ANTI-APARTHEID, ”NEW SOCIAL MOVEMENTS” AND THE GLOBALIZATION OF POLITICS DRAFT! PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE WITHOUT PERMISSION! Paper Presented at PERSPECTIVES ON THE INTERNATIONAL ANTI-APARTHEID STRUGGGLE: SOLIDARITY AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, 31 May 2003, St Antony’s College, Oxford University Dr. Håkan Thörn
[email protected] Introduction Given the number of people that participated in the transnational anti-apartheid movement, as well as its geographical dispersion and its achievements, there is no doubt that it was one of the most influential social movements during the post-war era. In addition to the South African movement organisations, the transnational anti-apartheid network connected thousands of groups and organisations, including solidarity organisations, unions, churches, women’s, youth and student organisations. For example, only in Britain more than 1100 organisations and groups were affiliated to the British 1 Anti-Apartheid Movement in 1990.1 Further, AAM’s list of international contacts includes anti-apartheid solidarity organisations in 37 countries, including Japan, Australia, Sweden, Jamaica, Britain, Ghana, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Uruguay, the Soviet Union and USA.2 Existing as a transnational movement for more than four decades, its impact was not limited to the South African context, as it created transnational networks, organisations and collective action forms that made – and still makes - an impact on national as well as transnational political cultures. Although the significance of this movement has often been