Magnetotactic Bacteria and Their Application in Medicine
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Physiological Characteristics of Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Physiological characteristics of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 that control cell growth Received: 18 October 2016 Accepted: 21 April 2017 under high-iron and low-oxygen Published: xx xx xxxx conditions Qing Wang1,5, Xu Wang1,5, Weijia Zhang2,5, Xianyu Li3, Yuan Zhou1, Dan Li1, Yinjia Wang4, Jiesheng Tian1,5, Wei Jiang1,5, Ziding Zhang 1, Youliang Peng1, Lei Wang4, Ying Li1,5 & Jilun Li1,5 Magnetosome formation by Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 is dependent on iron and oxygen levels. We used transcriptome to evaluate transcriptional profiles of magnetic and non-magnetic MSR-1 cells cultured under high-iron and low-iron conditions. A total of 80 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 53 upregulated and 27 downregulated under high-iron condition. These DEGs belonged to the functional categories of biological regulation, oxidation-reduction process, and ion binding and transport, and were involved in sulfur metabolism and cysteine/methionine metabolism. Comparison with our previous results from transcriptome data under oxygen-controlled conditions indicated that transcription of mam or mms was not regulated by oxygen or iron signals. 17 common DEGs in iron- and oxygen-transcriptomes were involved in energy production, iron transport, and iron metabolism. Some unknown-function DEGs participate in iron transport and metabolism, and some are potential biomarkers for identification ofMagnetospirillum strains. IrrA and IrrB regulate iron transport in response to low-oxygen and high-iron signals, respectively. Six transcription factors were predicted to regulate DEGs. Fur and Crp particularly co-regulate DEGs in response to changes in iron or oxygen levels, in a proposed joint regulatory network of DEGs. -
Life with Compass: Diversity and Biogeography of Magnetotactic Bacteria
bs_bs_banner Environmental Microbiology (2014) 16(9), 2646–2658 doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12313 Minireview Life with compass: diversity and biogeography of magnetotactic bacteria Wei Lin,1,2 Dennis A. Bazylinski,3 Tian Xiao,2,4 the present-day biogeography of MTB, and the ruling Long-Fei Wu2,5 and Yongxin Pan1,2* parameters of their spatial distribution, will eventu- 1Biogeomagnetism Group, Paleomagnetism and ally help us predict MTB community shifts with envi- Geochronology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the ronmental changes and assess their roles in global Earth’s Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and iron cycling. Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China. 2France-China Bio-Mineralization and Nano-Structures Introduction Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Iron is the fourth most common element in the Earth’s 100029, China. crust and a crucial nutrient for almost all known organ- 3 School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada at Las isms. The cycling of iron is one of the key processes in the Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA. Earth’s biogeochemical cycles. A number of organisms 4 Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental synthesize iron minerals and play essential roles in global Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of iron cycling (Westbroek and de Jong, 1983; Winklhofer, Sciences, Qingdao, China. 2010). One of the most interesting examples of these 5 Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, Aix-Marseille types of organisms are the magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), Université, CNRS, Marseille Cedex, France. a polyphyletic group of prokaryotes that are ubiquitous in aquatic and sedimentary environments (Bazylinski Summary and Frankel, 2004; Bazylinski et al., 2013). -
Investigation of the Magnetosome Biomineralization in Magnetotactic Bacteria Using Graphene Liquid Cell – Transmission Electron Microscopy
Nanoscale Investigation of the Magnetosome Biomineralization in Magnetotactic Bacteria using Graphene Liquid Cell – Transmission Electron Microscopy Journal: Nanoscale Manuscript ID NR-ART-10-2018-008647.R1 Article Type: Paper Date Submitted by the 27-Nov-2018 Author: Complete List of Authors: Firlar, Emre; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Bioengineering; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Ouy, Meagan; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Bioengineering Bogdanowicz, Agata; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Bioengineering Covnot, Leigha; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Bioengineering Song, Boao; University of Illinois at Chicago, Mechanical Engineering Department Nadkarni, Yash; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Bioengineering Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza; University of Illinois at Chicago, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering; University of Illinois at Chicago Shokuhfar, Tolou; University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Bioengineering; Michigan Technological University, Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 1 of 8 Please doNanoscale not adjust margins Journal Name ARTICLE Investigation of the Magnetosome Biomineralization in Magnetotactic Bacteria using Graphene Liquid Cell – Transmission Electron Microscopy Received 00th January 20xx, Accepted 00th January 20xx Emre Firlara,b*, Meagan Ouya, Agata Bogdanowicza, Leigha Covnota, Boao Songb, Yash Nadkarnia, DOI: 10.1039/x0xx00000x Reza Shahbazian-Yassarb*, -
Magnetic Properties of Uncultivated Magnetotactic Bacteria and Their Contribution to a Stratified Estuary Iron Cycle
ARTICLE Received 6 Feb 2014 | Accepted 25 Jul 2014 | Published 1 Sep 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5797 Magnetic properties of uncultivated magnetotactic bacteria and their contribution to a stratified estuary iron cycle A.P. Chen1, V.M. Berounsky2, M.K. Chan3, M.G. Blackford4, C. Cady5,w, B.M. Moskowitz6, P. Kraal7, E.A. Lima8, R.E. Kopp9, G.R. Lumpkin4, B.P. Weiss8, P. Hesse1 & N.G.F. Vella10 Of the two nanocrystal (magnetosome) compositions biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB), the magnetic properties of magnetite magnetosomes have been extensively studied using widely available cultures, while those of greigite magnetosomes remain poorly known. Here we have collected uncultivated magnetite- and greigite-producing MTB to determine their magnetic coercivity distribution and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra and to assess the MTB-associated iron flux. We find that compared with magnetite-producing MTB cultures, FMR spectra of uncultivated MTB are characterized by a wider empirical parameter range, thus complicating the use of FMR for fossilized magnetosome (magnetofossil) detection. Furthermore, in stark contrast to putative Neogene greigite magnetofossil records, the coercivity distributions for greigite-producing MTB are fundamentally left-skewed with a lower median. Lastly, a comparison between the MTB-associated iron flux in the investigated estuary and the pyritic-Fe flux in the Black Sea suggests MTB play an important, but heretofore overlooked role in euxinic marine system iron cycle. 1 Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia. 2 Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882, USA. 3 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA. -
A Perspective on Underlying Crystal Growth Mechanisms in Biomineralization: Solution Mediated Growth Versus Nanosphere Particle Accretion
CrystEngComm A perspective on underlying crystal growth mechanisms in biomineralization: solution mediated growth versus nanosphere particle accretion Journal: CrystEngComm Manuscript ID: CE-HIG-07-2014-001474.R1 Article Type: Highlight Date Submitted by the Author: 01-Dec-2014 Complete List of Authors: Gal, Assaf; Weizmann Institute of Science, Structural Biology Weiner, Steve; Weizmann Institute of Science, Structural Biology Addadi, Lia; Weizmann Institute of Science, Structural Biology Page 1 of 23 CrystEngComm A perspective on underlying crystal growth mechanisms in biomineralization: solution mediated growth versus nanosphere particle accretion Assaf Gal, Steve Weiner, and Lia Addadi Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel 76100 Abstract Many organisms form crystals from transient amorphous precursor phases. In the cases where the precursor phases were imaged, they consist of nanosphere particles. Interestingly, some mature biogenic crystals also have nanosphere particle morphology, but some are characterized by crystallographic faces that are smooth at the nanometer level. There are also biogenic crystals that have both crystallographic faces and nanosphere particle morphology. This highlight presents a working hypothesis, stating that some biomineralization processes involve growth by nanosphere particle accretion, where amorphous nanoparticles are incorporated as such into growing crystals and preserve their morphology upon crystallization. This process produces biogenic crystals with a nanosphere particle morphology. Other biomineralization processes proceed by ion-by-ion growth, and some cases of biological crystal growth involve both processes. We also identify several biomineralization processes which do not seem to fit this working hypothesis. It is our hope that this highlight will inspire studies that will shed more light on the underlying crystallization mechanisms in biology. -
Magnetospirillum Gryphiswaldense
Mechanism and regulation of magnetosomal iron uptake and biomineralization in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense Dissertation der Fakultät für Biologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München vorgelegt von René Uebe aus Stralsund München 19.12.2011 II Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. Dirk Schüler 2. Prof. Dr. Heinrich Jung Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02.05.12 III IV Publications and manuscripts originating from this thesis CHAPTER 2 Uebe, R., Voigt, B., Schweder, T., Albrecht, D., Katzmann, E., Lang, C., Böttger, L., Matzanke, B. and Schüler, D. (2010). Deletion of a fur-like gene affects iron homeostasis and magnetosome formation in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. J. Bacteriol. 192: 4192-4204. CHAPTER 3 Uebe, R., Junge, K., Henn, V., Poxleitner, G., Katzmann, E., Plitzko, J. M., Zarivach, R., Kasama, T., Wanner, G., Pósfai, M., Böttger, L., Matzanke, B. and Schüler, D. (2011). The cation diffusion facilitator proteins MamB and MamM of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense have distinct and complex functions, and are involved in magnetite biomineralization and magnetosome membrane assembly. Mol. Microbiol. 82: 818-835. CHAPTER 4 Uebe, R., Henn, V. and Schüler, D. (2012). The MagA protein of magnetospirilla is not involved in bacterial magnetite biomineralization. J. Bacteriol. 194: 1018-1023 V VI INDEX INDEX PUBLICATIONS AND MANUSCRIPTS ORIGINATING FROM THIS THESIS......................V INDEX.................................................................................................................................................VII ABBREVIATIONS -
Cell Structure and Function in the Bacteria and Archaea
4 Chapter Preview and Key Concepts 4.1 1.1 DiversityThe Beginnings among theof Microbiology Bacteria and Archaea 1.1. •The BacteriaThe are discovery classified of microorganismsinto several Cell Structure wasmajor dependent phyla. on observations made with 2. theThe microscope Archaea are currently classified into two 2. •major phyla.The emergence of experimental 4.2 Cellscience Shapes provided and Arrangements a means to test long held and Function beliefs and resolve controversies 3. Many bacterial cells have a rod, spherical, or 3. MicroInquiryspiral shape and1: Experimentation are organized into and a specific Scientificellular c arrangement. Inquiry in the Bacteria 4.31.2 AnMicroorganisms Overview to Bacterialand Disease and Transmission Archaeal 4.Cell • StructureEarly epidemiology studies suggested how diseases could be spread and 4. Bacterial and archaeal cells are organized at be controlled the cellular and molecular levels. 5. • Resistance to a disease can come and Archaea 4.4 External Cell Structures from exposure to and recovery from a mild 5.form Pili allowof (or cells a very to attach similar) to surfacesdisease or other cells. 1.3 The Classical Golden Age of Microbiology 6. Flagella provide motility. Our planet has always been in the “Age of Bacteria,” ever since the first 6. (1854-1914) 7. A glycocalyx protects against desiccation, fossils—bacteria of course—were entombed in rocks more than 3 billion 7. • The germ theory was based on the attaches cells to surfaces, and helps observations that different microorganisms years ago. On any possible, reasonable criterion, bacteria are—and always pathogens evade the immune system. have been—the dominant forms of life on Earth. -
Geobiology of Marine Magnetotactic Bacteria Sheri Lynn Simmons
Geobiology of Marine Magnetotactic Bacteria by Sheri Lynn Simmons A.B., Princeton University, 1999 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Oceanography at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY and the WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION June 2006 c Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 2006. Author.............................................................. Joint Program in Oceanography Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution May 19, 2006 Certified by. Katrina J. Edwards Associate Scientist, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Thesis Supervisor Accepted by......................................................... Ed DeLong Chair, Joint Committee for Biological Oceanography Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Geobiology of Marine Magnetotactic Bacteria by Sheri Lynn Simmons Submitted to the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY and the WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION on May 19, 2006, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Oceanography Abstract Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) biomineralize intracellular membrane-bound crystals of magnetite (Fe3O4) or greigite (Fe3S4), and are abundant in the suboxic to anoxic zones of stratified marine environments worldwide. Their population densities (up to 105 cells ml−1) and high intracellular iron content suggest a potentially significant role in iron -
Properties of Magnetosome Suspension Under the in Uence Of
Vol. 127 (2015) ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A No. 2 Proceedings of the European Conference Physics of Magnetism, Pozna« 2014 Properties of Magnetosome Suspension under the Inuence of Magnetic Field A. Józefczaka;*, M. Mol£anb, Z. Rozynekc;d, T. Hornowskia, A. Skumiela, M. Timkob, J. Tóthováe, P. Kop£anskýb and B. Leszczy«skia;f aInstitute of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Pozna«, Poland bInstitute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 040 01 Ko²ice, Slovakia cInstitute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland dDepartment of Physics, NTNU, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway eDepartment of Physics, Technical University of Ko²ice, Park Komenského 2, 042 00 Ko²ice, Slovakia f NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Pozna«, Poland The magnetotactic bacteria synthesize chains of nanosized magnetic particles that function as a compass nee- dle to navigate in the direction of the earth's magnetic eld. Magnetosomes are bacterial magnetic nanoparticles containing iron mineral crystals of magnetite or greigite, enveloped by a natural biological membrane. The objec- tive of the work is to study the inuence of magnetic eld on rheology and acoustic properties of magnetosome suspension. Experimental results show a clear eect of the external magnetic eld on the acoustic parameters such as velocity and attenuation of ultrasonic wave, and the viscosity of the suspension, arising from the biogenic magnetic particles aggregation. DOI: 10.12693/APhysPolA.127.629 PACS: 75.50.Mm, 43.35.Bf 1. Introduction Magnetosome suspension properties change under the inuence of the magnetic eld, similar to that of magnetic uid. -
Magnetotactic Bacteria
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by MPG.PuRe Eur. Phys. J. Special Topics 225, 2173–2188 (2016) © The Author(s) 2016 THE EUROPEAN DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2016-60055-y PHYSICAL JOURNAL SPECIAL TOPICS Review Magnetotactic bacteria Magnetic navigation on the microscale Stefan Klumpp1,2,a and Damien Faivre3 1 Institute for Nonlinear Dynamics, Georg August University G¨ottingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 G¨ottingen,Germany 2 Department Theory & Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany 3 Department Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany Received 17 February 2016 / Received in final form 19 April 2016 Published online 10 November 2016 Abstract. Magnetotactic bacteria are aquatic microorganisms with the ability to swim along the field lines of a magnetic field, which in their natural environment is provided by the magnetic field of the Earth. They do so with the help of specialized magnetic organelles called mag- netosomes, vesicles containing magnetic crystals. Magnetosomes are aligned along cytoskeletal filaments to give linear structures that can function as intracellular compass needles. The predominant viewpoint is that the cells passively align with an external magnetic field, just like a macroscopic compass needle, but swim actively along the field lines, propelled by their flagella. In this minireview, we give an introduction to this intriguing bacterial behavior and discuss recent advances in understanding it, with a focus on the swimming directionality, which is not only affected by magnetic fields, but also by gradients of the oxygen concentration. -
Magnetically Controlled Vector Based on E Coli Nissle 1917 S.V. Gorobets1, O.Yu
Magnetically controlled vector based on E coli Nissle 1917 S.V. Gorobets1, O.Yu. Gorobets1,2*, I.V. Sharau2, Yu.V. Milenko1 1National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», 37 Peremohy Ave., 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine 2Institute of Magnetism of NAS and MES of Ukraine, 36b Acad. Vernadskoho Blvd., 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine *Correspondent author e-mail: [email protected], National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», 37 Peremohy Ave., 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine Introduction For decades gene or protein replacement therapy has been proposed as means of preventing and treating various human diseases, in particular cancer [1] and monogenic diseases such as hemophilia and cystic disease, fibrosis [2–5]. The delivery of proteins or nucleic acids to the target cells is carried out through various mechanisms; these include viral vectors, electroporation, microinjection, lipofection, and others [6,7]. In the past, most researchers have focused on the use of viral vectors that have high delivery efficiency for gene therapy [6]. However, some drawbacks have been noted for viral transduction methods, including: primarily safety of use [8,9], high cost, short-lived bioactivity, size limitation for DNA payload, and problems with immunogenicity and cytotoxicity [6,10,11]. As a result, alternative methods of creating vectors for targeted drug and DNA delivery are being explored. In the mid-1990s, the benefits of using bacterial carriers as vectors for delivery of eukaryotic plasmids were introduced with different bacteria being investigated such as Shigella, S. typhimurium, Salmonellatyphi, S. flexneri, L. Monocytogenes, E. coli and others [12–17]. E. coli is an integral part of the human gastrointestinal flora and is therefore considered as an alternative for delivery through the gut when using gene therapy. -
Iron-Biomineralizing Organelle in Magnetotactic Bacteria: Function
Iron-biomineralizing organelle in magnetotactic bacteria: function, synthesis and preservation in ancient rock samples Matthieu Amor, François Mathon, Caroline Monteil, Vincent Busigny, Christopher Lefèvre To cite this version: Matthieu Amor, François Mathon, Caroline Monteil, Vincent Busigny, Christopher Lefèvre. Iron- biomineralizing organelle in magnetotactic bacteria: function, synthesis and preservation in ancient rock samples. Environmental Microbiology, Society for Applied Microbiology and Wiley-Blackwell, 2020, 10.1111/1462-2920.15098. hal-02919104 HAL Id: hal-02919104 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02919104 Submitted on 7 Nov 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Iron-biomineralizing organelle in magnetotactic bacteria: function, synthesis 2 and preservation in ancient rock samples 3 4 Matthieu Amor1, François P. Mathon1,2, Caroline L. Monteil1 , Vincent Busigny2,3, Christopher 5 T. Lefevre1 6 7 1Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CEA, UMR7265 Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnologies 8 of Aix-Marseille, CEA Cadarache, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France 9 2Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France. 10 3Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France 11 1 12 Abstract 13 Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) are ubiquitous aquatic microorganisms that incorporate iron 14 from their environment to synthesize intracellular nanoparticles of magnetite (Fe3O4) or 15 greigite (Fe3S4) in a genetically controlled manner.