DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparison of the Background Radiation Level Within Kanchanpur District, Nepal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparison of the Background Radiation Level Within Kanchanpur District, Nepal Comparison of the Background Radiation Level within Kanchanpur District, Nepal G. B. Dhami, M. R. Bhatt, J. Khadayat, B. D. Joshi Journal of Nepal Physical Society Volume 6, Issue 2, December 2020 ISSN: 2392-473X (Print), 2738-9537 (Online) Editors: Dr. Binod Adhikari Dr. Bhawani Joshi Dr. Manoj Kumar Yadav Dr. Krishna Rai Dr. Rajendra Prasad Adhikari Mr. Kiran Pudasainee JNPS, 6 (2), 34-40 (2020) DOI: http://doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v6i2.34854 Published by: Nepal Physical Society P.O. Box: 2934 Tri-Chandra Campus Kathmandu, Nepal Email: [email protected] JNPS 6 (2): 34-40 (2020) Research Article © Nepal Physical Society ISSN: 2392-473X (Print), 2738-9537 (Online) DOI: http://doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v6i2.34854 Comparison of the Background Radiation Level within Kanchanpur District, Nepal G. B. Dhami1, M. R. Bhatt1, J. Khadayat1, B. D. Joshi1,* 1Department of Physics, Siddhanath Science Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal *Corresponding Email: [email protected] Received: 23 October, 2020; Revised: 29 November, 2020; Accepted: 27 December, 2020 Abstract We have reported the background radiation of urban and some other rural places of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A simple portable Geiger Muller counter was used to quantify the level of overall background radiation by collecting data of different forty seven (including six urban and forty one rural places) places within the district. Our study reveals that the background radiation level of the study district is below the risk level. The maximum background count values 33.00±4.47 (Mahakali Zonal Hospital), 33.93 ± 1.16 (Mahakali School, Mahakali -01) and 31.30±3.97 CPM (Gha gaon) have been reported which is below the risk level. The observed values of radiation counts at all the sample places indicate that Kanchanpur district is radiation risk free. Keywords: Background count, GM counter, Kanchanpur, Radiation. 1. INTRODUCTION global climate change, and geogenic dust exposure Propagation of energy in the form of waves or such as asbestos and erionite are another sources particles can be referred as radiation [1-3]. There is causing health risk. Many people in developing radiation everywhere around us. Main sources of countries are affected by these health essues which the radiation are: cosmic rays (from outer space), can be prevented or minimized after detailed and radioactive substances on the earth’s surface, and comprehensive research and educational outreach our bodies [4, 5]. The radiating radionuclides found programs [12-15]. in the environment can be divided into three Literature search reveals that the radiation level of general categories: primordial (which formed Kanchanpur district, Nepal is not measured yet. Our before the earth creation), cosmogenic (which study aims to record and compare the level of formed as a consequence of cosmic rays background radiation of different (urban and rural) interaction) and human produced (which formed areas of the district. Some radiation exposure are due to the human activity). Among these, natural constant and uniform (cosmic) through the world background radiation is the most abundant [6, 7]. while the others vary depending upon the local and Cosmic radiation is one eminent part of radiation due to naturally elevated radioactive substances in entering into the earth’s atmosphere from its some local areas. Being deopsits by Chure region surrounding [3]. Alpha, beta, photons and neutrons originated rivers and improper waste management, are most common types of these radiations. Also, we expect some higher radiation at such places. We the fertilizers are considered as technologically have measured and compared the levels of enhanced natural radiation which increases the background radiation within the study district uranium and partially thorium concentration in selecting some urban and rural areas. The radiation environment [8-10]. The radiation exposure levels are recorded little more at the expected areas situations may include deviations from normal than the others. The observed level of natural operating procedures including accidents and background radiation is not more than 33CPM malicious events [11]. The geological residual which shows that the district is safe (below 100 processes such as volcanic emissions, earthquakes, CPM) from the radiation. 34 G. B. Dhami, M. R. Bhatt, J. Khadayat, B. D. Joshi 2. MATERIALS AND METHOD takes place within the district. It is internally Study area and data collection divided into nine local municipal regions. Out of Kanchanpur, one of the two Terain districts of them Laljhadi and Beldandi are the rural Sudurpaschim province, Nepal, is surrounded by municipalities and rest are the municipalities as Dadeldhura district to the north, Kailali to the east shown in Fig. 1. But still there are almost rural and, India to both the west and south at 28.8372° N, areas together with a few urban parts within the 80.3213° E having 1,610 km² area. There is lower district. Some of the rural and urban areas, forty Chure region to the north and Suklafhanta national seven places in total, of the Kanpur district has park (hub of Krishnasar) within the district. A large been selected as data collection sites for this study. variation in temparature, about 40-45 oC during We have collected data from Sepember 2017 to June-July and near abot 10 oC durin December, May 2018. Fig. 1: Map of the study area: Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A simple portable Geiger Muller (GM) counter has computer and spectra have been plotted using been used for the measurement of the level of origin software. background radiation. The direct field observation method was used for data collection purpose. First Geiger Muller Counter of all, the working voltage of the instrument used The IEC Geiger Counter and Rate meter (Model AP (IEC Geiger counter) was obtained by plotting 1884-002; size: 195x100x37mm; weight: 0.42 kg; plateau curve. Then counter was set at the working power: 12V) has been used for the data collection as voltage and data (count readings) were recorded for shown in Fig. 2. This fully portable battery operated sixty seconds each. The process was repeated five instrument has been used to count high energy Alpha times each along all the six directions (east, west, particles, Beta particles and Gamma rays. This north, south, up and down) for all the sample counter has a potential range of 750 volts that can be places. At all the places, data were collected at adjusted and reading range upto four digits with time three different times; morning, afternoon and options 10, 60 and 100 seconds. The counter was kept evening, and their corresponding mean values were at 425V, the operating voltage, and data were collecte taken for the analysis. Finally, the average data for 60 seconds. The GM counter works on the /average counts were calculated for individual principle of a gas filled detector that consists of a gass direction. These data were analyzed using personal 35 Comparison of the Background Radiation Level within Kanchanpur District, Nepal filled cylindrical tube connected to an applied voltage. the tube interacts with the gas and create quantifiable When ionizing radiation such as alpha, beta or gamma charge within few nano seconds. This charge particles enter into the tube of counter, it ionizes the manifests the electric signal that can be measured and gas molecule into the tube. The radiation entered into referred as the counts. Fig. 2: (a) Internal circuit of G M counter (b) GM counter used for data collection (c) collecting data. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Belauri and International Bank of Reconstruction Using simple GM counter, the level of background and Development (IBRD) are main urban (bazar) radiation of different sample places of Kanchanpur areas of district. Average background count values district were recorded in CPM (counts per minute) of these places and thier standard deviations have successfully. The background radiation counts been tabulated below in Table 1. recorded along six different directions have been A bar diagram of the average background radiation averaged. The average values with standard counts of different urban places is shown below in deviation of the radiation counts of the Fig. 3. In the Fig. 3, IBRD lying near Dodha river corresponding places were calculated and are bank, Belauri having brick and sugar factories and, tabulated as follows: Mahendranagar due to unmanaged waste materials Background radiation counts of urban areas are found to have little higher counts than the other Mahendranagar, Gaddachauki, Jhalari, Brahmdev, places. Table 1: Background radiation counts of urban areas of Kanchanpur district with standard deviation and average CPM. S. N. Name of Urban area Mean CPM S. D. 1 IBRD (Punarbas-03) 27.2 2.70 2 Belauri (Belauri-05) 27.65 0.65 Jhalari (Suklaphanta-04) 24.6 1.14 4 Mahendranagar (Bhimdatt-04) 26.85 0.82 5 Gaddachauki (Bhimdatt-10) 23.1 2.36 6 Brahmdev (Bhimdatt-09) 24.60 0.89 36 G. B. Dhami, M. R. Bhatt, J. Khadayat, B. D. Joshi Fig. 3: Bar diagram showing comparison of mean counts of six different urban places. Similarly, forty one rural areas were selected below in Table 2 with their their standard deviation randomly for the observation procedure. The values. Among these places, the radiation level at observed mean background radiation counts for Mahakali Adarsh Secondary school (Mahakali-01) some of these selected rural areas are tabulated was reported little higher than the other places. Table 2: Average background radiation counts of some
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Code Under Name Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total 010290001
    P|D|LL|S G8 G10 Code Under Name Girls Boys Total Girls Boys Total 010290001 Maiwakhola Gaunpalika Patidanda Ma Vi 15 22 37 25 17 42 010360002 Meringden Gaunpalika Singha Devi Adharbhut Vidyalaya 8 2 10 0 0 0 010370001 Mikwakhola Gaunpalika Sanwa Ma V 27 26 53 50 19 69 010160009 Phaktanglung Rural Municipality Saraswati Chyaribook Ma V 28 10 38 33 22 55 010060001 Phungling Nagarpalika Siddhakali Ma V 11 14 25 23 8 31 010320004 Phungling Nagarpalika Bhanu Jana Ma V 88 77 165 120 130 250 010320012 Phungling Nagarpalika Birendra Ma V 19 18 37 18 30 48 010020003 Sidingba Gaunpalika Angepa Adharbhut Vidyalaya 5 6 11 0 0 0 030410009 Deumai Nagarpalika Janta Adharbhut Vidyalaya 19 13 32 0 0 0 030100003 Phakphokthum Gaunpalika Janaki Ma V 13 5 18 23 9 32 030230002 Phakphokthum Gaunpalika Singhadevi Adharbhut Vidyalaya 7 7 14 0 0 0 030230004 Phakphokthum Gaunpalika Jalpa Ma V 17 25 42 25 23 48 030330008 Phakphokthum Gaunpalika Khambang Ma V 5 4 9 1 2 3 030030001 Ilam Municipality Amar Secondary School 26 14 40 62 48 110 030030005 Ilam Municipality Barbote Basic School 9 9 18 0 0 0 030030011 Ilam Municipality Shree Saptamai Gurukul Sanskrit Vidyashram Secondary School 0 17 17 1 12 13 030130001 Ilam Municipality Purna Smarak Secondary School 16 15 31 22 20 42 030150001 Ilam Municipality Adarsha Secondary School 50 60 110 57 41 98 030460003 Ilam Municipality Bal Kanya Ma V 30 20 50 23 17 40 030460006 Ilam Municipality Maheshwor Adharbhut Vidyalaya 12 15 27 0 0 0 030070014 Mai Nagarpalika Kankai Ma V 50 44 94 99 67 166 030190004 Maijogmai Gaunpalika
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2021 (ENGLISH EDITION) (This Report Covers the Period - January to December 2020)
    Nepal Human Rights Year Book 2021 (ENGLISH EDITION) (This Report Covers the Period - January to December 2020) Editor-In-Chief Shree Ram Bajagain Editor Aarya Adhikari Editorial Team Govinda Prasad Tripathee Ramesh Prasad Timalsina Data Analyst Anuj KC Cover/Graphic Designer Gita Mali For Human Rights and Social Justice Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) Nagarjun Municipality-10, Syuchatar, Kathmandu POBox : 2726, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: +977-1-5218770 Fax:+977-1-5218251 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.insec.org.np; www.inseconline.org All materials published in this book may be used with due acknowledgement. First Edition 1000 Copies February 19, 2021 © Informal Sector Service Centre (INSEC) ISBN: 978-9937-9239-5-8 Printed at Dream Graphic Press Kathmandu Contents Acknowledgement Acronyms and Abbreviations Foreword CHAPTERS Chapter 1 Situation of Human Rights in 2020: Overall Assessment Accountability Towards Commitment 1 Review of the Social and Political Issues Raised in the Last 29 Years of Nepal Human Rights Year Book 25 Chapter 2 State and Human Rights Chapter 2.1 Judiciary 37 Chapter 2.2 Executive 47 Chapter 2.3 Legislature 57 Chapter 3 Study Report 3.1 Status of Implementation of the Labor Act at Tea Gardens of Province 1 69 3.2 Witchcraft, an Evil Practice: Continuation of Violence against Women 73 3.3 Natural Disasters in Sindhupalchok and Their Effects on Economic and Social Rights 78 3.4 Problems and Challenges of Sugarcane Farmers 82 3.5 Child Marriage and Violations of Child Rights in Karnali Province 88 36 Socio-economic
    [Show full text]
  • Kanchanpur District
    District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) For Kanchanpur District ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Government of Nepal District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) of Kanchanpur District Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR) District Development Committee, Kanchanpur Volume I Final Report January. 2016 Prepared by: Project Research and Engineering Associates for the District Development Committee (DDC) and District Technical Office (DTO), with Technical Assistance from the Department of Local Infrastructure and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR), Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development and grant supported by DFID through Rural Access Programme (RAP3). District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) For Kanchanpur District ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Project Research and Engineering Associates 1 District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) For Kanchanpur District ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Project Research and Engineering Associates Lagankhel, Lalitpur Phone: 5539607 Email: [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Nepal • FWR/MWR Floods and Landslides Situation Report # 1 8 October 2009
    Nepal • FWR/MWR Floods and Landslides Situation Report # 1 8 October 2009 This report was issued by UN OCHA Nepal. It covers the period from October 4 - 8 2009. HIGHLIGHTS • Ten districts in the Mid and Far Western Regions have been affected by the floods and landslides caused by four days of continuous rain; • More than 40 deaths have been recorded, but the impact of landslides has been most felt in Accham (20 deaths) and Dadeldhura (12 deaths) districts, and that of the floods in Kailali and Kanchanpur districts (source: NRCS); • More than 3,000 families and 18,000 individuals have been affected, and at least 1,000 families have been displaced (source: NRCS); • Regional and district level resources can meet current emergency needs and the District Disaster Relief Committees are coordinating efforts in all affected districts; • Damage to roads and telecommunication systems have obstructed search and rescue efforts, especially in hilly and mountainous districts and remote VDCs in Terai districts. • Over the past 24 hours rains have decreased and water levels in many rivers receded. I. Situation Overview At least ten districts in the far- and mid-western regions have been affected by the heavy rains which started in the far-western districts and moved eastward. More than 40 deaths have been reported up to now, including 12 in Dadeldhura district, and 20 in Accham district (source: NRCS). The amount of rainfall was especially high in Doti and Dadeldhura districts, where it reached 245.7 mm and 227.4 mm respectively in a 24-hour period (Meteorological Forecasting Division website).
    [Show full text]
  • Malaria Update Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal [email protected]
    Government of Nepal Ministry of Health & Population Department of Health Services Epidemiology and Disease Control Division Malaria Update Teku, Kathmandu, Nepal [email protected] www.edcd.gov.np Volume 4, Issue 4 Quarterly Bulletin October-December 2019 Inside this issue Mass Distribution of LLIN | Page 2 Orientation to Private Health Sector | Page 2 Malaria Mobile Clinic | Page 2 Booth Exhibition in APMEN Meeting | Page 2 List of High & Moderate Risk Areas | Page 3 Microstratification Map | Page 4 Glimpse of Program Activities | Page 4 Group picture of district level orientation & advocacy program conducted at Health Office in Kaski district. District Level Orientation & Advocacy Program intensively oriented and discussed on national malaria strategic plan, malaria program activities, recording & reporting, issues & challenges and One-day orientation program conducted their roles & responsibilities for malaria elimination. in 48 risk/potential districts for malaria as a part of advocacy and develop ownership The technical session has incorporated the presentation on basic in local level following the provincial level malaria epidemiology, life cycle of anopheles, sign & symptoms of malaria, program conducted earlier. The program malaria program activities, basic terminologies, mission, vision, goal & was organized by Health Office of the objective of Nepal Malaria Strategic Plan (NMSP), malaria case trend, respective district with a support from process of surveillance & MDIS, recording & reporting etc. Furthermore, JHPIEGO/USAID which was implemented the practical session conducted for malaria testing by using RDT kit. and technically supported by Logistics like RDT kit, antimalarial drugs, case investigation forms/formats, Epidemiology & Disease Control Division guidelines, treatment protocol, MDIS sticker etc. were also disseminated (EDCD) and Save the Children.
    [Show full text]
  • Forests and Watershed Profile of Local Level (744) Structure of Nepal
    Forests and Watershed Profile of Local Level (744) Structure of Nepal Volumes: Volume I : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 1 Volume II : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 2 Volume III : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 3 Volume IV : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 4 Volume V : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 5 Volume VI : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 6 Volume VII : Forest & Watershed Profile of Province 7 Government of Nepal Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation Department of Forest Research and Survey Kathmandu July 2017 © Department of Forest Research and Survey, 2017 Any reproduction of this publication in full or in part should mention the title and credit DFRS. Citation: DFRS, 2017. Forests and Watershed Profile of Local Level (744) Structure of Nepal. Department of Forest Research and Survey (DFRS). Kathmandu, Nepal Prepared by: Coordinator : Dr. Deepak Kumar Kharal, DG, DFRS Member : Dr. Prem Poudel, Under-secretary, DSCWM Member : Rabindra Maharjan, Under-secretary, DoF Member : Shiva Khanal, Under-secretary, DFRS Member : Raj Kumar Rimal, AFO, DoF Member Secretary : Amul Kumar Acharya, ARO, DFRS Published by: Department of Forest Research and Survey P. O. Box 3339, Babarmahal Kathmandu, Nepal Tel: 977-1-4233510 Fax: 977-1-4220159 Email: [email protected] Web: www.dfrs.gov.np Cover map: Front cover: Map of Forest Cover of Nepal FOREWORD Forest of Nepal has been a long standing key natural resource supporting nation's economy in many ways. Forests resources have significant contribution to ecosystem balance and livelihood of large portion of population in Nepal. Sustainable management of forest resources is essential to support overall development goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal
    SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics SMALL AREA ESTIMATION OF FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNUTRITION IN NEPAL GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL National Planning Commission Secretariat Central Bureau of Statistics Acknowledgements The completion of both this and the earlier feasibility report follows extensive consultation with the National Planning Commission, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), World Food Programme (WFP), UNICEF, World Bank, and New ERA, together with members of the Statistics and Evidence for Policy, Planning and Results (SEPPR) working group from the International Development Partners Group (IDPG) and made up of people from Asian Development Bank (ADB), Department for International Development (DFID), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), UNICEF and United States Agency for International Development (USAID), WFP, and the World Bank. WFP, UNICEF and the World Bank commissioned this research. The statistical analysis has been undertaken by Professor Stephen Haslett, Systemetrics Research Associates and Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, New Zealand and Associate Prof Geoffrey Jones, Dr. Maris Isidro and Alison Sefton of the Institute of Fundamental Sciences - Statistics, Massey University, New Zealand. We gratefully acknowledge the considerable assistance provided at all stages by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Special thanks to Bikash Bista, Rudra Suwal, Dilli Raj Joshi, Devendra Karanjit, Bed Dhakal, Lok Khatri and Pushpa Raj Paudel. See Appendix E for the full list of people consulted. First published: December 2014 Design and processed by: Print Communication, 4241355 ISBN: 978-9937-3000-976 Suggested citation: Haslett, S., Jones, G., Isidro, M., and Sefton, A. (2014) Small Area Estimation of Food Insecurity and Undernutrition in Nepal, Central Bureau of Statistics, National Planning Commissions Secretariat, World Food Programme, UNICEF and World Bank, Kathmandu, Nepal, December 2014.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Phytotherapy of Some Medicinal Plants Used by Tharu and Magar Communities of Western Nepal, Against Dermatological D
    TRADITIONAL PHYTOTHERAPY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY THARU AND MAGAR COMMUNITIES OF WESTERN NEPAL, AGAINST DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS Anant Gopal Singh* and Jaya Prakash Hamal** *'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\%XWZDO0XOWLSOH&DPSXV%XWZDO7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\1HSDO ** 'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\$PULW6FLHQFH&DPSXV7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\.DWKPDQGX1HSDO Abstract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¿HOGWULSV$WRWDORISODQWVSHFLHVRIIDPLOLHVDUHGRFXPHQWHGLQ WKLVVWXG\7KHPHGLFLQDOSODQWVXVHGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIVNLQGLVHDVHVE\WULEDO¶VDUHOLVWHGZLWKERWDQLFDOQDPH LQ ELQRPLDOIRUP IDPLO\ORFDOQDPHVKDELWDYDLODELOLW\SDUWVXVHGDQGPRGHRISUHSDUDWLRQ7KLVVWXG\VKRZHGWKDW PDQ\SHRSOHLQWKHVWXGLHGSDUWVRI5XSDQGHKLGLVWULFWFRQWLQXHWRGHSHQGRQWKHPHGLFLQDOSODQWVDWOHDVWIRUWKH WUHDWPHQWRISULPDU\KHDOWKFDUH Keywords 7KDUX DQG 0DJDU WULEHV7UDGLWLRQDO NQRZOHGJH 'HUPDWRORJLFDO GLVRUGHUV 0HGLFLQDO SODQWV:HVWHUQ 1HSDO INTRODUCTION fast disappearing due to modernization and the tendency to discard their traditional life style and gradual 7KH NQRZOHGJH
    [Show full text]
  • The Rufford Foundation Final Report
    The Rufford Foundation Final Report Congratulations on the completion of your project that was supported by The Rufford Foundation. We ask all grant recipients to complete a Final Report Form that helps us to gauge the success of our grant giving. The Final Report must be sent in word format and not PDF format or any other format. We understand that projects often do not follow the predicted course but knowledge of your experiences is valuable to us and others who may be undertaking similar work. Please be as honest as you can in answering the questions – remember that negative experiences are just as valuable as positive ones if they help others to learn from them. Please complete the form in English and be as clear and concise as you can. Please note that the information may be edited for clarity. We will ask for further information if required. If you have any other materials produced by the project, particularly a few relevant photographs, please send these to us separately. Please submit your final report to [email protected]. Thank you for your help. Josh Cole, Grants Director Grant Recipient Details Your name Kalpana Bisht Understanding Ecology and Enhancing Conservation Status of Blue Project title bull in Nepal: A Case study of Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve. RSG reference 14221-1 Reporting period March 2014-April 2015 Amount of grant £5933 Your email address [email protected] Date of this report 22nd May 2015 1. Please indicate the level of achievement of the project’s original objectives and include any relevant comments on factors affecting this.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex 1 : - Srms Print Run Quantity and Detail Specifications for Early Grade Reading Program 2019 ( Cohort 1&2 : 16 Districts)
    Annex 1 : - SRMs print run quantity and detail specifications for Early Grade Reading Program 2019 ( Cohort 1&2 : 16 Districts) Number Number Number Titles Titles Titles Total numbers Cover Inner for for for of print of print of print # of SN Book Title of Print run Book Size Inner Paper Print Print grade grade grade run for run for run for Inner Pg (G1, G2 , G3) (Color) (Color) 1 2 3 G1 G2 G3 1 अनारकल�को अꅍतरकथा x - - 15,775 15,775 24 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 2 अनौठो फल x x - 16,000 15,775 31,775 28 17.5x24 cms 80 gms Maplitho 4X0 1x1 3 अमु쥍य उपहार x - - 15,775 15,775 40 17.5x24 cms 80 gms Maplitho 4X0 1x1 4 अत� र बु饍�ध x - 16,000 - 16,000 36 21x27 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 5 अ쥍छ�को औषधी x - - 15,775 15,775 36 17.5x24 cms 80 gms Maplitho 4X0 1x1 6 असी �दनमा �व�व भ्रमण x - - 15,775 15,775 32 17.5x24 cms 80 gms Maplitho 4X0 1x1 7 आउ गन� १ २ ३ x 16,000 - - 16,000 20 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 8 आज मैले के के जान� x x 16,000 16,000 - 32,000 16 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 9 आ굍नो घर राम्रो घर x 16,000 - - 16,000 20 21x27 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 10 आमा खुसी हुनुभयो x x 16,000 16,000 - 32,000 20 21x27 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 11 उप配यका x - - 15,775 15,775 20 14.8x21 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4X4 12 ऋतु गीत x x 16,000 16,000 - 32,000 16 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 13 क का �क क� x 16,000 - - 16,000 16 14.8x21 cms 130 gms Art Paper 4X0 4x4 14 क दे�ख � स륍म x 16,000 - - 16,000 20 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 2X0 2x2 15 कता�तर छौ ? x 16,000 - - 16,000 20 17.5x24 cms 130 gms Art Paper 2X0 2x2
    [Show full text]
  • Disputed Land Rights and Conservation-Led Displacement: a Double Whammy on the Poor
    [Downloaded free from http://www.conservationandsociety.org on Tuesday, July 29, 2014, IP: 129.79.203.179] || Click here to download free Android application for this journal Conservation and Society 12(1): 65-76, 2014 Article Disputed Land Rights and Conservation-led Displacement: A Double Whammy on the Poor Lai Ming Lama,# and Saumik Paulb aOsaka University, School of Human Sciences, Suita City, Osaka, Japan bUniversity of Nottingham (Malaysia Campus), School of Economics, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia #Corresponding author. E‑mail: [email protected] Abstract The practice of conservation through displacement has become commonplace in developing countries. However, resettlement programs remain at very low standards as government policies only focus on economic-based compensation which often excludes socially and economically marginalised groups. In this paper, based on a case study of the displaced indigenous people, the Rana Tharus, from the Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve in Nepal, we argue that compensation as a panacea is a myth as it does not effectively replace the loss of livelihoods. This is particularly the case when the indigenous community’s customary rights to land are not legally protected. Our ethnographic data support the contention that the history of social exclusion is rooted in the land reform and settlement policies, which deprived the Rana Tharus of proper land rights. The present land compensation scheme resulted in a ‘double whammy’ on indigenous forest dwellers. The legal land title holders on average received less than 60% of their land. Moreover, due to the poor quality of soil in the resettlement areas the average crop yield was less than half the quantity produced before displacement.
    [Show full text]
  • ZSL National Red List of Nepal's Birds Volume 5
    The Status of Nepal's Birds: The National Red List Series Volume 5 Published by: The Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK Copyright: ©Zoological Society of London and Contributors 2016. All Rights reserved. The use and reproduction of any part of this publication is welcomed for non-commercial purposes only, provided that the source is acknowledged. ISBN: 978-0-900881-75-6 Citation: Inskipp C., Baral H. S., Phuyal S., Bhatt T. R., Khatiwada M., Inskipp, T, Khatiwada A., Gurung S., Singh P. B., Murray L., Poudyal L. and Amin R. (2016) The status of Nepal's Birds: The national red list series. Zoological Society of London, UK. Keywords: Nepal, biodiversity, threatened species, conservation, birds, Red List. Front Cover Back Cover Otus bakkamoena Aceros nipalensis A pair of Collared Scops Owls; owls are A pair of Rufous-necked Hornbills; species highly threatened especially by persecution Hodgson first described for science Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson and sadly now extinct in Nepal. Raj Man Singh / Brian Hodgson The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of participating organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of any participating organizations. Notes on front and back cover design: The watercolours reproduced on the covers and within this book are taken from the notebooks of Brian Houghton Hodgson (1800-1894).
    [Show full text]