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Global Cancer Facts & Figures 3Rd Edition Global Cancer Facts & Figures 3rd Edition Estimated Number of New Cancer Cases by World Area, 2012* 15 14 9 17 16 12 10 3 13 6 7 5 11 20 2 1 19 8 21 4 18 Worldwide* 14,090,100 1 Eastern Africa (287,300) 6 Caribbean (90,800) 11 South-Eastern Asia (786,400) 16 Southern Europe (769,200) 2 Middle Africa (74,100) 7 Central America (197,600) 12 South-Central Asia (1,514,000) 17 Western Europe (1,110,300) 3 Northern Africa (220,600) 8 South America (807,700) 13 Western Asia (317,600) 18 Australia/New Zealand (143,400) 4 Southern Africa (82,900) 9 Northern America (1,786,400) 14 Central and Eastern Europe (1,036,900) 19 Melanesia (10,000) 5 Western Africa (182,100) 10 Eastern Asia (4,145,000) 15 Northern Europe (525,900) 20 Micronesia (800) 21 Polynesia (1,200) *Region estimates do not sum to the worldwide estimate due to calculation method. Source: GLOBOCAN 2012. Special Section: Female Breast Cancer see page 37 Contents Basic Cancer Facts 1 What Is Cancer? 1 How Many New Cancer Cases and Deaths Occurred in 2012 Worldwide? 1 What Factors Contribute to Geographic Variation in Cancer Occurrence? 3 Can Cancer Be Prevented? 6 Who Is at Risk of Developing Cancer? 6 What Percentage of People Will Survive Cancer? 7 How Is Cancer Staged? 8 What Are the Costs of Cancer? 8 Interventions for Cancer Prevention and Control 8 Selected Cancers 12 Breast (see Special Section on page 37) 12 Childhood Cancer 12 Colon and Rectum 14 Esophagus 16 Liver 18 Lung and Bronchus 21 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 24 Prostate 26 Stomach 28 Urinary Bladder 32 Uterine Cervix 34 Special Section: Global Breast Cancer 37 The Global Fight against Cancer 52 Sources of Statistics 53 References 57 This publication would not have been possible without the contributions of the International Agency for Research on Cancer and its work in producing GLOBOCAN 2012 (globocan.iarc.fr) alongside the work of cancer registrars worldwide. Corporate Center: American Cancer Society, Inc. 250 Williams Street, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002 For more information, contact: 404-320-3333 Lindsey Torre, MSPH ©2015, American Cancer Society, Inc. Rebecca Siegel, MPH All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this publication or portions thereof in any form. Ahmedin Jemal, DVM, PhD For written permission, address the Legal department of Surveillance & Health Services Research Program the American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street, NW, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002. This publication attempts to summarize current scientific information about cancer. Except when specified, it does not represent the official policy of the American Cancer Society. Suggested citation: American Cancer Society. Global Cancer Facts & Figures 3rd Edition. Atlanta: American Cancer Society; 2015. How Many New Cancer Cases and Deaths Basic Cancer Facts Occurred in 2012 Worldwide? According to estimates from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), there were 14.1 million new cancer What Is Cancer? cases in 2012 worldwide, of which 8 million occurred in eco- Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled nomically developing countries, which contain about 82% of the growth and spread of abnormal cells. If the spread is not con- world’s population. (Figure 1, page 2). These estimates do not trolled, it can result in death. Cancer is caused by external include non-melanoma skin cancers, which are not tracked in factors, such as tobacco, infectious organisms, and an unhealthy cancer registries. The corresponding estimates for total cancer diet, and internal factors, such as inherited genetic muta- deaths in 2012 were 8.2 million (about 22,000 cancer deaths a tions, hormones, and immune conditions. These factors may day) – 2.9 million in economically developed countries, and 5.3 act together or in sequence to cause cancer. Ten or more years million in economically developing countries (Figure 1, page 2). often pass between exposure to external factors and detectable By 2030, the global burden is expected to grow to 21.7 million cancer. Treatments include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, new cancer cases and 13 million cancer deaths simply due to the hormone therapy, immune therapy, and targeted therapy (drugs growth and aging of the population.1 However, the estimated that interfere with cancer cell growth by targeting specific future cancer burden will probably be considerably larger due to molecules). the adoption of lifestyles that are known to increase cancer risk, Worldwide, one in seven deaths is due to cancer; cancer causes such as smoking, poor diet, physical inactivity, and fewer preg- more deaths than AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria combined. nancies, in economically developing countries. Cancers related When countries are grouped according to income, cancer is the to these factors, such as lung, breast, and colorectal cancers, second leading cause of death in high-income countries (follow- are already on the rise in economically transitioning countries. ing cardiovascular diseases) and the third leading cause of death Table 2 (page 3) provides the estimated numbers of total new in low- and middle-income countries (following cardiovascular cancer cases and deaths in 2012 by United Nations (UN) area. diseases and infectious and parasitic diseases) (Table 1). In economically developed countries, the three most commonly diagnosed cancers were prostate, lung, and colorectal among males, and breast, colorectal, and lung among females (Figure 1, page 2). In economically developing countries, the three most Table 1. Leading Causes of Death Worldwide by Income Level, 2012 (Thousands) Worldwide Low- and Middle-income High-income Rank Deaths % Rank Deaths % Rank Deaths % Cardiovascular diseases 1 17,513 31% 1 13,075 30% 1 4,438 38% Malignant neoplasms 2 8,204 15% 3 5,310 12% 2 2,894 25% Infectious and parasitic diseases 3 6,431 12% 2 6,128 14% 7 303 3% Respiratory diseases 4 4,040 7% 4 3,395 8% 3 645 6% Unintentional injuries 5 3,716 7% 5 3,212 7% 5 504 4% Respiratory infections 6 3,060 5% 6 2,664 6% 6 396 3% Digestive diseases 7 2,263 4% 7 1,748 4% 4 515 4% Diabetes mellitus 8 1,497 3% 8 1,243 3% 9 254 2% Intentional injuries 9 1,428 3% 9 1,185 3% 10 243 2% Genitourinary diseases 10 1,195 2% 10 935 2% 8 260 2% Nutritional deficiencies 11 559 1% 11 534 1% 14 25 0% Congenital anomalies 12 556 1% 12 515 1% 13 42 0% Maternal conditions 13 296 1% 13 293 1% 16 3 0% Musculoskeletal diseases 14 216 0% 14 158 0% 12 58 1% Other neoplasms 15 193 0% 15 116 0% 11 77 1% All causes 55,843 44,172 11,671 Source: World Health Organization Global Health Observatory Data Repository, Mortality and Global Health Estimates 2012. apps.who.int/gho/data/?theme=main. Accessed August 24, 2014. American Cancer Society, Inc., Surveillance Research, 2015 Global Cancer Facts & Figures 3rd Edition 1 Figure 1. Estimated New Cancer Cases and Deaths Worldwide for Leading Cancer Sites by Level of Economic Development, 2012 Estimated New CasesEstimated Deaths Male Female Male Female Lung, bronchus, & trachea Breast Lung, bronchus, & trachea Breast 1,241,600 1,676,600 1,098,700 521,900 Prostate Colon & rectum Liver Lung, bronchus, & trachea 1,111,700 614,300 521,000 491,200 Colon & rectum Lung, bronchus, & trachea Stomach Colon & rectum 746,300 583,100 469,000 320,300 Stomach Cervix uteri Colon & rectum Cervix uteri 631,300 527,600 373,600 265,700 Liver Stomach Prostate Stomach 554,400 320,300 307,500 254,100 Urinary bladder Corpus uteri Esophagus Liver Worldwide 330,400 319,600 281,200 224,500 Esophagus Ovary Pancreas Pancreas 323,000 238,700 173,800 156,600 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Thyroid Leukemia Ovary 217,600 229,900 151,300 151,900 Kidney Liver Urinary bladder Esophagus 213,900 228,100 123,100 119,000 Leukemia Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Leukemia 200,700 168,100 115,400 114,200 All sites* All sites* All sites* All sites* 7,427,100 6,663,000 4,653,400 3,548,200 Male Female Male Female Prostate Breast Lung, bronchus, & trachea Lung, bronchus, & trachea 758,700 793,700 416,700 209,900 Lung, bronchus, & trachea Colon & rectum Colon & rectum Breast 490,300 338,000 175,400 197,600 Colon & rectum Lung, bronchus, & trachea Prostate Colon & rectum 398,900 267,900 142,000 157,800 Urinary bladder Corpus uteri Stomach Pancreas 196,100 167,900 106,700 91,300 Stomach Ovary Pancreas Stomach 175,100 99,800 93,100 68,000 Developed Kidney Stomach Liver Ovary 125,400 99,400 80,400 65,900 Countries Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Thyroid Urinary bladder Liver 101,900 93,100 58,900 42,700 Melanoma of skin Pancreas Esophagus Leukemia 99,400 92,800 56,100 40,300 Pancreas Melanoma of skin Leukemia Cervix uteri 94,700 91,700 51,300 35,500 Liver Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Kidney Corpus uteri 92,000 88,500 47,900 34,700 All sites* All sites* All sites* All sites* 3,243,500 2,832,400 1,591,500 1,287,000 Male Female Male Female Lung, bronchus, & trachea Breast Lung, bronchus, & trachea Breast 751,300 882,900 682,000 324,300 Liver Cervix uteri Liver Lung, bronchus, & trachea 462,400 444,500 440,600 281,400 Stomach Lung, bronchus, & trachea Stomach Cervix uteri 456,200 315,200 362,300 230,200 Prostate Colon & rectum Esophagus Stomach 353,000 276,300 225,100 186,100 Colon & rectum Stomach Colon & rectum Liver 347,400 220,900 198,200 181,800 Developing Esophagus Liver Prostate Colon & rectum 255,300 185,800 165,500 162,500 Countries Urinary bladder Corpus uteri Leukemia Esophagus 134,300 151,700 100,000 103,700 Lip, oral cavity Ovary Pancreas Ovary 130,900 139,000 80,700 86,000 Leukemia Thyroid Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Leukemia 120,400 136,800 74,500 73,800 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Esophagus Lip, oral cavity Pancreas 115,800 114,400 74,500 65,300 All sites* All sites* All sites* All sites* 4,183,600 3,830,600 3,061,900 2,261,200 *Excluding non-melanoma skin cancers.
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