NASA Lunar Science Activities James L. Green Planetary Science Division NASA Headquarters Washington DC 20546
[email protected] NASA’s Planetary Science Division (PSD) program encompasses a broad range of missions to many destinations in the solar system but the Earth’s Moon holds a special place in these efforts. Our planetary science missions are either strategic or openly competed through announcements of opportunity and are led by a principal investigator (PI). In exploring any particular solar system object, NASA has followed a general paradigm of “flyby, orbit, land, rove, and return.” This prescription has been followed most completely for investigations of the Moon and Mars. The Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) will be launching the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) in 2008 in preparation for manned missions to the Moon. LRO is a strategic mission with competed instrumentation to support exploration goals. After one year of LRO observations, ESMD will transition the spacecraft operations to the PSD for its prime science mission phase. The two competitive PI mission lines in the Planetary Science Division are called Discovery and New Frontiers, both of which have the potential to support Lunar missions. Currently there are three Phase-A studies in competition in the Discovery program which includes the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission by Maria Zuber (PI), MIT. The down-selection for Discovery will be announced later this year. GRAIL proposes to use high-quality gravity field mapping of the Moon to determine its interior structure. The New Frontiers program will next be in competition by late 2008 providing a potential opportunity for a sample return mission from the South Pole-Aitken basin.