Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Powering the Automotive Future
BOB GRITZINGER Senior Analyst-Advanced Propulsion & Technology • Wards Intelligence Informa Tech Automotive Group
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• Tech Review • Supplier Roundup • Exclusive Survey Results • Market Analysis
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Powering the Automotive Future
▪ Automotive Electric Motor Market Outlook ▪ E-Machine Technology Review ▪ Electrification Optimization ▪ Evolving OEM-Supplier Relationship ▪ Supplier Solutions
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Market Outlook
GLOBAL POWERTRAINS
• IC Powertrains: 82.3 M (2019) 72.5 M (2027) • Electrified 6.5 M (2019) 31.6 M (2027)
Source: Wards Intelligence/LMC Automotive Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Market Outlook
VEHICLE PRODUCTION DETAIL
• Electrified Vehicles, including BEVs, Hybrids and Mild Hybrids, claiming a larger slice of the powertrain pie.
Source: Wards Intelligence/LMC Automotive Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Market Outlook
VEHICLE PRODUCTION DETAIL
• 48V makes up a large percentage of Mild Hybrid segment
Source: Wards Intelligence/LMC Automotive Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Market Outlook
• 7.3 M Electric Motors
• Includes 1.3 M Mild Hybrids/48V Mild Hybrids
Source: Wards Intelligence/LMC Automotive Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Market Outlook
• 35.6 M Electric Motors
• 13.8 M Mild Hybrids/48V Mild Hybrids included
Source: Wards Intelligence/LMC Automotive Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Market Outlook
MOTOR PRODUCTION 2019-2027
• Motor production increases 388%, equal to global electrified vehicle production during the same period
Source: Wards Intelligence/LMC Automotive Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Market Outlook
Source: Wards Intelligence/LMC Automotive Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Poll Question
Which is the biggest obstacle to improving electric motor performance and efficiency? A) Cost of improvements B) Attention to batteries and charging at the expense of motor development C) Use of rare-earth minerals D) Proven technology with little room for improvement
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
• Stator and windings are electrified to create magnetism • Stator magnetism attracts rotor magnets to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
• Permanent magnets are carefully aligned in rotor to create magnetic flux that reacts with magnetism in stator stack
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
• Magnetic flux flows through steel similar to electric current flowing through copper wires • Insulators direct flux in the motor similar to insulation on wiring
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
• Permanent-Magnet Machine is highly efficient at lower rpm • Induction Machine requires more power at lower rpm, but is more efficient at high speeds
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
Protean Electric Hub Motor • Incorporates entire e-drive system in each wheel, eliminating need for driveshafts, gearsets, linkages, clutches • Independent control at each wheel • Adds unsprung weight to wheel
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
Measuring Efficiency
ICE: HP/L
E-Machine: kW/Kg
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
BOOSTING EFFICIENCY
• Increase overall motor size • Employ better materials • Improve stator technology • Better thermal management
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
EV GEARBOXES • Ratios, motor size defined by vehicle type and use • Single-speed BEVs typical • Limited use of 2-speed units • Multi-speed units in development • Key is matching gear ratios to most-efficient motor size Ricardo Electric Drive Unit and speed
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
POWER ELECTRONICS • Power control crucial to motor efficiency • Extreme switching speed necessary to support high-speed motors • Thermal management necessary • Transition under way from Dana TM4 SiC Inverter silicon-carbide to faster-acting gallium-nitride semiconductors
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Technology
OPTIMIZED EV SYSTEM • Designing for maximum motor efficiency for primary use rather than at peak power
Porsche Taycan 800V System
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Poll Question Results
Which is the biggest obstacle to improving electric motor performance and efficiency? A) Cost of improvements B) Attention to batteries and charging at the expense of motor development C) Use of rare-earth minerals D) Proven technology with little room for improvement
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Wards Intelligence Survey Results
Which is the biggest obstacle to improving electric motor performance and efficiency? A) Cost of improvements 32% B) Attention to batteries and charging at the expense of motor development 28% C) Use of rare-earth minerals 27% D) Proven technology with little room for improvement 12%
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
OEM-Supplier Relationship
❑ Evolving relationship ❑ OEMs may lack expertise or capital necessary to develop e-machines while continuing to invest in improvements in existing internal-combustion powertrains ❑ Motor suppliers taking on more responsibility ❑ Suppliers with widely divergent expertise developing e-machines
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Grading the Suppliers
Suppliers evaluated based on these factors: ❑ Group A companies demonstrate high technical capability, a breadth of product offerings, geographic market reach, a history of past projects and prospects for future products and depth of connections with automakers. ❑ Group B companies demonstrate technical capability but offer a more limited product or market scope. ❑ Group C companies are focused on a single product or have a limited market reach.
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
American Axle & Manufacturing GRADE A
Jaguar I-Pace
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Dana GRADE A Dana’s Electrified Acquisitions since 2017 • Nordresa Motors (EV integration in commercial vehicles) • SME Group (off-road motor development and production) • Brevini (hybrid expertise) • TM4 (motors and inverters) • Prestolite-TM4 (motors and inverters)
TM4 SiC Inverter • Aerlikon (electric controls and drive systems) • Ashwood Electric Motors (motor- generators)
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Vitesco (Continental spin-off) GRADE A
• High-output 48V motor • E-Axle headed into production • Dedicated Hybrid Transmission revealed
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Denso GRADE A • Toyota Prius motor supplier • New collaboration with Aisin
Denso-supplied motor-generator stator for Toyota Prius
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Nidec GRADE B
• Small motor producer (power steering, electronic braking) • JV with PSA to produce integrated E-Axle • E-Axle debuted on GAC NE Aion S • In-wheel motor technology GAC NE Aion S powered by Nidec E-Axle
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Ricardo GRADE B
• Formula E transmission supplier • Power-dense 48V project involvement • Developing high-speed motors and transmissions
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Protean GRADE C
• In-wheel hub motor
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Yasa GRADE C
• Axial-flux motor • Motor controllers • Nissan, JLR, Ferrari client base
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
E-Machines: Summary
• Motor production will ramp up dramatically in the coming decade • Gains in e-machine efficiency translate into other benefits – smaller batteries, better range, improved vehicle performance • Suppliers and OEMs are investing significant resources in e-machine development • A wide variety of suppliers are developing e-machine expertise • Motor expertise at the supplier level is rewriting the OEM-Supplier relationship in development of electrified powertrains
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Technology Report
CONTACT: Lynn Olthof Key Account Manager [email protected]
Information Classification: General Informa Tech Automotive Group
Thank you
BOB GRITZINGER Senior Analyst-Advanced Propulsion & Technology • Wards Intelligence [email protected]