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Clearview AI Has Billions of Our Photos. Its Entire Client List Was Just Stolen by Jordan Valinsky, CNN Business Updated 1:24 PM ET, Wed February 26, 2020
Clearview AI has billions of our photos. Its entire client list was just stolen By Jordan Valinsky, CNN Business Updated 1:24 PM ET, Wed February 26, 2020 New York (CNN Business)Clearview AI, a startup that compiles billions of photos for facial recognition technology, said it lost its entire client list to hackers. The company said it has patched the unspecified flaw that allowed the breach to happen. In a statement, Clearview AI's attorney Tor Ekeland said that while security is the company's top priority, "unfortunately, data breaches are a part of life. Our servers were never accessed." He added that the company continues to strengthen its security procedures and that the flaw has been patched. Clearview AI continues "to work to strengthen our security," Ekeland said. In a notification sent to customers obtained by Daily Beast, Clearview AI said that an intruder "gained unauthorized access" to its customer list, which includes police forces, law enforcement agencies and banks. The company said that the person didn't obtain any search histories conducted by customers, which include some police forces. The company claims to have scraped more than 3 billion photos from the internet, including photos from popular social media platforms like Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube. The firm garnered controversy in January after a New York Times investigation revealed that Clearview AI's technology allowed law enforcement agencies to use its technology to match photos of unknown faces to people's online images. The company also retains those photos in its database even after internet users delete them from the platforms or make their accounts private. -
The Right to Privacy and the Future of Mass Surveillance’
‘The Right to Privacy and the Future of Mass Surveillance’ ABSTRACT This article considers the feasibility of the adoption by the Council of Europe Member States of a multilateral binding treaty, called the Intelligence Codex (the Codex), aimed at regulating the working methods of state intelligence agencies. The Codex is the result of deep concerns about mass surveillance practices conducted by the United States’ National Security Agency (NSA) and the United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). The article explores the reasons for such a treaty. To that end, it identifies the discriminatory nature of the United States’ and the United Kingdom’s domestic legislation, pursuant to which foreign cyber surveillance programmes are operated, which reinforces the need to broaden the scope of extraterritorial application of the human rights treaties. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the US and UK foreign mass surveillance se practices interferes with the right to privacy of communications and cannot be justified under Article 17 ICCPR and Article 8 ECHR. As mass surveillance seems set to continue unabated, the article supports the calls from the Council of Europe to ban cyber espionage and mass untargeted cyber surveillance. The response to the proposal of a legally binding Intelligence Codexhard law solution to mass surveillance problem from the 47 Council of Europe governments has been so far muted, however a soft law option may be a viable way forward. Key Words: privacy, cyber surveillance, non-discrimination, Intelligence Codex, soft law. Introduction Peacetime espionage is by no means a new phenomenon in international relations.1 It has always been a prevalent method of gathering intelligence from afar, including through electronic means.2 However, foreign cyber surveillance on the scale revealed by Edward Snowden performed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA), the United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ) and their Five Eyes partners3 1 Geoffrey B. -
Mass Surveillance
Thematic factsheet1 Update: July 2018 MASS SURVEILLANCE The highly complex forms of terrorism require States to take effective measures to defend themselves, including mass monitoring of communications. Unlike “targeted” surveillance (covert collection of conversations, telecommunications and metadata by technical means – “bugging”), “strategic” surveillance (or mass surveillance) does not necessarily start with a suspicion against a particular person or persons. It has a proactive element, aimed at identifying a danger rather than investigating a known threat. Herein lay both the value it can have for security operations, and the risks it can pose for individual rights. Nevertheless, Member States do not have unlimited powers in this area. Mass surveillance of citizens is tolerable under the Convention only if it is strictly necessary for safeguarding democratic institutions. Taking into account considerable potential to infringe fundamental rights to privacy and to freedom of expression enshrined by the Convention, Member States must ensure that the development of surveillance methods resulting in mass data collection is accompanied by the simultaneous development of legal safeguards securing respect for citizens’ human rights. According to the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, it would be counter to governments’ efforts to keep terrorism at bay if the terrorist threat were substituted with a perceived threat of unfettered executive power intruding into citizens’ private lives. It is of the utmost importance that the domestic legislation authorizing far-reaching surveillance techniques and prerogatives provides for adequate and sufficient safeguards in order to minimize the risks for the freedom of expression and the right to privacy which the “indiscriminate capturing of vast amounts of communications” enables. -
EPIC FOIA Request 1 Facial Recognition PIA June 10, 2020 ICE C
VIA EMAIL June 10, 2020 Fernando Pineiro FOIA Officer U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement Freedom of Information Act Office 500 12th Street, S.W., Stop 5009 Washington, D.C. 20536-5009 Email: [email protected] Dear Mr. Pineiro: This letter constitutes a request under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3), and is submitted on behalf of the Electronic Privacy Information Center (“EPIC”) to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”). EPIC seeks records related to the agency’s use of facial recognition software (“FRS”). Documents Requested 1. All contracts between ICE and commercial FRS vendors; 2. All documents related to ICE’s approval process for new commercial FRS vendors, including but not limited to: a. Document detailing the approval process and requirements for commercial FRS vendors b. Documents related to the approval of all commercial FRS vendors currently in use by ICE c. Documents related to reviewing commercial FRS vendors that have been used under “exigent circumstances” without prior approval; 3. All training materials and standard operating procedures for Homeland Security Investigations (“HSI”) agents regarding use of FRS, including but not limited to the following: a. Existing training materials and standard operating procedures around HSI agent use of FRS b. Existing training materials and standard operating procedures regarding restrictions on the collection of probe photos EPIC FOIA Request 1 Facial Recognition PIA June 10, 2020 ICE c. Training materials and standard operating procedures being developed for HSI agent use of FRS d. Training materials and standard operating procedures being developed regarding the use of probe photos; 4. -
1:21-Cv-00135 Document #: 31 Filed: 04/09/21 Page 1 of 18 Pageid #:232
Case: 1:21-cv-00135 Document #: 31 Filed: 04/09/21 Page 1 of 18 PageID #:232 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS EASTERN DIVISION Civil Action File No.: 1:21-cv-00135 In re: Clearview AI, Inc. Consumer Privacy Litigation Judge Sharon Johnson Coleman Magistrate Judge Maria Valdez PLAINTIFFS’ MEMORANDUM OF LAW IN SUPPORT OF MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION Case: 1:21-cv-00135 Document #: 31 Filed: 04/09/21 Page 2 of 18 PageID #:233 INTRODUCTION Without providing notice or receiving consent, Defendants Clearview AI, Inc. (“Clearview”); Hoan Ton-That; and Richard Schwartz (collectively, “Defendants”): (a) scraped billions of photos of people’s faces from the internet; (b) harvested the subjects’ biometric identifiers and information (collectively, “Biometric Data”); and (c) created a searchable database of that data (the “Biometric Database”) which they made available to private entities, friends and law enforcement in order to earn profits. Defendants’ conduct violated, and continues to violate, Illinois’ Biometric Information Privacy Act (“BIPA”), 740 ILCS 14/1, et seq., and tramples on Illinois residents’ privacy rights. Unchecked, Defendants’ conduct will cause Plaintiffs David Mutnick, Mario Calderon, Jennifer Rocio, Anthony Hall and Isela Carmean and Illinois class members to suffer irreparable harm for which there is no adequate remedy at law. Defendants have tacitly conceded the need for injunctive relief. In response to Plaintiff Mutnick’s preliminary injunction motion in his underlying action, Defendants desperately sought to avoid judicial oversight by claiming to have self-reformed. But Defendants have demonstrated that they cannot be trusted. While Defendants have represented that they were cancelling all non- law enforcement customer accounts, a recent patent application reveals Defendants’ commercial aspirations. -
EPIC FOIA Request 1 Clearview AI March 6, 2020 FBI VIA FACSIMILE
VIA FACSIMILE March 6, 2020 David M. Hardy, Section Chief Record/Information Dissemination Section Federal Bureau of Investigation 170 Marcel Drive Winchester, VA 22602-4843 Fax: (540) 868-4997 Attn: FOIA Request Dear Mr. Hardy: This letter constitutes a request under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(3), and is submitted on behalf of the Electronic Privacy Information Center (“EPIC”) to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”). EPIC seeks records related to the agency’s use of Clearview AI technology.1 Documents Requested 1. Emails and communications about Clearview AI, Inc., including but not limited to the following individuals and search terms: a. Clearview b. Clearview AI c. Hoan Ton-That d. Tor Ekeland e. Third parties with an email address ending in “@clearview.ai” 2. All contracts or agreements between the FBI and Clearview AI, Inc.; 3. All presentations mentioning Clearview; 4. All Clearview sales materials; 5. All privacy assessments, including but not limited to Privacy Threshold Analysis and/or Privacy Impact Assessments, that discuss the use of Clearview AI technology. Background A recent New York Times investigation revealed that a secretive New York-based company, Clearview AI, Inc., has developed an application that allows law enforcement agencies to identify people in public spaces without actually requesting identity documents or without a legal basis to 1 Clearview AI, Inc., https://clearview.ai/. EPIC FOIA Request 1 Clearview AI March 6, 2020 FBI determine the person’s identity.2 Clearview -
Mass Surveillance
Mass Surveillance Mass Surveillance What are the risks for the citizens and the opportunities for the European Information Society? What are the possible mitigation strategies? Part 1 - Risks and opportunities raised by the current generation of network services and applications Study IP/G/STOA/FWC-2013-1/LOT 9/C5/SC1 January 2015 PE 527.409 STOA - Science and Technology Options Assessment The STOA project “Mass Surveillance Part 1 – Risks, Opportunities and Mitigation Strategies” was carried out by TECNALIA Research and Investigation in Spain. AUTHORS Arkaitz Gamino Garcia Concepción Cortes Velasco Eider Iturbe Zamalloa Erkuden Rios Velasco Iñaki Eguía Elejabarrieta Javier Herrera Lotero Jason Mansell (Linguistic Review) José Javier Larrañeta Ibañez Stefan Schuster (Editor) The authors acknowledge and would like to thank the following experts for their contributions to this report: Prof. Nigel Smart, University of Bristol; Matteo E. Bonfanti PhD, Research Fellow in International Law and Security, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna Pisa; Prof. Fred Piper, University of London; Caspar Bowden, independent privacy researcher; Maria Pilar Torres Bruna, Head of Cybersecurity, Everis Aerospace, Defense and Security; Prof. Kenny Paterson, University of London; Agustín Martin and Luis Hernández Encinas, Tenured Scientists, Department of Information Processing and Cryptography (Cryptology and Information Security Group), CSIC; Alessandro Zanasi, Zanasi & Partners; Fernando Acero, Expert on Open Source Software; Luigi Coppolino,Università degli Studi di Napoli; Marcello Antonucci, EZNESS srl; Rachel Oldroyd, Managing Editor of The Bureau of Investigative Journalism; Peter Kruse, Founder of CSIS Security Group A/S; Ryan Gallagher, investigative Reporter of The Intercept; Capitán Alberto Redondo, Guardia Civil; Prof. Bart Preneel, KU Leuven; Raoul Chiesa, Security Brokers SCpA, CyberDefcon Ltd.; Prof. -
Vehicle and Object Tracking Based on GPS and GSM
ISSN 2394-7314 International Journal of Novel Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp: (255-259), Month: January-April 2016, Available at: www.noveltyjournals.com Vehicle and Object Tracking Based on GPS and GSM 1Sonali Kumari, 2Simran Ghai, 3Bharti Kushwaha 1,2,3Department of Computer Science, Dronacharya Group of Institutions, Greater Noida (U.P), India Abstract: Global positioning system is globally used for the navigation purpose. GPS is mainly used in military purpose, farming technologies, civil, transportation for example in vehicles and commercial users around the world. This paper describes a practical model for routing and tracking of vehicles in a large area outdoor environment, based on GSM i.e. Global System for Mobile Communication and GPS i.e. Global Positioning System. The supporting device GPS continuously move with the vehicle and records the position of the vehicle. It can be communicate with the help of GSM modern which is installed in both transmitters and receivers, when it is required by the owner. GSM model is controlled by 32 bit ARM7 LPC2148. The device will records positions to supervised centre by the SMS or GPRS which can be located in the GOOGLE EARTH and therefore the current position of the vehicle can be known. This research paper describes the working of GPS tracking system and its usefulness in actual world environment. Localisation algorithm, Kalman filter algorithm are some algorithms we will discuss in this paper. Keywords: GPS, Vehicle Tracking GSM, Google Earth, GNSS, NMEA & GPGGA General Term: Kalman algorithm, Localisation, Improvement Algorithm. 1. INTRODUCTION GPS: The GPS is formed by 24 Earth orbiting satellite and 3 more solar powered satellite use in case if any satellite doesn’t work. -
RIVM Report 680705009 Non-Linearity in the Nox/NO2 Conversion
Report 680705009/2008 J. Wesseling | F. Sauter Non-linearity in the NOx/NO2 conversion RIVM Report 680705009/2008 Non-linearity in the NOx/NO2 conversion J. Wesseling, RIVM F. Sauter, RIVM Contact: Joost Wesseling RIVM/LVM [email protected] This investigation has been performed by order and for the account of Ministry of VROM, within the framework of the project Urban Air Quality, project M/680705/07. RIVM, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, the Netherlands Tel +31 30 274 91 11 www.rivm.nl RIVM National Institute for Public Health and the Environment P.O. Box 1 3720 BA Bilthoven The Netherlands www.rivm.com © RIVM 2008 Parts of this publication may be reproduced, provided acknowledgement is given to the 'National Institute for Public Health and the Environment', along with the title and year of publication. 2 RIVM Report 680705009 Abstract Non-linearity in the NOx/NO2 conversion The yearly average NO2 concentration along roads is influenced by the way it is calculated. The RIVM has analyzed the mathematical relations involved of some of the models being used in the Netherlands. With this information, the differences between model calculations as well as between models and experimental data can be understood in a better way. On locations with a lot of traffic the yearly average limit value for NO2 is exceeded regularly. In the Netherlands compliance with EU air quality regulations is usually checked using the results of model calculations. The models being used in the Netherlands calculate the NO2 concentrations in several ways. It is long known that different calculation schemes produce different results. -
COVID Tracker That Allowed, Inter Alia, Medical Officers to Order App
COVID-19 Technology in the EU: A BITTERSWEET VICTORY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS? May 2021 COVID-19 Technology in the EU: A Bittersweet Victory for Human Rights? Publisher This project has been supported by the Civil Liberties Union for Europe e.V European AI Fund, a collaborative initiative Ringbahnstraße 16-18-20 of the Network of European Foundations 12099 Berlin, Germany (NEF). The sole responsibility for the project www.liberties.eu lies with the organiser(s) and the content may not necessarily reflect the positions of Editor European AI Fund, NEF or European AI Orsolya Reich Fund’s Partner Foundations. Assistant Editor A grant from Digital Freedom Fund allowed Jascha Galaski initial research to be conducted in twelve EU member states for the purposes of deciding Copy Editor over possible future strategic litigation actions. Jonathan Day This work is licensed under the Creative Authors Commons Attribution 4.0 International Nikolett Aszodi (Austria, England & License. To view a copy of this license, visit Wales, France, Greece, Luxembourg, Malta, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Portugal) or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA. Jascha Galaski (Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Ireland, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden) Oleksandra Konoplia (Czechia, Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Netherlands, Slovakia) Orsolya Reich (Introduction, Hungary) 2 COVID-19 Technology in the EU: A Bittersweet Victory for Human Rights? Table of contents Introduction 4 The risks of tracing -
Acculturation of Moroccan-Dutch Azghari, Youssef; Hooghiemstra, E.; Van De Vijver, Fons
Tilburg University The historical and social-cultural context of acculturation of Moroccan-Dutch Azghari, Youssef; Hooghiemstra, E.; van de Vijver, Fons Published in: Online Readings in Psychology and Culture DOI: 10.9707/2307-0919.1155 Publication date: 2017 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): Azghari, Y., Hooghiemstra, E., & van de Vijver, F. (2017). The historical and social-cultural context of acculturation of Moroccan-Dutch. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1155 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 02. okt. 2021 Unit 8 Migration and Acculturation Article 11 Subunit 1 Acculturation and Adapting to Other Cultures 10-1-2017 The iH storical and Social-Cultural Context of Acculturation of Moroccan-Dutch Youssef Azghari Tilburg University and Avans University, [email protected] Erna Hooghiemstra Tilburg University, [email protected] Fons J.R. -
Herding Katz: GPS Tracking and Society's Expectations of Privacy In
Herding Katz: GPS Tracking and Society’s Expectations of Privacy in the 21st Century * by ZACHARY GRAY I. Introduction For nearly forty-four years, the United States Supreme Court has adhered to the same, remarkably resilient “test” for its Fourth Amendment jurisprudence.1 In what may be criminal procedure’s most famous concurring opinion, Justice Harlan articulated the Katz two-prong test to determine whether police action constitutes a search. To amount to a search, the Court must find “first, that a person [has] exhibited an actual (subjective) expectation of privacy and, second, that the expectation be one that society is prepared to recognize as ‘reasonable.’”2 If police actions do amount to a search, “[s]earches conducted outside the judicial process, without prior approval by judge or magistrate, are per se unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment—subject only to a few specifically established and well-delineated exceptions.”3 That is to say, if the police conduct a search and do so without a warrant, it will usually be considered a violation of the Fourth Amendment. To remedy a Fourth Amendment violation, the Supreme Court has adopted the “exclusionary rule” that states, “evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution is . inadmissible in court.”4 With the admission of critical evidence on the line, it should be no surprise that the threshold issue of whether a police action amounts * J.D. Candidate 2013, University of California, Hastings College of the Law; B.A. 2008, University of California, Irvine in Political Science and International Studies. I would like to thank Professor Kate Bloch, Professor Hadar Aviram, and Eugenée Heeter for their invaluable assistance and support for this undertaking.