate index 11 HR Haryana 0.465 on children of India, giving measure of 12 MZ Mizoram 0.463 how child-friendly each of the states are. 13 SK Sikkim 0.456 In this category of providing better 14 TR Tripura 0.455 living conditions for all children; 15 CG Chhattisgarh 0.446 Kerala, Himachal Pradesh and Mizoram 16 UK Uttarakhand 0.444 topped the index. 17 RJ Rajasthan 0.44 18 AS Assam 0.435 19 WB West Bengal 0.43 20 AR Arunachal Pradesh 0.421 JK Jammu and 21 0.414 Kashmir 22 DL Delhi 0.408 23 NL Nagaland 0.403 24 OD Odisha 0.401 25 UP Uttar Pradesh 0.401 The poor performers consistently perform 26 MP Madhya Pradesh 0.398 poorly, and their progress has been slow 27 MN Manipur 0.393 and tardy. The states that have done 28 JH Jharkhand 0.389 well; have also done well consistently over the years. 29 ML Meghalaya 0.379 Kerala moves in an orbit of its own. On 30 BR Bihar 0.339 the other hand, states like Bihar and According to Public Affairs Index (PAI) Jharkhand are yet to unleash the 2018, among the 30 states Kerala tops potential of their people and they remain the list as best-governed state in the cut off from the fruits of inclusive country followed by Tamil Nadu which development that could so easily be ranks second best-governed state. theirs. Kerala has topped PAI as the best- The idea of India has to be in the hearts governed state for the third consecutive of each one of us: an idea that will year since 2016 among large states. liberate our spirits and make us who we Bihar ranked the lowest, indicating so yearn to be. And we must say to higher social and economic inequalities ourselves: yes, we can! We repeat the call in the states. of our national poet, Rabindranath Tagore when he wrote, “into that heaven of freedom, my father, let my country awake.’

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 13 STAY HEALTHY; STAY HAPPY President George Bush signed S.J. RES. DOCTOR’S DAY #366 (which became Public Law 101- 473) designating March 30th as "National Doctor's Day."

CELEBRATING NATIONAL NATION DOCTOR’S DAY BRAZIL OCTOBER 18 CUBA DECEMBER 3 INDIA JULY 1 IRAN AUGUST 23 NEPAL MARCH 4 UNITED STATES MARCH 30 VIETNAM FEBRUARY 27/28 National Doctors' Day; Observed by Various countries (Date Varies country to country) to recognize the contributions of physicians to individual lives and communities. In some nations the day is marked as a holiday. Although supposed to be celebrated by patients in and benefactors of the healthcare industry it is usually celebrated by health care organizations. Staff may organize a Red Carnations are the symbolic lunch for doctors to present the flower of National Doctor’s Day physicians with tokens of recognition.

Historically, a card or red carnation may SYMBOL OF MEDICINE be sent to physicians and their spouses, Only 6% of doctors knew the real along with a flower being placed on the symbol of medicine, “Staff of graves of deceased physicians. Asclepius” History of National Doctors' Day A common misconception of the The first Doctor's Day observance was caduceus as the symbol of medicine, March 30, 1933 in Winder, Georgia. instead of the staff of Asclepius, as it is Eudora Brown Almond, wife of Dr. used relatively more commonly, Charles B. Almond, decided to set aside especially in the US. a day to honor physicians. This first The twin serpent, winged staff – observance included the mailing greeting Caduceus cards and placing flowers on graves of deceased doctors. On March 30, 1958, a Resolution Commemorating Doctors' Day was adopted by the United States House of Representatives. In 1990, legislation was introduced in the House and Senate to establish a national Doctor's Day. Following overwhelming approval by the United States Senate and the House of Representatives, on October 30, 1990,

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 14 The caduceus is the staff of Greek God INDIA: Why doctor’s day is celebrated? Hermes. It is winged with two serpents “The presence of the doctor is the coiling around it. It represents Hermes beginning of the cure”. (or the Roman Mercury), the messenger The First Doctor’s Day was celebrated in of the gods, guide of the dead and India in the year 1991. July 1 happens protector of merchants, shepherds, to be the birth and death anniversary gamblers, liars, and thieves. The of the most famous physician of India caduceus is also a recognized symbol of - Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy. It is hence a commerce and negotiation. tribute to his contributions to the health The true symbol of medicine – Staff of domain in the country. Asclepius

Asclepius is the deity associated with healing and medicinal arts in Greek mythology. He is the son of Apollo, the Dr B.C. Roy was born on July 1, 1882 physician. He became so proficient in at Patna, Bihar. He had completed his healing that he surpassed his father and medical graduation from Calcutta and was believed to be able to evade death his MRCP and FRCS degrees in London. and to bring others back to life from the He began his medical career as a brink of death and beyond. physician in India in 1911. He was a In Greek mythology snakes were famous physician and renowned considered sacred. There are many educationist as well as a freedom fighter. theories for the why the snake is part of He joined Mahatma Gandhi during Civil the symbol. Disobedience Movement. Later he “The snake that’s wrapped around became the leader of Indian National the rod may symbolize rejuvenation, Congress and then Chief Minister of because snakes shed their skin, or it West Bengal. could simply represent the healing of He passed away on July 1, 1962; The snakebites.” Medical Council of India instituted Dr. “It could be a reference to a traditional B.C. Roy National Award Fund in 1962 treatment of a parasitic nematode called to perpetuate his memory. The Dr Guinea worm, in which, doctors would B.C.Roy National Award was instituted cut a slit in the skin right in its path in the year 1976 to recognize the best and, when it poked its head from the talents in encouraging the Development wound, take a small stick and slowly of specialities in different branches in wrap the worm around it until it was Medicine. Dr Roy was honored with the fully removed. The infection is relatively great Indian civilian award "Bharat rare today, but the same extraction Ratna" on February 4, 1961. method is still used.”

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 15 By using the cVIGIL app, citizens can promptly report unlawful campaign activities within minutes of having witnessed them and without having to rush to the office of the returning officer. cVIGIL is a simple, android based- Mobile App which is user-friendly and easy to operate. All that one has to do is simply click a picture or a video, describe the activity and upload it through mobile application. This will enable the flying squads to reach the spot in a matter of few minutes. The application connects the vigilant citizen with District Control Room, Returning Officer and Field Verification Unit (Flying Squads / Static Surveillance Teams) thereby, creating a Election Commission of India rapid and accurate reporting, action and launches Mobile App “cVIGIL” to monitoring system. enable citizens to report on violation of election code of conduct. The Chief Election Commissioner Shri. O.P. Rawat, along with the Election Commissioners Shri Sunil Arora and Shri Ashok Lavasa launched a mobile app, called ‘CVIGIL,’ on July 3, 2018, for citizens to report any violation of the model code of conduct during elections. Purpose “CVIGIL” is an online application for citizens to report on model code of conduct violations during the election One App to Report Model Code of period. The application is called as Conduct (MCC) Violation Status in just cVIGIL, denoting Vigilant Citizen and the 100 minutes proactive and responsible role he can STEP 1: play in the conduct of free and fair The citizen opens the application and elections. clicks a picture or records a video. The Photo / Video are uploaded on the app, along with an automated location mapping by the Geographic Information System. After its successful submission, the citizen, who opted for registration gets a Unique ID to track and receive follow up updates on his mobile. A citizen can report many incidents in this manner and will get a unique id for each report for follow up updates.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 16 STEP 2: called cVIGIL Dispatcher, which allows Once the citizen has reported the the field unit to directly receive the complaint, the information beeps in the complaint including the location and via District Control Room from where it is cVIGIL he is given instruction to assigned to a Field Unit (FU). Each FU complete the incidence verification in a has a GIS-based mobile application time-bound manner.

STEP 3: The App Essentials After a Field Unit has taken action, it The app requires an Android messages the action taken report via Smartphone equipped with a Camera, cVIGIL Dispatcher to the concerned good internet connection and GPS returning officer for decision and access. The operating system should disposal. After a Field Unit has taken be Android jellybean and above. The action, it messages the action taken application supports all the latest report via cVIGIL Dispatcher to the Android smart phones. concerned returning officer for decision Benefits of the Application and disposal.  cVIGIL is a convenient and user Foolproof Features: friendly app allowing citizens to  The application is meant only for send pictorial evidence of the Model Code of Conduct Violations. model code of conduct violations in  The app allows the user 5 minutes to their vicinity. submit an incidence report after  Each reported incident is tracked having clicked a picture or a video. and scrutinized from the beginning  The app will not allow uploading of to the end point, thus bringing the pre-recorded images/ videos. accountability into the system.  The photos/videos clicked via this  The immediate location app cannot be saved in the gallery. verification feature of the cVIGIL  The application has a feature that will act as a strong deterrence for allows citizens to file a complaint only miscreants & wrong-doers as they in the State where Elections have can be easily tracked. been announced.  A combination of all these factors  Any citizen who has installed cVIGIL will encourage citizens to keep vigil will find that the app becomes active over unhealthy electoral practices only in the States undergoing and reach its objective of elections. conducting free and fair elections.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 17 Eat Right Movement - Aaj Se Thoda Kam FSSAI-trained Food Safety Supervisors (FSS) and Health and Wellness Coordinators (HWC) at every workplace across the country. The government, under the Ayushman Bharat Scheme, aims to open 1.5 lakh health and wellness centre by 2022, which would be equipped to treat host of diseases, “The Eat Right Movement" aims to including blood pressure, diabetes, empower the citizens by improving their cancer and old-age illness. health and wellbeing. Led by the FSSAI, it is a collective effort, to nudge the citizens towards making right food and dietary choices.

It is platform to provide credible information to help make informed and healthful eating choices. It is built on two broad pillars - "Eat Healthy and "Eat Safe".

"Eat Healthy" is about making healthy food choices. "Eat Safe" is about ensuring food safety from procurement to consumption and disposal of food. The Safe and Nutritious Food

What is the Eat Right tool kit?

The Eat Right tool kit would serve as a supplementary engagement resource to be mainstreamed in the national nutrition and public health programmes. Including components on eating safe such as maintaining hygiene and sanitation and food adulteration, the kit Building a New India has simple message on eating healthy Healthy & Happy India food and avoiding food with high fat, sugar and salt.

What is Safe and Nutritious Food at Workplace?

The Safe and Nutritious Food at Workplace or SNF@Workplace is a nation-wide campaign to help people eat safe, eat healthy and eat right at their workplaces. This initiative promotes safe and healthy diets through its resource book The Orange Book and through

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 18

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 19 . Engage with select Gram Panchayats and citizens in every district and solicit their feedback and recommendation on improving the program implementation

The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) has commissioned “Swachh Sarvekshan Grameen-2018” (SSG, 2018) through an independent survey agency to develop ranking of all districts of India on the basis of quantitative and qualitative sanitation (Swachhata) parameters. This ranking will be based on a comprehensive set of Coverage parameters including district-level surveys of As part of Swachh Survekshan Grameen public places like schools, Anganwadis, 6980 villages in 698 Districts across India PHCs, Haat bazaars, Panchayat and citizen’s will be covered. 34,900 public places namely perception of Swachhata and their schools, anganwadis, public health centres, recommendations for improvement of the haat/bazaars/religious places in these 6980 program and data from the SBM-G IMIS. As villages will be visited for survey. Around part of the Sarvekshan, States and 174,500 citizens will be interviewed in Districts will be ranked for their villages for their feedback and overall around sanitation and cleanliness status. Top 50 lakh citizens feedback will be obtained. performing States and Districts will be Also citizens will be mobilised to provide awarded on 2nd October 2018. feedback on sanitation relation related Objectives issues online using an application developed for the purpose. The specific objectives of the Swachh Sarvekshan Grameen-2018 are: . To undertake a ranking of States and Districts on the basis of their performance attained on key quantitative

and qualitative SBM-G parameters . Engage rural community in improvement Ranking of Districts of their sanitation status through an intensive and holistic IEC campaign . Compare performance within Districts in a State and across Districts and States nationally on key SBM-G parameters . Ascertain the progress of Swachhata on ground through a sample survey in select public places e.g Schools, Anganwadis, PHCs, Haat Bazaars in villages of all the districts implementing SBM-G

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 20 Direct observation (30 %) Service Level progress to be informed by MIS 35% As a part of direct observation, the survey – agency shall be visiting the following places Service level progress of a District will be in each of the selected village: used as available in the IMIS of the . School in the village MDWS . Anganwadi Centre in the village The service level parameters to be used . Public Health Centre in the village for deriving District ranking will include . Haat/Bazar in the village status on: . Religious places e.g. . Sanitation Coverage in the District temple/church/mosque etc. ODF status i.e % of villages that are . Any other agreed in the protocol ODF in the District . Geotagging of SBM-G Assets . Dysfunctional toilets- No/ percentage of toilets that are dysfunctional in the District . Verification of ODF Villages: % of ODF villages that have been verified for its

ODFness The Swachh Survekshan design is presented below:

Citizen’s Feedback - 35% Feedback will be obtained using Community wide open meetings (Khuli Baitahk), Personal Interviews and Focussed Group Discussions. One FGD will be conducted in each village. The survey agency would deploy high calibre personnel to facilitate FGDs and would capture the key elements of the FGD in the hand held device. Qualitative information will be quantified using QIS techniques.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 21 Indian Railways Launches “Mission The issue of Ethics, Integrity and probity in public life have been a Satyanishtha a Program on ” matter of concern all over the Ethics in Public Governance government sector. In this context it is also extremely important that all railway servants adhere to impeccable conduct and integrity at all times. “Mission Satyanishtha” launched on 27th July 2018 aims at sensitizing all railway employees about the need to adhere to good ethics and to maintain high standards of integrity at work. Talks and Lectures on the subject are being In first of its kind event held by any organised all over the Indian Railways government organization, the Indian today for this purpose. Railways organized a programme on Ethics in Public Governance and Launched “Mission Satyanishtha” at a daylong event held at National Rail Museum, New Delhi, On 27.07.2018. Sh. Piyush Goyal, Minister of Finance & Corporate Affairs, Railways & Coal, administered the oath to the officers and supervisors at the programme.

Speaking on the occasion, Shri Piyush Goyal said “People define an organization and an organization defines its people, hence, work culture has to be improved and transparency brought about, data should be displayed on public domains so as to get constructive feedbacks from the users”. He further added “Lack of interest towards work in any system, may be termed as The objectives of the Mission are: unethical amounting to corruption”.  To train every employee to understand the need and value of Earlier in the day, Sh. Ashwani Lohani, ethics in Personal and Public life. Chairman, Railway Board inaugurated  To deal with ethical dilemmas in life the event and introduced the subject to and Public Governance. the participants. The Senior Officers and  To help understand the policies of Staff members of Railways also Indian Railways on ethics and participated in the event. The event was integrity and the employee’s role in webcast live to all Zonal, Divisional and upholding the same. Production Units from the National Rail  To develop inner governance through Museum. tapping inner resources.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 22 technical assistance and training services provided either directly by the Secretariat, or with its participation. The India became Vice-Chair or regional Secretariat also actively supports its head of Asia Pacific Region of the Members in their endeavors to modernize World Customs Organisation (WCO) and build capacity within their national Customs administrations. The World Customs Organization (WCO), established in 1952 as the Besides the vital role played by the WCO Customs Co-operation Council (CCC) is in stimulating the growth of legitimate an independent intergovernmental body international trade, its efforts to combat whose mission is to enhance the fraudulent activities are also recognized effectiveness and efficiency of Customs internationally. The partnership administrations. approach championed by the WCO is one of the keys to building bridges between Customs administrations and their partners. By promoting the emergence of an honest, transparent and predictable Customs environment, the WCO directly contributes to the economic and social well-being of its Members.

Finally, in an international environment

Today, the WCO represents 182 characterized by instability and the ever- Customs administrations across the present threat of terrorist activity, the globe that collectively process WCO’s mission to enhance the protection approximately 98% of world trade. As of society and the national territory, and to secure and facilitate international the global centre of Customs expertise, trade, takes on its full meaning. the WCO is the only international organization with competence in India became Vice-Chair or regional head Customs matters and can rightly call of Asia Pacific Region of the World itself the voice of the international Customs Organisation (WCO) for two Customs community. years from July 2018 to June 2020. By

becoming Vice Chair, India will be able to The WCO’s governing body – the Council take up leadership role at the WCO. – relies on the competence and skills of a Secretariat and a range of technical and advisory committees to accomplish its mission. The Secretariat comprises over 100 international officials, technical experts and support staff of some nationalities. As a forum for dialogue and exchange of experiences between national Customs  Setting international standards to delegates, the WCO offers its Members a facilitate cross-border trade range of Conventions and other  Securing the international Trade international instruments, as well as Supply chain

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 23 Key activities  Harmonization and simplification  Security and enforcement  Modernization and capacity building

India became member on 15-02-1971

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 24 RBI to issue New 100 Reverse (Back) RUPEE NOTE

Salient Features Obverse (Front) 1. See through register with denominational numeral 100, Latent image with denominational numeral The Reserve Bank of India will shortly 100 issue ₹ 100 denomination banknotes in 2. Denominational numeral १ ० ० in the Mahatma Gandhi (New) Series, Devnagiri, Portrait of Mahatma bearing signature of Dr. Urjit R. Patel, Gandhi at the centre Governor, Reserve Bank of India. The 3. Micro letters ‘RBI’, ‘, ‘India’ and ‘100’ 4. Windowed security thread with new denomination has Motif of “RANI KI inscriptions RBI with colour shift VAV” on the reverse, depicting the ;Colour of the thread changes from country’s cultural heritage. The base colour of the note is Lavender. green to blue when the note is tilted The note has other designs, geometric 5. Guarantee Clause, Governor’s patterns aligning with the overall colour signature with Promise Clause and scheme, both at the obverse and reverse. RBI emblem towards right of Dimension of the banknote will be Mahatma Gandhi portrait 66 mm × 142 mm. 6. Ashoka Pillar emblem on the right All the banknotes in the denomination of 7. Mahatma Gandhi portrait and ₹ 100/- issued by the Reserve Bank in electrotype (100) watermarks the earlier series will continue to be legal 8. Number panel with numerals in tender. As is normal, when a new design ascending font on the top left side and of banknote is introduced, printing and bottom right side supply of these notes for distribution to 9. For visually impaired intaglio or raised printing of Mahatma Gandhi public through the banking channel will portrait, Ashoka Pillar emblem, gradually increase. raised triangular identification mark The image and salient features of ₹100 with micro-text 100, four angular denomination banknotes in the Mahatma bleed lines both on the right and left Gandhi (New) Series are as under: sides. Obverse (Front) Reverse (Back)

10. Year of printing of the note on the left 11. Swachh Bharat logo with slogan 12. Language panel 13. Motif of RANI KI VAV 14. Denominational numeral १ ० ० in Devnagari

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 25 India’s first Internet Telephony telecom licence, to provide app-based Service Launched by BSNL calling service even by using WiFi connection. The telecom service provider will be required to comply with all the interception and monitoring related requirements and calls will be charged by telecom operators and all rules related to normal calls will be applicable on them. BSNL offers Internet Telephony (VOIP) service with brand name “WINGS”. To use the service, customer needs to install a SIP client (soft app) on any of its smart devices (laptop/smart mobile handset/tablet etc.) having internet which will act as SIP phone to make and receive calls from anywhere in India and abroad with any party (landline/mobile). The subscriber uses its parent IMS core Key offerings of ‘WINGS’ service are:- and IP access network of any location for  In areas where mobile coverage is not the voice service through BSNL “Wings”. good but internet is available by any means including Wi-Fi. Using Wings service using Internet service of any operator, customer will be active and make/receive calls.  Wings service APP is easily configurable on Smart phone/Laptop/Notebook by simply downloading SIP Client (Soft App).  Wings Customer can make calls using “In present competitive environment, any internet connection like increase in market share by BSNL is broadband / Wi-Fi / 3G / 4G data laudable. I congratulate BSNL network of any operator. management for internet telephony which  Wings can be provided over Internet will enable consumers to make call Leased Line customer not having without SIM,” Telecom Minister Manoj normal voice. Sinha said, after inaugurating the BSNL  Supports Video calling facility (from service. “Wings” to “Wings”) Using this service, BSNL customers will  Free Mobility on PAN India basis be able to make calls on any network in  Customer can use existing address the country even by using BSNL Wi-Fi or book of Mobile while calling. any other service provider. Telecom Commission, highest-decision making body of the Department of Telecom, had allowed companies who hold valid

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 26 Blood Moon 2018: Longest Lunar What is the Blood Moon of July 27? Eclipse of Century Occurred Unlike with solar eclipses, you need no on July 27, 2018 special equipment to observe lunar eclipses. These latter events, which occur when the moon passes into Earth's shadow, are safe to view directly with the naked eye, telescopes or binoculars.

The moon turns deep red or reddish brown during eclipses, instead of going completely dark. Earth's air also scatters more shorter-wavelength light (in colors The longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st such as green or blue); what's left is the century takes place this July 27. longer-wavelength, redder end of the

spectrum. The total phase of the "blood moon" eclipse of July 27 will last 1 hour and 43 Where and when will it be visible? minutes, during which Earth's natural The timing if this total lunar eclipse satellite will turn a spectacular red or means it won't be visible from North ruddy-brown color. From start to finish, America, though much of the Eastern the entire celestial event will last nearly 4 Hemisphere of Earth will see part or all hours. of the eclipse. The entire eclipse will be

visible from Africa, the Middle East and The eclipse won't be visible to viewers in countries in central Asia. The eclipse will North America, except via webcasts. But be visible from eastern South America as observers in much of Africa, the Middle it is ending and from Australia as it is East, southern Asia and the Indian beginning. Ocean region will get an eyeful, given cooperative weather, according to lunar The time of greatest eclipse will be 4:21 scientist Noah Petro, of NASA's Goddard p.m. EDT (2021 GMT) on July 27, Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, according to EarthSky.org. The total Maryland. eclipse will last from 3:30 p.m. to 5:13 p.m. EDT (1930 to 2113 GMT). There will also be some time before and after when the moon is in the lighter part of Earth's shadow, which is called the penumbra. Including that penumbral time, the eclipse will last for 3 hours and 55 minutes.

July's total lunar eclipse occurs on the same day the planet Mars reaches its opposition, when it will shine at its best in the night sky. This month, Mars will be at its closest to Earth since 2003. After opposition, when Mars will be brightest, it will reach that closest point on July 31.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 27 When is the next lunar eclipse? spacecraft on the lunar surface. Because The next total lunar eclipse visible from LRO is an older probe, most of its North America will occur on Jan. 21, components (except for battery warmers 2019. Totality on that day will last 1 and the like) will be turned off during the hour and 2 minutes, and the eclipse will eclipse, to preserve the solar-powered especially favor viewers on the West spacecraft's battery and keep it safe Coast. That year will also see a partial during the greatest part of the eclipse, eclipse, on July 16, 2019 — the 50th Petro said. anniversary of the launch of the first moon landing mission, Apollo 11. LRO will likely still be operating then, having passed its 10th anniversary of arriving at the moon on June 23, 2019.

Why is it the longest of the century? "What controls the duration of the lunar eclipse is the position of the moon as it passes through the Earth's shadow," Petro told Space.com. The darkest part of Earth's shadow is called the umbra. You can picture the umbra as a cone extending from Earth in the opposite direction to the sun, Petro explained.

"The moon can either graze through the cone, or go right through the middle. That [the middle] gets a longer-duration eclipse," he said. "This time, the moon is passing closer to the center of that cone, and it's therefore a little bit longer than the eclipse we had back in January." [Here’s How Friday's Superlong Lunar Eclipse Works]

Additionally, the moon will be at a farther point from Earth along its orbit, EarthSky pointed out. That means the moon will appear slightly smaller in the sky and will take a little bit longer to go through Earth's shadow.

Petro is also the project scientist for NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), which has been orbiting the moon for nine years. It is best-known for obtaining detailed information on water ice and taking high-resolution pictures of

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 28 National Viral Hepatitis Control further, Shri Nadda said that the Program; Strongly committed towards government has also launched eliminating Viral Hepatitis by Rotavirus vaccine, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV), and the J P Nadda 2030: Measles-Rubella (MR), Pneumonia vaccine and one thing that was remaining was Hepatitis, with this launch we will be offering free drugs and diagnostics for hepatitis B & C. “This initiative will provide laboratory testing and management of viral hepatitis with a de-centralized approach,” Shri Nadda said. “With this initiative, Government is strongly committed to work towards MoHFW has launched the ‘National Viral Hepatitis Control Program , with elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030.” ’ This was stated by Shri J P Nadda, the goal of ending viral hepatitis as a Union Minister of Health and Family public health threat by 2030 in the Welfare as he launched the National country. Viral Hepatitis Control Program to mark the World Hepatitis Day, On July 28. At the function, Shri J P Nadda also released the Operational Guidelines for National Viral Hepatitis Control Program, National Laboratory Guidelines for Viral Hepatitis Testing and National Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Viral Hepatitis. Shri Manoj Sinha, MoS (Independent Charge), Ministry of Communication also released the Commemorative Stamp at the The aim of the initiative is to reduce occasion. morbidity and mortality due to viral Shri Nadda further said that the Ministry hepatitis. The key strategies include has already launched a campaign to preventive and promotive interventions end TB by 2025, five years ahead of with focus on awareness generation, global target. He said that the safe injection practices and socio- Government now has more than 1100 cultural practices, sanitation and CBNAAT machines for rapid diagnosis of hygiene, safe drinking water supply, TB and provides daily regimen with fixed infection control and immunization; dose combinations. He further said that promoting diagnosis and providing the programme has also initiated active treatment support for patients of case finding to screen more TB patients. hepatitis B &C through standardized Shri Nadda stated that the government testing and management protocols with has also launched the ‘Test and Treat focus on treatment of hepatitis B and C; Policy for HIV’ wherein as soon as a building capacities at national, state, person is tested and found to be positive, district levels and sub-district level up to he will be provided with ART irrespective Primary Health Centres (PHC) and health of his CD count or clinical stage. Adding and wellness centres.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 29 The Trafficking of Persons and trial, with approval from the central (Prevention, Protection and government. Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018 Functions of the Bureau: (i) coordinating and monitoring surveillance along known routes, (ii) facilitating surveillance, enforcement and preventive steps at source, transit and destination points, (iii) maintaining coordination between law enforcement agencies and non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders, and (iv) increasing international cooperation with authorities abroad for intelligence sharing, and mutual legal assistance.

Current Status: Passed by Lok Sabha Ministry: Women & Child Development

The Trafficking of Persons

(Prevention, Protection and Rehabilitation) Bill, 2018 was State Anti-Trafficking Officers: Under introduced in Lok Sabha by the Minister the Bill, the state government will of Women and Child Development, Ms. appoint a State Nodal Officer. He will be Maneka Gandhi on July 18, 2018. The responsible for: (i) follow up action under Bill provides for the prevention, rescue, the Bill, as per the instructions of the and rehabilitation of trafficked persons. State Anti-Trafficking Committee, and (ii) providing relief and rehabilitation Key features of the Bill include: services. The state government will also appoint a Police Nodal Officer at the state National Anti-Trafficking Bureau: The and district levels. The state government Bill provides for the establishment of a will also designate Anti-Trafficking Police National Anti-Trafficking Bureau to Officers for each district, to deal with all investigate trafficking cases and matters related to trafficking in the implement provisions of the Bill. The district. Bureau will comprise of police officers, and any other officers as required. It may take over the investigation of any offence under the Bill, that has been referred to it by two or more states. Further, the Bureau may: (i) request the state government to co-operate in the investigation, or (ii) transfer the case to the state government for investigation

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 30 Rehabilitation Homes in each district, to provide long-term rehabilitation to the victims. Rehabilitation of victims will not be dependent on criminal proceedings being initiated against the accused, or the outcome of the proceedings. The central government will also create a Rehabilitation Fund, which will be used to set up these Protection and Rehabilitation Homes.

Anti-Trafficking Units: The Bill also Time-bound trial: The Bill provides for provides for the setting up of Anti- setting up designated courts in each Trafficking Units (ATUs) at the district district, which will seek to complete trial level. ATUs will deal with the prevention, within a year. rescue, and protection of victims and Penalties: The Bill specifies the witnesses, and for the investigation and penalties for various offences prosecution of trafficking offences. In including for districts where an ATU is not functional, this responsibility will be taken up by the (i) Trafficking of persons local police station. (ii) Promoting trafficking, (iii) Disclosing the identity of the Anti-Trafficking Relief and victim, and Rehabilitation Committee: The Bill (iv) Aggravated trafficking (such as provides for the establishment of Anti- trafficking for bonded labour and Trafficking Relief and Rehabilitation begging). Committees (ATCs) at the national, state, and district levels. These Committees For example, aggravated trafficking will will be responsible for: (i) providing be punishable with rigorous compensation to victims, (ii) repatriation imprisonment of 10 years up to life of victims, and (iii) re-integration of imprisonment, along with a minimum victims in society, among others. fine of one lakh rupees. Further, the publishing of any material which may Search and rescue: An Anti-Trafficking lead to the trafficking of a person will be Police Officer or an ATU can rescue punishable with imprisonment between persons, if there is an imminent danger five and 10 years, and a fine between Rs to them. They will be produced before a 50,000 and one lakh rupees. Magistrate or Child Welfare Committee for medical examination. The district ATC will provide relief and rehabilitation services to the rescued persons.

Protection and rehabilitation: The Bill requires the central or state government to set up Protection Homes. These would provide shelter, food, counseling, and medical services to victims. Further, the central or state government will maintain

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 31 countries signed the Lahore Declaration in February 1999, promising to provide a peaceful and bilateral solution to the Kashmir conflict. During the winter of 1998–1999, some elements of the Pakistani Armed Forces were covertly training and sending Pakistani troops and paramilitary forces, some allegedly in the guise of mujahideen, into territory on the Indian side of the line of control Kargil Vijay Diwas is celebrated on 26 (LOC). July every year in honor of the Kargil War's Heroes. This day is celebrated in the Kargil–Dras sector and the national capital New Delhi, where the Prime Minister of India pays homage to the soldiers at Amar Jawan Jyoti at India Gate every year. Functions are also organized all over the country to commemorate the contributions of the The infiltration was code named armed forces. "Operation Badr". Initially, the Indian Operation Vijay troops in the area assumed that the On this day, 26 July 1999, India infiltrators were jihadis and declared that successfully took command of the high they would evict them within a few days. outposts which had been lost to Subsequent discovery of infiltration Pakistani intruders. The Kargil war was elsewhere along the LOC, caused the fought for more than 60 days, ended on Indian army to realize that the plan of 26 July and resulted in loss of life on attack was on a much bigger scale. The both the sides. The war ended with India total area seized by the ingress is regaining control of all the previously generally accepted to between 130 km² – held territory, hence re-establishing the 200 km². status quo ante bellum.

The Government of India responded with 2018:19th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Operation Vijay, a mobilization of Diwas 200,000 Indian troops. The war came After the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971, to an official end on July 26, 1999, there had been a long period with thus marking it as Kargil Vijay relatively few direct armed conflicts Diwas.527 soldiers from Indian Armed involving the military forces of the two Forces lost their lives during the war. neighbours. During the 1990s, however, escalating tensions and conflict due to separatist activities in Kashmir, some of which were supported by Pakistan, as well as the conducting of nuclear tests by both countries in 1998, led to an increasingly belligerent atmosphere. In an attempt to defuse the situation, both

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 32 PIN Street in Mumbai, Maharashtra under Trade Marks Act, 1999. (PERSON/PLACES IN NEWS) Henceforth no one can use images of the Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers for Abhilash Tomy (39) commercial purposes without consent Name: Abhilash Tomy from BSE or paying it licensing fee. Violators are liable to be prosecuted under Trade Marks Act, 1999.

José Eladio Alcaín

Born: February 5th 1979

Nationality: Indian Why in news? Abhilash Tomy of Indian Navy has Why in news? participated in historic Golden Globe José Eladio Alcaín of Uruguay Head, was Race (GGR), which commenced from Les appointed as Chief Military Observer for Sables d’Olonne harbour in western United Nations Military Observer Group France .He will be representing India in in India and Pakistan. indigenously built sailing vessel Thuriya, a replica of 1950s sailing vessel Suhaili. The race is expected to end at April 2019 Vancouver, Canada There are 18 participants, including one woman sailor, in the race. Commander Abhilash Tomy is only Indian to complete solo, non-stop circumnavigation.

Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers

Why in news? The 17th World Sanskrit Conference was held at Vancouver, Canada from 9th July to 13th July, 2018. It was inaugurated by Human Resource Development Phiroze Jeejeebhoy Towers located on Minister Prakash Javadekar. The Dalal Street in Mumbai. purpose of this conference was to Why in news? promote, preserve and practice Sanskrit Stock exchange major Bombay Stock language all over world by the people. Exchange (BSE) has secured image The World Sanskrit Conference is being trademark for its iconic building, Phiroze held in various countries across the Jeejeebhoy Towers, located on Dalal globe once in every three years.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 33 The Victorian and Art Deco Ensemble TCA Raghavan of Mumbai

Why in news? Former careered diplomat Dr. TCA Why in news? Raghavan was appointed as the Director Two building clusters of Victorian Gothic General (DG) of Indian Council of World and Art Deco architectural styles in Affairs (ICWA). He was selected by Mumbai, Maharashtra were jointly Governing Council of ICWA headed by inscribed in UNESCO World Heritage List Vice President M. Venkaiah Naidu. The Having become a global trading centre, post of DG is equivalent to the rank of the city of Mumbai implemented an Secretary to Government of India. ambitious urban planning project which TCA Raghavan is a former Indian led to the construction of ensembles of diplomat who was a 1982 batch officer of public buildings bordering the Oval the Indian Foreign Service He has Maidan open space, first in the Victorian considerable experience in South Asia Neo-Gothic style and then, in the early policy issues and considered an expert 20th century, in the Art Deco idiom. on Pakistan studies, including heading the Joint Secretary the Division of the Adarsh Kumar Goel Ministry of External Affairs in Pakistan Afghanistan and Iran (PAI) division.

Dr. Anil Sahasrabudhe

Why in news? The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has appointed Justice AK Goel as new Chairperson of National Why in news? Green Tribunal (NGT). Dr. Anil Sahasrabudhe is the present Adarsh Kumar Goel (born 7 July 1953) is chairman of All India Council for a former judge of the Supreme Court of Technical Education (AICTE). India. He is a former Chief Justice of the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet Odisha High Court and the Gauhati High (ACC) has approved renewal of Court, and a former justice of the Punjab appointment of Prof Anil D and Haryana High Court. He is currently Sahasrabudhe as the chairman of the All Chairperson of National Green Tribunal India Council for Technical Education. (NGT).

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 34 New 4 members to Rajya Sabha Raghunath Mohapatra

Ram Shakal

He is internationally renowned authority on stone carving. He has been practicing since 1959 and has trained over 2,000

students. He has contributed to He is farmer’s leader and public preservation of traditional sculpture and representative from Uttar Pradesh. He ancient monuments and has worked on has devoted his life for welfare and well- beautification of the Sri Jagannath being of Dalit community. He is widely Temple, Puri. His famous works include He is widely respected for championing 6-feet-high statue of sun god carved in cause of farmers, labourers and grey sandstone in Central Hall of migrants. He was three-time member of Parliament and Wooden Buddha, Lok Sabha, representing Robertsganj Buddha Temple, Paris, France. constituency of Uttar Pradesh

Sonal Mansingh Dr Rakesh Sinha

She is among India’s foremost exponents He is RSS ideologue Sinha and is the of Indian classical dance. She is also founder and honorary director of Delhi- well-known choreographer, teacher, based think-tank India Policy orator and social activist. She has been Foundation. He was professor at Motilal performing Bharatnatyam and Odissi for Nehru College of Delhi University. He overs six decades. She founded the was also member of Indian Council of Centre for Indian Classical Dances in Social Science Research (ICSSR). Delhi in 1977.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 35 Anjolie Ela Menon Aruna Sairam

Why in news?

Madhya Pradesh Government has Why in news? conferred prestigious National Kalidas Renowned Carnatic vocalist Aruna Samman on noted artist Anjolie Ela Sairam has been selected for 2018 Menon (78) for her contribution to visual Sangita Kalanidhi award of Music arts, the award was conferred in Academy for her contribution to Carnatic recognition of her insightful and sensitive music. Under this recognition, she will portrayal of the identity and spirit of preside over 92nd annual conference to women through her meaningful be held between December 15, 2018 and paintings. January 1, 2019.

Kalidas Samman Sangita Kalanidhi award/title It is prestigious arts award presented annually by Government of Madhya Pradesh. The award is named after Kālidāsa, a renowned Classical Sanskrit writer of ancient India. It was first awarded in 1980. It was initially conferred in alternate years in fields of Classical Music, Classical Dance, theatre and Plastic Arts. From 1986-87 onwards, it was presented in all four fields every year. The award is presented for outstanding achievement in one of the four categories. Some of the previous recipients are Pandit Ravi Shankar, MF It is prestigious award/title bestowed Husain, Pandit Jasraj, Shambhu Mitra, annually upon expert of Carnatic Music Habib Tanvir, etc. by Madras Music Academy. The award’s name has been derived from Sanskrit which means treasure of Music and art in English (sangeetha = music, kala = art, nidhi = treasure). This honor is considered one of the highest awards. First recipients First recipients Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer T. V. Subba Rao Mallikarjun Mansur M. S. Ramaswamy Iyer Category: Classical Music Category: Musicologists Year: 1980-81 Year: 1929

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 36 Ramon Magsaysay Award First awarded in the year 1958 AWARDEES IN 1958 . Bhave, Vinoba

An Indian freedom fighter and spiritual teacher who advocated nonviolence and human right and founded the Bhoodan Movement (Gift of Land) The Ramon Magsaysay Award is an . Chiang Mon Lin annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in governance, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society. The prize was established in April 1957 by the China’s indefatigable government leader trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund who, as chairman of the Joint based in New York City with the Commission on Rural Reconstruction, concurrence of the Philippine successfully increased agricultural government. The award is production in the hands of farmers’ internationally-recognized as Asia's organizations and enriched the quality of Nobel Prize counterpart and is the rural life highest award given to Asian individuals . Dick, Robert McCulloch and organizations.

An American publisher who, through the Philippines Free Press, paved the way for press freedom in the country . Lubis, Mochtar

The Ramon Magsaysay Award, known as Asia’s premier prize, is now on its 60th year of “honoring greatness of spirit and transformative leadership in selfless Editor-in-Chief and part owner of service to the peoples of Asia.” Since its Indonesia Raya who fought against inception, over 330 individuals and government corruption, the violation of organizations have joined the civil liberties by the military and against distinguished community of Ramon the inroads of totalitarianism in his Magsaysay Awardees. country

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 37 . Operation Brotherhood Dee, Howard

A Philippine organization founded to help Philippines meet the medical and relief needs of the Championing the human face of peace, justice and economic growth tens of thousands of refugees and Vatwani, Bharat wounded who were flooding from embattled areas of Vietnam into crowded Saigon and Cholon . Rutnam, Mary

India Restoring health and dignity to troubled lives Vo Thi Hoang Yen

HIGHLIGHTS In 1896, MARY RUTNAM left the country of her birth to serve a people of a different race, creed and custom. For 62 years she applied her heart, mind and her medical knowledge Vietnam with sights and understanding to the Claiming opportunities for the differently problems of the Ceylonese people. Her abled Wangchuk, Sonam greatest contribution has been the introduction into Ceylon Winners of 2018 Ramon Magsaysay Award Chhang, Youk India Harnessing nature, culture and education for community progress Two Indians Bharat Vatwani and Sonam Wangchuk are among six who have been declared winners of 2018 Ramon Cambodia Magsaysay Award Preserving historical memory for healing and justice Cruz, Maria de Lourdes Martins

East Timor Building a caring society brick by brick

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 38

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 39 Education Trainer from Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya, Das switched over to athletics and began participating in short and middle distance races. Hoque introduced her to Gowri Shankar Roy of the Nagaon Sports Association. Later qualified for an inter-district competition and won two Gold medals at the sports meet. Das caught the attention of Nipon Das, an athletics coach from the Directorate of Sports and Youth Welfare during an inter-district competition. He asked her to shift to Guwahati for training. Hima Das's parents agreed to the proposal Hima Das despite their reservations. Describing her Hima Das (born 9 January 2000) is an as a rare talent Nipon Das said that Indian sprinter. She comes from the Hima Das' "dedication and hard work set state of Assam, which is in the North- her apart". She then moved near to East region of India. She became the first Saarusajai Sports Complex and got Indian to win a Gold medal in a track enrolled to the state academy, which event at the World Junior Athletics specialised in boxing and football. Later, Championships in 2018. a separate wing was started for athletics.

Career Das competed at the 2018 Early life Commonwealth Games in the 400 metres Hima Das was born in Kandhulimari and the 4x400 metres relay. In the 400 village, Dhing, Nagaon, Assam to Ronjit metres, Das qualified for the final where and Jonali Das, who are rice farmers by she finished sixth in a time of 51.32 profession and she is the eldest of four seconds, 1.17 seconds behind gold children. She attended the Dhing Public medalist Amantle Montsho from high School and began playing football Botswana. In the 4x400 metres relay she as a child. She played the sport with the was part of the Indian team that boys at her school and wanted to pursue competed in the final. They finished a career in football. Later, on the seventh, with a time of 3 minutes and suggestion of Shamsul Haque, a Physical 33.61 seconds.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 40 Das became the first Indian track In 2018, after Hima won IAAF gold athlete to hold a global title on medal, Nikhil Uzgare the vocalist from winning the Gold medal at the World UAE based rock band Point of View and U-20 Championships 2018 at Tampere, Indian singer Nishita Charles Finland, in Women's 400m with a time of recomposed a famous Bollywood song 51.46 seconds. called "Aashayein" to pay the tribute to Hima. MEDAL TABLE IAAF WORLD U20 CHAMPIONSHIPS @TAMPERE 2018

RANK COUNTRY G S B TOTAL Having run a slower first half, Das 1 KENYA 6 4 1 11 accelerated on the last 100 meter stretch 2 JAMAICA 4 5 3 12 overtaking three competitors en route to the gold medal. Das is now part of a 3 UNITED 3 8 7 18 group of Indian athletes who have won STATES medals at the World U20 18 INDIA 1 0 0 1 Championships, which includes Seema Punia (Bronze, Discus throw), Navjeet Note: G-GOLD, S-SILVER, B-BRONZE Kaur Dhillon (Bronze, Discus throw) and IAAF World U20 Championships Neeraj Chopra (Gold, Javelin throw) The women's 400 metres at the 2018 The IAAF World U20 Championships is a IAAF World U20 Championships was biennial world championship for the held at Ratina Stadium on 10, 11 and sport of athletics organized by the 12 July International Association of Athletics Federations, contested by athletes in the under-20 athletics age category (19 years old or younger on 31 December in the year of the competition.

Year Host Country Stadium

UNITED Eugene 2014 STATES (Hayward Field)

2016 POLAND Bydgoszcz (Stadion Zawisza) 2018 FINLAND Tampere (Ratina Stadium) 2020 Kenya Nairobi (Moi International Sports Centre)

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 41 SPORTS Dipa Karmakar

Why in news?

India’s leading gymnasts Dipa Karmakar Satyarup Siddhanta created history by becoming first Indian gymnast to win gold medal in the vault event of FIG Artistic Gymnastic Gymnastics World Challenge Cup at Mersin, Turkey. This is her first medal in World Challenge Cup. Dipa Karmakar scored 14.150 to clinch the gold medal. Indonesia’s won silver medal with 13.400 points followed by Turkey’s Goksu Uctas Sanli who clinched bronze medal with score of 13.200. Dipa also topped Why in news? qualification with score of 13.400. Satyarup Siddhanta has become second About Dipa Karmakar Indian mountaineer after Malli Mastan Karmakar first gained attention when Babu to climb Mt Ojos del Salado she won a bronze medal at the 2014 (6893 m), the highest volcano in the Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, world on Argentina-Chile border. becoming the first Indian female gymnast He is certified mountaineer from to do so in the history of the Games. She Himalayan Mountaineering Institute, also won a bronze medal at the Asian Darjeeling. He has skied last degree to Gymnastics Championships and finished South Pole by covering distance of 111 fifth at the 2015 World Artistic km. In December 2017 he summited Gymnastics Championships, both firsts Vinson Massif, becoming only fifth for her country. Indian civilian to complete the seven Karmakar represented India at the 2016 summits (Messner’s List) Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, becoming the first Indian female gymnast ever to compete in the Olympics, and the first Indian gymnast to do so in 52 years. She attained fourth position in Women's Vault Gymnastics event at Rio, with an overall score of 15.066. Karmakar is a recipient of the Padma Shri, For her performance in Rio Olympics 2016, the Government of India conferred upon her the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in August 2016.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 42 2018 Wimbledon Championships Men's Doubles Winners: Mike Bryan / Jack Sock Runner up: Raven Klaasen / Michael Venus

Women's Doubles Winners: Barbora Krejčíková / Kateřina Siniaková The 2018 Wimbledon Championships Runner up: was a Grand Slam tennis tournament Nicole Melichar / Květa Peschke which took place at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Mixed Doubles Wimbledon, London, United Kingdom. Winners: The main tournament began on Monday, Alexander Peya / Nicole Melichar 2 July 2018 and finished on Sunday, 15 Runner up: July 2018. Jamie Murray / Victoria Azarenka

The 2018 tournament was the 132nd WIMBLEDON edition of The Championships, the 125th staging of the Ladies’ Singles Championship event

2018 Wimbledon Championships (Men's Singles) Founded: 1877; 141 years ago WINNER RUNNER UP Editions: 132 (2018) Location: London, England, UK Novak Djokovic Kevin Anderson Venue: The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely regarded as the most prestigious. It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, Serbia South Africa since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts. (Women’s Singles) Four Grand Slam WINNER RUNNER UP Angelique Kerber Serena Williams Wimbledon Australian Open French Open US Open. Since the Australian Open shifted to Germany United States hard-court in 1988, Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 43 Tournament details Host country Russia Dates 14 June – 15 July Teams 32 (from 5 confederations) Venue(s) 12 (in 11 host cities) Final positions Champions France (2nd title) Runners-up Croatia Third place Belgium Fourth place England

Tournament statistics The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international Matches played 64 football tournament contested by the Goals scored 169 (2.64 per match) men's national teams of the member Attendance 3,031,768 (47,371 per associations of FIFA once every four match) years. It took place in Russia from 14 Top scorer(s) Harry Kane(6 goals) June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, Best player Luka Modrić and the 11th time that it had been held Best young Kylian Mbappé in Europe. At an estimated cost of over player $14.2 billion, it was the most expensive Best goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois World Cup. It was also the first World Fair play award Spain Cup to use the video assistant referee (VAR) system.

The finals involved 32 teams, of which 31 came through qualifying competitions, while the host nation qualified List of hosts automatically. Of the 32 teams, 20 had Year Host Continent Winner also appeared in the previous South tournament in 2014, while both Iceland 1930 Uruguay America Uruguay and Panama made their first South appearances at a FIFA World Cup. A 2014 Brazil America Germany total of 64 matches were played in 12

2018 Russia Europe France venues across 11 cities.

2022 Qatar Asia ======The final took place on 15 July at the Canada Mexico North

Luzhniki Stadium in Moscow, between 2026 ======United America France and Croatia. France won the States match 4–2 to claim their second World Cup title, marking the fourth In the year 1942 & 1946 FIFA consecutive title won by a European team. Tournament is canceled due to World War II.

ARUL IAS ACADEMY 44

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