DOCSLIB.ORG

Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients with Breast and Skin Cancer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients with Breast and Skin Cancer Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients with Breast and Skin Cancer Isabelle Soerjomataram Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients with Breast and Skin Cancer © Isabelle Soerjomataram, 2007 No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission of the author. Several chapters are based on published papers, reproduced with permission of the co-authors and the publishers. Copyright of these papers remains with the publishers. ISBN: 978-90-9022497-8 Cover design by: Robert Erlebach-Fuchs Layout by: Mauricio Avendano Pabon Printed by: Optima Grafische Communicatie, Rotterdam Financial support for the printing of this thesis was provided by the Department of Public Health -Erasmus MC, Comprehensive Cancer Centre South, Novartis Pharma B.V., Amoena Nederland B.V., Eli Lilly Nederland B.V., AstraZeneca B.V. Multiple Primary Cancers in Patients with Breast and Skin Cancer Meervoudige tumoren in borst en huidkanker patiënten Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof.dr. S.W.J. Lamberts en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op donderdag 20 december 2007 om 09.00 uur door Isabelle Soerjomataram geboren te Innsbruck, Oostenrijk Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof.dr. J.W.W . Coebergh Overige leden: Prof.dr. H.A.M. Neumann Prof.dr. J.G.M. Klijn Prof.dr. F.E. van Leeuwen Copromotor: Dr. W.J. Louwman Untuk mama, papa, Colette dan Pandji Y para ti Contents Part I Introduction Chapter 1. Introduction 11 Chapter 2: Epidemiology of multiple primary cancers 19 Part II The epidemiology of breast cancer Chapter 3. On the avoidability of breast cancer in industrialized societies: older 43 mean age at first birth as an indicator of excess breast cancer risk Chapter 4. Does the decrease in hormone-replacement therapy also affect 55 breast cancer risk in the Netherlands? Chapter 5. An overview of prognostic factors for long-term survivors of breast cancer 59 Part III Risk of second primary cancer in breast cancer patients Chapter 6. Rising incidence of breast cancer among female cancer survivors: Implications for surveillance 93 Chapter 7. Primary malignancy after primary female breast cancer in the 103 south of the Netherlands, 1972-2001 Chapter 8. Increased risk of second malignancies after in situ breast 113 carcinoma in a population-based registry Chapter 9. Risks of second primary breast and urogenital cancer following 125 female breast cancer in the south of the Netherlands, 1972-2001 Part IV Risk of second primary cancer in skin cancer patients Chapter 10. A cohort of skin cancer patients: a source for aetiological 141 studies Chapter 11. Are patients with skin cancer at lower risk of developing colorectal 149 or breast cancer? Chapter 12. Decreased risk of prostate cancer after skin cancer diagnosis: 165 A protective role of ultraviolet radiation? Part V General discussion and conclusion Chapter 13. Discussion and conclusion 179 Summary 191 Samenvatting 197 Dankwoord/Acknowledgements 203 Curriculum Vitae 207 List of publications 209 7 PART I Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 1 1.1. Multiple primary cancers The extent of the problem The number of cancer survivors has been increasing dramatically and is expected to keep growing in the near future. In the Netherlands, a 38% increase of cancer survivors is estimated from 2005 to 2015, representing an increase from 500,000 to 692,000 (ex-) patients in this period.1 It is well known that individuals who suffered from cancer exhibit a 20% higher risk of subsequent primary malignancies.2 Thus, as the number of cancer survivors increases, the number of patients with multiple primary cancers will increase as well. Because cancer is more frequent among the elderly, the ageing of the Dutch population will cause a further increase in the number of cases with multiple cancers: Only 5%-12% of cancer patients aged 50-64 were previously diagnosed with cancer, versus 12%-26% of those aged over 803. Other forces, including increased awareness of (second) malignancies, the higher use and sensitivity of diagnostic/detection methods, and the recent improvements in cancer treatment and survival will further lead to higher prevalence of multiple cancers. Cancer survivors who develop a second malignancy have a higher risk of dying4 and experience a worsening in their quality of life. Thus, increased interest in second cancer from the epidemiological and clinical perspective is highly relevant. Breast cancer The incidence of breast cancer among women has increased by 50% during the last 30 years. On the other hand, data from the Eindhoven cancer registry in the southwest of the Netherlands indicate that breast cancer mortality has been decreasing by 2% every year since 19955 due to earlier diagnosis and better treatment. These trends have led to a marked increase in the number of female cancer survivors who are at risk of developing another primary cancer. Breast cancer has been the most prevalent malignancy in women,6 and also the most commonly occurring multiple malignancy.7 Of all prevalent malignancies among women, 25% of them are breast cancer.7 Women with breast cancer do not only have an increased risk of second breast cancer. Studies indicate that these women also have an increased risk of developing other female genital, oesophageal, salivary gland and soft tissue cancers. On the other hand, women with a breast cancer have a lower risk compared to the general population, of developing cancer of the cervix, pancreas, lung, non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia8. Skin cancer In industrialized countries, we have witnessed an increasing trend in the incidence of skin cancer over the last few decades.9, 10 In 2005, there were 18,715 cases of newly diagnosed basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin, 4,212 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, and 3042 cases of cutaneous melanoma (CM) in the Netherlands11, corresponding to 19%, 4% and 3% of the total number of incident cancers, respectively.3 Due to the low case-specific mortality rates of skin cancer, the prevalence of skin cancer has increased dramatically, providing opportunities for the analysis on the incidence of multiple cancers (see chapter 10 of this thesis). 12 Introduction Recent studies have shown that although sun exposure increases the risk of skin cancer, it may have a protective effect against some major cancers including that of the breast as well as colorectal and prostate cancer, through the formation of vitamin D.12-14 Patients with skin cancer constitute a good cohort to indirectly test this hypothesis. Examining the risk of second cancer among skin cancer patients can provide clues in this paradoxical effect of sun exposure: If more exposure to sunlight increases the risk of skin cancer but reduces the risk of breast, prostate and colorectal cancer, skin cancer patients should have a lower incidence of these cancers compared to the general population. Although cancer registry data do not provide individual information on sun exposure, examining the risk of a second cancer by various host and tumour characteristics may give further idea on the protective role of sun exposure (table 1.1). It is known that cumulative sun exposure is associated with an increased risk of SCC. The association of sun exposure is less strong for BCC, which has been hypothesized to be etiologically more similar to melanoma. Therefore a cohort of patients with SCC should show the highest protective effect against breast, prostate and colorectal cancer and cohort of patients with CM the lowest. Similarly, skin cancers occurring in the head and neck region and those diagnosed at older age are usually associated with chronic exposure and thus a lower risk of second breast, prostate and colorectal cancer skin cancers is expected in this group of patients. Table 1.1. Associations between sun exposure pattern and skin cancer features9, 15 Host and tumour feature Sun Exposure Intermittent Chronic Skin cancer type Squamous Cell Carcinoma + +++ Basal Cell Carcinoma ++ ++ Melanoma +++ + Age at diagnosis Young +++ + Old + +++ Subsite Head and neck + +++ Trunk and extremities +++ + In order to interpret the risk pattern of multiple cancers it is necessary to identify the factors that influence an individual’s risk of developing a second cancer including: internal factors, e.g., genetic predisposition towards cancer; and external factors, e.g., lifestyle, treatment of the first cancer. Hereditary genetic predispositions may increase an individual risk of multiple malignancies.16 Genetic factors have been more commonly related to an increased risk among those who were diagnosed with a first cancer at an early age. Other factors such as lifestyle should influence mainly the risk of second malignancy among the older age groups because of the long exposure time that is needed until such factors cause carcinogenic changes in a human body. Treatment of a first cancer may also be related to the occurrence of a second cancer. Comparing a group of patients who were exposed to a certain treatment to those who were spared from the treatment may further give light on this issue. Furthermore, increased monitoring may also elevate the risk of a second primary cancer. Because the above mentioned factors have changed over time (except for genetic disorders), the risk of a second cancer among cancer patients also changes, thus continuous monitoring of second cancer risk is of utmost importance. Study of multiple cancers will provide information on the necessary guidelines to follow-up cancer patients. 13 Chapter 1 Through such studies the patient group at high risk of developing a second cancer can be identified. In addition, the type of the second cancer with the highest risk and length of time where such risk is increased can be determined.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cancer Survival in Qidong Between 1972 and 2011: a Population‑Based Analysis
    944 MOLECULAR AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 6: 944-954, 2017 Cancer survival in Qidong between 1972 and 2011: A population‑based analysis JIAN-GUO CHEN1,2, JIAN ZHU1, YONG-HUI ZHANG1, YI-XIN ZHANG2, DENG-FU YAO3, YONG-SHENG CHEN1, JIAN-HUA LU1, LU-LU DING1, HAI-ZHEN CHEN2, CHAO-YONG ZHU2, LI-PING YANG2, YUAN-RONG ZHU1 and FU-LIN QIANG2 1Qidong Cancer Registry, Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200; 2Nantong University Tumour Hospital/Institute, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361; 3Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China Received May 17, 2016; Accepted March 7, 2017 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1234 Abstract. Population-based cancer survival is an improved lung, colon and rectum, oesophagus, female breast and bladder index for evaluating the overall efficiency of cancer health cancer, as well as leukaemia and NHL. The observations of services in a given region. The current study analysed the the current study provide the opportunity for evaluation of observed survival and relative survival of leading cancer sites the survival outcomes of frequent cancer sites that reflects the from a population‑based cancer registry between 1972 and 2011 changes and improvement in a rural area in China. in Qidong, China. A total of 92,780 incident cases with cancer were registered and followed‑up for survival status. The main Introduction sites of the cancer types, based on the rank order of incidence, were the liver, stomach, lung, colon and rectum, oesophagus, Cancer survival is an index for evaluating the effect of treatment breast, pancreas, leukaemia, brain and central nervous system of patients in specific settings, whether used to define outcomes (B and CNS), bladder, blood [non‑Hodgkin's lymphoma in clinical trials or as an indicator of the overall efficiency of (NHL)] and cervix.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Legal Research Assistance That Can Make a Builds
    EUROPEAN DIGITAL RIGHTS A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF BIOMETRIC MASS SURVEILLANCE PRACTICES IN GERMANY, THE NETHERLANDS, AND POLAND By Luca Montag, Rory Mcleod, Lara De Mets, Meghan Gauld, Fraser Rodger, and Mateusz Pełka EDRi - EUROPEAN DIGITAL RIGHTS 2 INDEX About the Edinburgh 1.4.5 ‘Biometric-Ready’ International Justice Cameras 38 Initiative (EIJI) 5 1.4.5.1 The right to dignity 38 Introductory Note 6 1.4.5.2 Structural List of Abbreviations 9 Discrimination 39 1.4.5.3 Proportionality 40 Key Terms 10 2. Fingerprints on Personal Foreword from European Identity Cards 42 Digital Rights (EDRi) 12 2.1 Analysis 43 Introduction to Germany 2.1.1 Human rights country study from EDRi 15 concerns 43 Germany 17 2.1.2 Consent 44 1 Facial Recognition 19 2.1.3 Access Extension 44 1.1 Local Government 19 3. Online Age and Identity 1.1.1 Case Study – ‘Verification’ 46 Cologne 20 3.1 Analysis 47 1.2 Federal Government 22 4. COVID-19 Responses 49 1.3 Biometric Technology 4.1 Analysis 50 Providers in Germany 23 4.2 The Convenience 1.3.1 Hardware 23 of Control 51 1.3.2 Software 25 5. Conclusion 53 1.4 Legal Analysis 31 Introduction to the Netherlands 1.4.1 German Law 31 country study from EDRi 55 1.4.1.1 Scope 31 The Netherlands 57 1.4.1.2 Necessity 33 1. Deployments by Public 1.4.2 EU Law 34 Entities 60 1.4.3 European 1.1. Dutch police and law Convention on enforcement authorities 61 Human Rights 37 1.1.1 CATCH Facial 1.4.4 International Recognition Human Rights Law 37 Surveillance Technology 61 1.1.1.1 CATCH - Legal Analysis 64 EDRi - EUROPEAN DIGITAL RIGHTS 3 1.1.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Cancers Unequal Burden
    The reality behind improving cancer survival rates April 2014 Cancer’s unequal burden – The reality behind improving cancer survival rates • Foreword • Executive summary • The reality behind improving cancer survival rates • Improving survival outcomes • Conclusion • References 3 Cancer’s unequal burden – The reality behind improving cancer survival rates in these areas has the potential to significantly reduce the overall cost of cancer care as well as greatly improving the lives of those with cancer. Routes from Diagnosis, developed in Survival rates for some cancers have soared over the past 40 years in England. partnership with strategy consultancy In the early 1970s, overall median survival time for all cancer types – the time Monitor Deloitte and Public Health by which half of people with cancer have died and half have survived – was just England’s National Cancer Intelligence i ii Network (NCIN), also shows us one year . Now it is predicted to be nearly six years , testament to the good work the value of linking and analysing of the NHS and advances in diagnosis, treatment and care. But there is a grim routinely collected NHS data. Only by reality hidden behind these numbers. combining data from cancer registries with hospital records have we been able to produce such a powerful picture of what happens to people New research led by Macmillan These new figures are taken from our after they are diagnosed with cancer Cancer Support reveals what happens groundbreaking Routes from Diagnosis and which groups of people in to people in England after they are research programme, which links particular need more support.
    [Show full text]
  • RIVM Report 680705009 Non-Linearity in the Nox/NO2 Conversion
    Report 680705009/2008 J. Wesseling | F. Sauter Non-linearity in the NOx/NO2 conversion RIVM Report 680705009/2008 Non-linearity in the NOx/NO2 conversion J. Wesseling, RIVM F. Sauter, RIVM Contact: Joost Wesseling RIVM/LVM [email protected] This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of Ministry of VROM, within the framework of the project Urban Air Quality, project M/680705/07. RIVM, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands Tel +31 30 274 91 11 www.rivm.nl RIVM National Institute for Public Health and the Environment P.O. Box 1 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands www.rivm.com © RIVM 2008 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the 'National Institute for Public Health and the Environment', along with the title and year of publication. 2 RIVM Report 680705009 Abstract Non-linearity in the NOx/NO2 conversion The yearly average NO2 concentration along roads is influenced by the way it is calculated. The RIVM has analyzed the mathematical relations involved of some of the models being used in the Netherlands. With this information, the differences between model calculations as well as between models and experimental data can be understood in a better way. On locations with a lot of traffic the yearly average limit value for NO2 is exceeded regularly. In the Netherlands compliance with EU air quality regulations is usually checked using the results of model calculations. The models being used in the Netherlands calculate the NO2 concentrations in several ways. It is long known that different calculation schemes produce different results.
    [Show full text]
  • Acculturation of Moroccan-Dutch Azghari, Youssef; Hooghiemstra, E.; Van De Vijver, Fons
    Tilburg University The historical and social-cultural context of acculturation of Moroccan-Dutch Azghari, Youssef; Hooghiemstra, E.; van de Vijver, Fons Published in: Online Readings in Psychology and Culture DOI: 10.9707/2307-0919.1155 Publication date: 2017 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Azghari, Y., Hooghiemstra, E., & van de Vijver, F. (2017). The historical and social-cultural context of acculturation of Moroccan-Dutch. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1155 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. okt. 2021 Unit 8 Migration and Acculturation Article 11 Subunit 1 Acculturation and Adapting to Other Cultures 10-1-2017 The iH storical and Social-Cultural Context of Acculturation of Moroccan-Dutch Youssef Azghari Tilburg University and Avans University, [email protected] Erna Hooghiemstra Tilburg University, [email protected] Fons J.R.
    [Show full text]
  • Flexicurity: Lessons and Proposals from the Netherlands
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Bovenberg, Lans; Wilthagen, Ton; Bekker, Sonja Article Flexicurity: Lessons and Proposals from the Netherlands CESifo DICE Report Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Bovenberg, Lans; Wilthagen, Ton; Bekker, Sonja (2008) : Flexicurity: Lessons and Proposals from the Netherlands, CESifo DICE Report, ISSN 1613-6373, ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München, München, Vol. 06, Iss. 4, pp. 9-14 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/166947 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu Forum FLEXICURITY:LESSONS AND 2008, while the inflation increased to 3.1 percent in September 2008 (Statistics Netherlands 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • No. 59C November 27, 2014 (Sel) Largest Worldwide Study on Cancer
    No. 59c November 27, 2014 (Sel) Largest worldwide study on cancer survival rates reveals dramatic differences – Germany among the leading countries worldwide In a study called CONCORD-2, around 500 international scientists report on 5-year survival rates for about 25.7 million adult cancer patients suffering from one of the ten most common types of cancer (stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast, cervix, ovaries, prostate, leukemia) as well as for approximately 75,000 children who were diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) between 1995 and 2009. In the study, the scientists drew on data from 279 cancer registries in 67 countries. It was analyzed using a method called period analysis, developed by Hermann Brenner from the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg. This method delivers more up-to-date data on long-term survival than the rates obtained by conventional methods. The study was published in the journal “Lancet”. The scientists noted major differences in survival rates in various countries for specific cancer types. This also held true after taking into account regional differences in life expectancy due to other factors such as the age, gender or race of subjects in the study. Above all, they identified remarkable variations in 5-year survival rates for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Rates ranged from 16-50% in countries such as Jordan, Lesotho, Tunisia, Indonesia, and Mongolia to over 90% in Canada, Austria, Belgium, Germany and Norway. In their report the scientists state that this shows large deficits in the management of a disease for which in fact there are effective treatments.
    [Show full text]
  • Re Not Going to Reach the Water Framework Directive Objectives’
    ‘Of course we’re not going to reach the Water Framework Directive objectives’ An historical and political-ecological analysis of the water quality of the Langeraarse Plassen and water quality management by the Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland MSc Thesis by Jessica van Grootveld May 2016 Water Resources Management group 0 Source cover photograph: Cultuur Historische Vereniging Ter Aar ‘Of course we’re not going to reach the Water Framework Directive objectives’ An historical and political-ecological analysis of the water quality of the Langeraarse Plassen and water quality management by the Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland Master thesis Water Resources Management submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Science in International Land and Water Management at Wageningen University, the Netherlands Jessica van Grootveld May 2016 Supervisors: Bert Bruins, MSc Water Resources Management group Wageningen University The Netherlands www.wageningenur.nl/wrm Koen Mathot, MSc Policy and Plan Development Department Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland Leiden The Netherlands www.rijnland.net i ii Abstract All EU member states should meet the Water Framework Directive (WFD) objectives by 2027. The Hoogheemraadschap van Rijnland (HHR), a Dutch Water Board, has decided to invest in the Langeraarse Plassen during WFD’s second cycle (2016-2021), in its effort to comply with the WFD and to improve water quality. On-going discussions regarding the implementation of the WFD in general, and the feasibility of cleaning up fen lakes in particular are frequent. This dissertation investigates the extent to which the historical water quality of the Langeraarse Plassen parallels the nationally formulated WFD reference condition for moderately large, shallow fen lakes (M27 water bodies), and HHR’s WFD policy objectives.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitamin D and Cancer
    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER Vitamin D and Cancer IARC 2008 WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER IARC Working Group Reports Volume 5 Vitamin D and Cancer - i - Vitamin D and Cancer Published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon Cedex 08, France © International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2008-11-24 Distributed by WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]) Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturer’s products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. The International Agency for Research on Cancer welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.
    [Show full text]
  • Occupational Cancer in Britain Remaining Cancer Sites: Brain, Bone, Soft Tissue Sarcoma and Thyroid
    British Journal of Cancer (2012) 107, S85 – S91 & 2012 Cancer Research UK All rights reserved 0007 – 0920/12 www.bjcancer.com Full Paper Occupational cancer in Britain Remaining cancer sites: brain, bone, soft tissue sarcoma and thyroid Terry Brown3, Charlotte Young2 and Lesley Rushton*,1 with the British Occupational Cancer Burden Study Group 3 2 Institute of Environment and Health, Cranfield Health, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK; Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, 1 Buxton, Derbyshire SK17 9JN, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Campus, Norfolk Place, London W2 3PG, UK British Journal of Cancer (2012) 107, S85–S91; doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.124 www.bjcancer.com & 2012 Cancer Research UK Keywords: occupation; brain; bone; thyroid OVERVIEW OF CANCERS in men and 14% in women, with that for men showing a significant improvement since 1986–1990. This paper reviews the four cancer sites: brain, bone, sarcoma and thyroid, which do not fit readily into the organ-specific groups defined for the other papers in this supplement. Ionising radiation Bone cancer is a cause of cancers of both the bone and thyroid, and thus this exposure will be considered together in the relevant section. Cancers that arise in the bone or articular cartilage account for B0.5% of all malignant neoplasms in humans (Miller et al, 2006). In Britain, over recent years, the number of cancers registered has Brain and central nervous system (CNS) cancers been relatively stable, whereas the number of people who died Primary brain and CNS cancers are rare.
    [Show full text]
  • Rotavirus in the Netherlands Background Information for the Health Council
    Rotavirus in the Netherlands Background information for the Health Council RIVM Report 2017-0021 J.D.M. Verberk | P. Bruijning-Verhagen | H.E. de Melker Rotavirus in the Netherlands Background information for the Health Council RIVM Report 2017-0021 RIVM Report 2017-0021 Colophon © RIVM 2017 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, along with the title, authors and year of publication. DOI 10.21945/RIVM-2017-0021 J.D.M. Verberk (author), RIVM P. Bruijning-Verhagen (author), RIVM H.E. de Melker (author), RIVM Contact: H.E. de Melker Centre for Epidemiology and Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, [email protected] The following people contributed to this report: Alies van Lier, Don Klinkenberg, Hans van Vliet, Harry Vennema, Jeanet Kemmeren, Lieke Sanders, Liesbeth Mollema, Marie-Josee Mangen, Wilfrid van Pelt. This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport and the Health Council, within the framework of V/151103/17/EV, Surveillance of the National Immunization Programme, Rotavirus vaccination. This is a publication of: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment P.O. Box 1 | 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands www.rivm.nl/en Page 2 of 70 RIVM Report 2017-0021 Synopsis Rotavirus in the Netherlands Background information for the Health Council Rotavirus can cause a gastrointestinal infection and is common in young children. There are two vaccines available; both have to be administered via the mouth. The Dutch Health Council will advise the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport on how childhood vaccination against rotavirus will be made available.
    [Show full text]
  • Breast Cancer Relative Survival 1985-2014
    No: 2018/02 Statistical series: 108 The Cancer Effect An “Exploring Cancer” Series Western Australia Breast Cancer Relative Survival 1985–2014 Western Australia Cancer Registry and the Epidemiology Branch WA Department of Health WA Cancer Registry The WA Cancer Registry is part of the Department of Health (WA). The Registry records all cancer notifications (i.e. cancer diagnoses) for WA residents. The notification (reporting) of cancers, by pathologists and radiation oncologists (amongst others), to the Department of Health has been a legal requirement under the Health (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1911 since 1981. These current regulations are available as Health (Western Australian Cancer Register) Regulations 2011. Acknowledgements The Epidemiology Branch of the Department of Health WA designed the analysis tools used in this relative survival analysis study as well as conducting the analysis. The Epidemiology Branch also provided the WA Cancer Registry feedback on the report. The WA Cancer Registry also extends thanks to the individuals across the WA Department of Health who contributed to the production of this report. Contact regarding enquiries and additional information Telephone: +61 (0) 08 9222 4022 Email: [email protected]. Recent releases 2017/01 ALL Cancers Survival 2010-2014 The Cancer Effect—Breast Cancer survival 2010-14 2 Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................. 4 2.0 Incidence of breast cancer in WA .........................................................
    [Show full text]