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Ruth Bader Ginsburg, née Joan Ruth Bader, (born March 15, 1933, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.), associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1993 . She was the second woman to serve on the Supreme Court. The Baders were an observant Jewish family, and Ruth attended synagogue and participated in Jewish traditions as a child. She excelled in school, where she was heavily involved in student activities and earned excellent grades. Ruth entered Cornell University on a full scholarship. During her first semester, she met her future husband, Martin (“Marty”) Ginsburg, who was also a student at Cornell. Martin, who eventually became a nationally prominent tax attorney, exerted an important influence on Ruth through his strong and sustained interest in her intellectual pursuits. She was also influenced by two other people—both professors—whom she met at Cornell: the author Vladimir Nabokov, who shaped her thinking about writing, and the constitutional lawyer Robert Cushman, who inspired her to pursue a legal career. Martin and Ruth were married in June 1954, nine days after she graduated from Cornell.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ruth completed her legal education at Columbia Law School, serving on the law review and graduating in a tie for first place in her class in 1959. Despite her credentials, she struggled to find employment as a lawyer, because of her gender and the fact that she was a mother. A time when only a very small percentage of lawyers in the United States were women, and only two women had ever served as federal judges. However, one of her Columbia law professors advocated on her behalf and helped to convince Judge Edmund Palmieri of the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York to offer Ginsburg a clerkship (1959–61). As associate director of the Columbia Law School’s Project on International Procedure (1962–63), she studied Swedish civil procedure; her research was eventually published in a book, Civil Procedure in Sweden (1965), co-written with Anders Berzelius. Hired by the Rutgers School of Law as an assistant professor in 1963, she was asked by the dean of the school to accept a low salary because of her husband’s well-paying job. After she became pregnant with the couple’s second child—Ginsburg wore oversized clothes for fear that her contract would not be renewed. She earned tenure at Rutgers in 1969. During the remainder of the 1970s, Ginsburg was a leading figure in gender- discrimination litigation. In 1972 she became founding counsel of the ACLU’s Women’s Rights Project and coauthored a law-school casebook on gender discrimination. In the same year, she became the first tenured female faculty member at Columbia Law School. She authored dozens of law review articles and drafted or contributed to many Supreme Court briefs on the issue of gender discrimination. During the decade, she argued before the Supreme Court six times, winning five cases. In 1980 Democratic U.S. Pres. Jimmy Carter appointed Ginsburg to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in Washington, D.C. While serving as a judge in 1993 she delivered the Madison Lecture at New York University Law School, offering a critique of the reasoning—though not the ultimate holding—of Roe v. Wade (1973), the famous case in which the Supreme Court found a constitutional right of women to choose to have an abortion. Ginsburg argued that the Court should have issued a more limited decision, which would have left more room for state legislatures to address specific details. Such an approach, she claimed, “might have served to reduce rather than to fuel controversy.” On June 14, 1993, Democratic U.S. Pres. Bill Clinton announced his nomination of Ginsburg to the Supreme Court to replace retiring Justice Byron White. Her confirmation hearings were quick and relatively uncontroversial. She was endorsed unanimously by the Senate Judiciary Committee and confirmed by the full Senate on August 3 by a vote of 96–3. On the Court, Ginsburg became known for her active participation in oral arguments and her habit of wearing jabots, or collars, with her judicial robes, some of which expressed a symbolic meaning. She identified, for example, both a majority-opinion collar and a dissent collar. Early in her tenure on the Court, Ginsburg wrote the majority’s opinion in United States v. Virginia (1996), which held that the men-only admission policy of a state-run university, the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), violated the equal protection clause. Rejecting VMI’s contention that its program of military-focused education was unsuitable for women, Ginsburg noted that the program was in fact unsuitable for the vast majority of Virginia college students regardless of gender. “[G]generalizations about ‘the way women are,’ estimates of what is appropriate for most women, no longer justify denying opportunity to women whose talent and capacity place them outside the average description,” she wrote. The 87-year-old justice and four-time cancer survivor experienced fever and chills on Monday evening. She was later treated with intravenous antibiotics and underwent an endoscopic procedure to "clean out a bile duct stent," according to the court. The latest health scare for Ginsburg has rattled her supporters, who are hoping she will continue to serve until a Democratic president can name her replacement. Ginsburg, who has continued to participate in court business -- including dissents in two major death penalty cases in the last 24 hours -- has said she will continue on the high court as long as she is mentally and physically able. References 1. Ginsburg, Ruth Bader; Harnett, Mary; Williams, Wendy W. (2016). My Own Words. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1501145247. 2. ^ Kelley, Lauren; Kelley, Lauren (October 27, 2015). "How Ruth Bader Ginsburg Became the 'Notorious RBG'". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on January 25, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2019. 3. ^ "Ruth Bader Ginsburg Biography and Interview". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2019. 4. ^ Stated in RBG, 2018 5. ^ "Book Discussion on Sisters in Law" Presenter: Linda Hirshman, author. Politics and Prose Bookstore. BookTV, Washington. September 3, 2015. 27 minutes in; retrieved September 12, 2015 C- Span website Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine 6. ^ Burton, Danielle (October 1, 2007). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Ruth Bader Ginsburg". US News & World Report. Archived from the original on February 26, 2014. Retrieved February 18, 2014. 7. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Margolick, David (June 25, 1993). "Trial by Adversity Shapes Jurist's Outlook". The New York Times. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved February 21, 2016. 8. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g "Ruth Bader Ginsburg". The Oyez Project. Chicago-Kent College of Law. Archived from the original on March 19, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2009. 9. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e Galanes, Philip (November 14, 2015). "Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Gloria Steinem on the Unending Fight for Women's Rights". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 15, 2015. Retrieved November 15, 2015. 10. ^ Jump up to:a b Scanlon, Jennifer (1999). Significant contemporary American feminists: a biographical sourcebook. Greenwood Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-0313301254. OCLC 237329773. 11. ^ Jump up to:a b c Hensley, Thomas R.; Hale, Kathleen; Snook, Carl (2006). The Rehnquist Court: Justices, Rulings, and Legacy. ABC-CLIO Supreme Court Handbooks (hardcover ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 92. ISBN 1576072002. LCCN 2006011011. Retrieved October 1, 2009. 12. ^ "A Conversation with Ruth Bader Ginsburg at Harvard Law School". Harvard Law School. Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved February 22, 2014. 13. ^ Ginsburg, Ruth Bader (2004). "The Changing Complexion of Harvard Law School" (PDF). Harvard Women's Law Journal. 27: 303. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 16, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2012. 14. ^ Anas, Brittany (September 20, 2012). "Ruth Bader Ginsburg at CU-Boulder: Gay marriage likely to come before Supreme Court within a year". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on January 15, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2012. 15. ^ Hope, Judith Richards (2003). Pinstripes and Pearls (1st ed.). New York: A Lisa Drew Book/Scribner. pp. 104–109. ISBN 9781416575252. Retrieved December 27, 2018. pinstripes and pearls. 16. ^ Magill, M. Elizabeth (November 11, 2013). "At the U.S. Supreme Court: A Conversation with Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg". Stanford Lawyer. Fall 2013 (89). Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved July 8,2017. 17. ^ Jump up to:a b Toobin, Jeffrey (2007). The Nine: Inside the Secret World of the Supreme Court, New York, Doubleday, p. 82. ISBN 978-0385516402 18. ^ Jump up to:a b Cooper, Cynthia L. (Summer 2008). "Women Supreme Court Clerks Striving for "Commonplace"" (PDF). Perspectives. 17 (1): 18–22. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 6, 2019. Retrieved July 9, 2016. 19. ^ "A Brief Biography of Justice Ginsburg". Columbia Law School. Archived from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2016. 20. ^ Jump up to:a b Liptak, Adam (February 10, 2010). "Kagan Says Her Path to Supreme Court Was Made Smoother by Ginsburg's". The New York Times. Archivedfrom the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved July 9, 2016. 21. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j Lewis, Neil A. (June 15, 1993). "The Supreme Court: Woman in the News; Rejected as a Clerk, Chosen as a Justice: Ruth Joan Bader Ginsburg". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331.

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