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Literature of Protest: the Franco Years

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Literature of Protest: the Franco Years Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1994 Literature of Protest: The rF anco Years. Margaret Carmell Gonzalez Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Gonzalez, Margaret Carmell, "Literature of Protest: The rF anco Years." (1994). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 5726. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/5726 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9502112 Literature of protest: The Franco years Gonzalez, Margaret Carmell, Ph.D. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical Col., 1994 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 LITERATURE OF PROTEST: THE FRANCO YEARS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Political Science by Margaret Carmell Gonzalez B.A., The University of Louisville, 1985 M.A., Louisiana State University, 1991 May 1994 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. E. Ramon Arango for his invaluable assistance and guidance as my dissertation director. Dr. Arango helped guide the development of the topics within my dissertation from raw, unrefined ideas into clear, coherent concepts. Beyond that role, Dr. Arango generously shared with me his expertise in the field of Spanish politics and culture, improving the quality and substance of the finished work appreciably. I would also like to thank Dr. Cecil Eubanks, who contributed his considerable knowledge in the areas of theory and literature to my efforts, as well as many hours of his time in discussing the development and structure of the work. His contribution to the scholarly quality of this study is exceeded only by his consistent encouragement and support. I would like to thank Dr. Christopher Soufas not only for his academic work, which I have cited and used as a foundation for my dissertation, but for providing me with alternative perspectives from which to view my dissertation. His discussions with me enhanced my understanding of the work by enabling me to view it within a variety of contexts, both political and literary. My thanks go to Dr. Joseph Ricapito as well, for his contribution to my understanding of the literature as a political body of work, and for his unique personal observations on the Francoist era. I would like to thank Dr. Cevil V. Crabb for the patience he has shown me throughout the writing of this dissertation, and for his pragmatic counsel and support throughout the process. Without the generous assistance and willing participation of the members of my dissertation committee, this work would not have been possible. They spent many hours helping me refine and organize my ideas, and many more reading and discussing the work as it developed. For this and their enthusiastic encouragement, I thank them. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. vi CHAPTER 1 POLITICAL DISCOURSE AND THE LITERARY GENERATION . 1 Political Discourse.................................................................................... 3 The Literary Generation ......................................................................... 6 Sources...................................................................................................... 9 The Tradition of Myth and the Role of R eligion................................... 15 A lie n a tio n................................................................................................. 17 Political Opposition................................................................................. 19 Societal Structure .................................................................................... 21 2 THE TRADITION OF M Y T H .............................................................. 23 The Role of Myth in Society.................................................................... 24 Myth and Unity......................................................................................... 29 Myth of the State...................................................................................... 33 The Role of Myth in Franco’s S p...................................................... a in 35 Myth of the Opposition............................................................................ 37 The Literary Role o f Myth ...................................................................... 40 3 ALIENATION......................................................................................... 50 Literary Alienation.................................................................................... 53 Physical Isolation .................................................................................... 55 Temporal Alienation................................................................................. 62 Alienation through Perspective .............................................................. 64 Alienation through Characterization ...................................................... 66 Lack of Communication........................................................................... 70 4 POLITICAL OPPOSITION .................................................................... 74 Coercive vs. Disruptive Force................................................................. 77 5 SOCIETAL STRUCTURE ...................................................................... 91 Societal Structure in Oppositional Literature......................................... 93 The P o lic.................................................................................................... e 95 The Catholic Church .............................................................................. 97 Role of the Intellectual ......................................................................... 101 The Role o f Women .............................................................................. 106 iv The E lite................................................................................................. 113 The Role of Labor................................................................................. 117 The Role of Societal Structure.............................................................. 121 6 CONCLUSION...................................................................................... 125 Literature and Politics .................................. 126 Depoliticization of S p a...................................................................... in 129 Restoration of the Monarchy................................................................. 132 Economic Modernization...................................................................... 133 Opposition Literature o f Francoist Spain........................................... 136 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................... 144 VITA ......................................................................................................................... 149 v ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between Spanish literature and political opposition under the Franco regime. Chapter 1 introduces the concept of a political discourse that characterizes a historical era, specifically addressing that of the Franco era in Spain. Directly linked to the idea of a political discourse is the theory of a literary generation, united
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