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Science for Conservation Science of the Institute of Zoology 2005/06 Annual Report LIVING conservation Institute of Zoology Science for Conservation Annual Report of the Institute of Zoology 2005/06 ioz.ac.uk @ www.zsl.org Telephone 020 7449 6610 020 7449 Telephone Facsimile 020 7586 2870 enquiries Institute of Zoology Institute of London The Zoological Society Park Regent’s NW1 4RY London Institute of Zoology mission: To identify, undertake, and communicate PhD Theses © 2006 The Zoological Society of London. Registered charity no. 208728 high-quality research to benefit the conservation Anderson, J. (2005) Evaluating incentives for the sustainable hunting of bushmeat. University College of animal species and their habitats. London, UK. Boakes, E. (2005) An investigation of inbreeding Edited by Linda DaVolls depression and purging in captive populations. Design by newlevel.co.uk University of Cambridge, UK. All rights are reserved, no part of this publication Collen, B. (2005) Mammalian diversity patterns: effects of bias and scale. Imperial College London, UK. may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, Devas, F. (2005) The influence of social relationships on electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise, foraging success in chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). University of Cambridge, UK. without prior permission of the publisher. MSc Theses (Wild Animal Biology) Awarded by University of London, UK Harris, K. (2005) Alloparenting, behavioural patterns and preferred social partners of mothers and infants in captive chimpanzees. i . t Lopez-Jimenez, L. (2005) Patterns of prospecting d s e behaviour in juvenile Egyptian vultures. t e y n u e q IoZ objective 1 IoZ objective 2 IoZ objective 3 Morgan, K. (2005) Microsatellite analysis of inbreeding e r m levels in poxvirus infected and non-infected red squirrels. e l n To undertake relevant, To anticipate and respond to To communicate outcomes and results to p o g high-quality biological research conservation research priorities scientists, conservation practitioners and m Perrett, E. (2005) An investigation into the nutrition of e i l b and research training identified by conservation the wider community captive hyacinth macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) e a l b i organisations relative to health using empirical methods. a e o } v t a Rose, P. (2005) A comparison of husbandry, feed intake s i s i and cause of death of captive giraffe (Giraffa t i y t camelopardalis) in the United Kingdom. h g c e i t h We run a programme of meetings and a IoZ HEFCE funded programme Westbury, A. (2005) An evaluation of the nutritional r w t a publications see page 6: adequacy of gorilla diets in EEP facilities. s Activities n i We undertake research and research training. Current themes are: e y h t • Biodiversity and macroecology see page 10 a MSc Theses (Wild Animal Health) f w r • Population and community ecology see page 12 • Conservation biology book series o Awarded by University of London, UK e published with CUP n • Behavioural and evolutionary ecology see page 14 h o t i • Genetic variation, fitness and adaptability see page 16 Chuei, J. (2005) Restoration of reproductive potential s d r t • Wildlife epidemiology see page 18 • Journal of Zoology and Animal n following expiration or removal of melengestrol acetate e a v • Reproductive biology see page 20 Conservation conraceptive implants in tigers (Panthera tigris). , l l y u We provide training through MSc and PhD programmes see page 25 s g f e • Annual programme of evening Dale, T.D. (2005) Gastrointestinal parasites found in a t A a population of Eurasian badger (Meles meles L. 1758) r . scientific meetings t s in Woodchester Park, south west England: s r Science Plan. The major topics: o a coprological study. h t • Biannual international symposia c (a) Biodiversity patterns and processes see page 2 a r r a on topical themes in conservation o How can we explain and model biological diversity at a range of spatial, Hewitt, S. (2005) Disease prevalence in captive western e b h s temporal and biological scales? biology lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in the United a l e l r (b) People and the environment in a changing world see page 2 Kingdom and Ireland (1896–2005). o r c • Technical publications to support u How can we manage wild species and habitats sustainably alongside d o Horton, D. (2005). Caribbean chytrid: the threat posed c best practice in zoos (International n human population growth and development? f a by chytridiomycosis to the mountain chicken o Zoo Yearbook) and in field s (Leptodactylus fallax) and other amphibians endemic s r t conservation (Conservation Reports) e to the Lesser Antilles. c n e r t r p a • Conservation Science and Practice book s with ZSL We respond to research questions and contribute to ZSL’s Conservation Kent, J. (2005) Prevalance of simian retroviral infections, p a Programmes see page 22: series published with Blackwell simian T lymphotropic virus (STLV) and simian r n i u immunodeficiency virus (SIV cpz) in a colony of a • Bushmeat and forests a o captive chimpanzees, (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) m • Carnivores and people h t in Uganda. i e • Deserts and rangeland e h w t • Marine and freshwater Kilgallon, C.P. (2005) A cross sectional analysis of s • UK native species e two serum markers of bone formation and one serum s s i • Island ecosystems marker of bone resorption in asian elephants r a (Elephas maximus). m We respond to research questions and contribute to ZSL’s living e m Killick, R. (2005) The presence of mycotoxins in wild bird u animal collection: s food exposed to UK climatic conditions. • Animal health and welfare research (cover) e l • Reproductive monitoring As human pressures increase, the b Masters, N. (2005) Perioperative and anaesthetic related r a distributions of threatened species, such t mortality risks in great apes (Hominidae) in zoological s i collections in the UK and Ireland. as cheetahs, are becoming increasingly h } T fragmented, until they survive only in We maintain and develop Our research is influenced by We contribute to the Tropical Millins, C. (2005) Assessment of thyroid gland with meta-populations made up of many morphology in relation to accumulated levels of z Cambridge research links with Zoology and organisations in the Cambridge Biology Association programme and persistent environmental pollutants in the Eurasian otter. small sub-populations. Understanding University other relevant departments Conservation Forum Cambridge Student Conference the dynamics and genetics of these Molenaar, F. (2005) Assessing iron storage disease in meta-populations is key to the long-term black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis): reference ranges o with institutions We maintain and develop Our research is influenced by Our meetings facilities and for iron levels and biochemistry. conservation of these species in London research links with academic London-based conservation issues programme of talks communicate science i bodies, especially the Centre for and conservation Obon Losada, E. (2005) Prevalence of west Nile virus Ecology and Evolution antibodies in captive and wild birds from the United Kingdom. We run MSc courses in Wild Provan, H. (2005) The condition scoring of stranded Animal Health and Wild Animal cetaceans using direct and indirect techniques. Biology with the Royal Veterinary College see page 25 Wijesinghe, C.G. (2005) Reproductive endocrine profiles of the Sri Lankan rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi) assessed by fecal estrogen, with other Collaboration with most relevant Research questions are influenced Our meetings facilities and progesterone and testosterone metaboliten. organisations outside bodies for our core by our formal links with the programme of talks communicate science Zachariah, A. (2005) Evidence of Leptospira interrogans research interests see page 28 Wildlife Conservation Society and and conservation infection in the phocid species of United Kingdom. English Nature Professor Sir Brian Heap was awarded an Honorary Fellowship in 2005 I am pleased to introduce this year's annual report from the Institute of Zoology, ZSL, and to commend its comprehensive coverage of an eventful year to all d our readers and supporters. r The relationship between the University of Cambridge and ZSL for the HEFCE grant that supports the IoZ is proceeding smoothly and productively. This year we were pleased to see and approve the new science plan (2005–2010) which o underpins the agreement. The plan identifies two major areas on which research will focus, and these are presented in this report: 'Biodiversity patterns and processes', and 'People and the environment in a changing world'. These topics w are of high value to both science and policy and, importantly, include topics e on which both University and IoZ researchers are working. Scientific highlights from IoZ this year include topical issues such as amphibian r declines, UK marine mammal strandings, and biodiversity hotspots. In a year when the full extent of global amphibian declines became better known, though o far from understood, it is good to see work here that contributes towards our understanding of the emerging diseases that seem to be the cause of the more f enigmatic declines. IoZ's work in wildlife epidemiology includes a range of studies from very fundamental knowledge on the epidemiology of emerging diseases, through to practical involvement in UK native species conservation and recovery programmes. This year, the latter included the attempted rescue of the Thames whale, something that for a brief 24 hours captured major news coverage nationally and internationally. IoZ researchers have also been heavily involved in some large collaborative projects analysing newly emerging global data sets on the distribution and conservation status of the world's mammals and birds. These data allow assumptions in conservation plans to be critically evaluated for the first time, Contents and have therefore also attracted much interest.

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