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Ge University دوره دﻛﺘﺮي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ اﻳﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ر ﺷﺘﻪ دوره دﻛﺘﺮي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ اﻳﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻴﺎز ﻛﺸﻮر از ﺳﺎل 1381 در داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن را اﻧﺪازي ﺷﺪه و ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﻫﺮﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﮔﺮوه ﺗﻌﺪاي داﻧﺸﺠﻮ از ﻣﻴﺎن داوﻃﻠﺒﻴﻦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺎرغ اﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻼن آن اﻣﺮوز در ﻣﺮاﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﭘ ﮋوﻫﺸﻲ و اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣ ﺖ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ . ﺿﺮورت درك و درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ از ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻛﺸﻮرﻣﺎن اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘ ﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش داﻣﻨﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺖ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﻀﻼت ا ﻣﺮوزي و آﻳﻨﺪه ﻧﮕﺮي و روﻳﻜﺮد ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎزﻧﺪه ، ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . از اﻳﻦ رو ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ و ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺗﻮاﻧﻤﻨ ﺪ در اﻳﻦ ﺣﻮزه ﺑﺮاي ﻛﺸﻮر اﻣﺮي ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ . اﻟﻒ - ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد : : ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ د از زﻣﺎن راه اﻧﺪازي اﻳﻦ ﮔﺮاﻳ ﺶ د رﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه و ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﻋﻠﻲ رﻏﻢ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ زﻣﺎن و ﻣﻘﺘﻀ ﻴﺎت و روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮي در آن ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ اﺻﻼح ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺟ ﻮد ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮا ن ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺷﻤﺮد : : 1 - ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮح ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت و روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ در ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻳﺮان ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮ د ﭘﺎﺳﺨﮕﻮي ﺿﺮورﺗﻬﺎ و روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻮ ﻳﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ. 2 - ﺑﺮﺧﻲ دروس ﻫﻤﭙﻮﺷﺎﻧﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﻜﺮاري ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ را در ﺑﺮدارﻧﺪ. 3 - ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ دروس ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺣﻮز ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻳﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺗﻮازن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻧﺪارد. 4 - ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣ ﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ و دروس ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻳﺮان در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻮرد ﻏﻔﻠﺖ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ. 5 - ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از دروس ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﻟﺬا ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ دﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ دروس ﺿﺮوري اﺳﺖ. 6 - ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاي دروس ﻛﺎﻓﻲ ﻧﺒﻮده ﻟﺬا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﺄﺧﺬ دروس ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. 7 - در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺗ ﻜﻠﻴﻒ اﺳﺘﺎد، داﻧﺸﺠﻮ و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﻲ ارزﺷ ﻴﺎﺑﻲ دروس ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺪه ﺑﻮد. ب - اﻫﺪاف ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ درﺳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد : : 1 - ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮورﺗﻬﺎ و ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت و روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﺟﺪﻳﺪ در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت و ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ دروس و ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎت ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 2 - دروس اﻟ ﺰاﻣﻲ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﭘ ﻨﺞ درس ﻣﻌﺎدل 10 واﺣﺪ درﺳﻲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه . درس ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اداري ، ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻳﺮان ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺳﻼم در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ دو درس ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﻳﺮان از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﻳﺮان از 1 ﺻ ﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ . اﻓﺰون ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ دو درس رواﺑﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ اﻳﺮان از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ و رواﺑﻂ ﺧﺎ رﺟﻲ اﻳﺮان از ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ و درس ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارك آرﺷﻴﻮﻳﻲ و ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دروس اﻟﺰاﻣﻲ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 3 - دروس اﺧﺘﻴﺎري در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ 9 درس و 18 واﺣﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه ﻛﻪ دروس ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﺮﻛﺴﺘﺎن در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺗﺎرﻳ ﺨﻲ اﻳﺮان دوره اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ اﻳﺮان و ﻗﻔﻘﺎز در دوره اﺳﻼﻣﻲ و ﻧ ﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻟﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻳﺮان در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ از ﻋﻨﺎوﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻳﺮان ﺗﻮﺟﻪ دار .د 4 - ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﺮاي ﻫﻤﻪ دروس ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ. 5 - روﻳﻜﺮدﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ در ﻣﺤﺘﻮا و ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺎي دروس ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮا ر ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. 6 - ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ در ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺳﺮﻓﺼﻞ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮي اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. 2 دروس ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ دﻛﺘﺮي ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﮔﺮاﻳﺶ اﻳﺮان اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﻳﺮان از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ١ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﻳﺮان از ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ٢ رواﺑﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ اﻳ ﺮان از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ٣ رواﺑﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ اﻳﺮان از ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ٤ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﻣﺪارك آرﺷﻴﻮي و ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ٥ دروس اﺧﺘﻴﺎري ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻧﮕﺎري در اﻳﺮان ١ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ اﻳﺮان ٢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ اﻳﺮان ٣ ﻣﻠﻞ و ﻧﺤﻞ و ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ٤ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎ و ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ اﻳﺮان ﺑﻌﺪ از اﺳﻼم ٥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﺮﻛﺴﺘﺎن در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ اﻳﺮان دوره ٦ اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎرﻳﺨﻲ اﻳﺮان و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻗﻔﻘﺎز در دوره اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ٧ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻣﺎﻟﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻳﺮان در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻪ ٨ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ اﻳﺮان ٩ 3 ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﻳﺮان از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ Iran's Evolutions from Islam to Safavid Dynasty : : 2 : : ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ : : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اداري، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ اﻳﺮان از ﻓﺮ وﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ : : ـ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻋﻠﻞ ﻓﺮوﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻲ - زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺘﻮﺣﺎت اﺳﻼﻣﻲ در اﻳﺮان ـ اﻳﺮان در ﺳﺪه ﻫﺎي ﻧﺨﺴﺖ اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ـ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻬﺎي اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﺪه ﻫﺎي ﺳﻮم و ﭼﻬﺎرم ﻫﺠﺮي ﻗﻤﺮي ـ ﺗﺮﻛﺎن در ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﻳﺮان ﺑﻌﺪ ا ز اﺳﻼم ـ ﺗﺤﻮل ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ و اداري اﻳﺮان از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ـ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ و ﻣﺪﻧﻲ اﻳﺮان از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ـ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﻗﻮﻣﻲ و ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺘﻲ اﻳﺮان از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ !"#$ * * * :% & - اﺑﻦ اﺳﻔﻨﺪﻳﺎر، م . (1366 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻃﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎن ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻋﺒﺎس اﻗﺒﺎل ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﭘﺪﻳﺪه ﺧﺎور . 4 ـ اﺷﭙﻮﻟﺮ، ب . ( 1364 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻳﺮان در ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻗﺮون اﺳﻼﻣﻲ ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺟﻮاد ﻓﻼﻃﻮﺳﻲ 1ج). ﭼﺎپ دوم . ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ . ـ ﺑﺎرﺗﻮﻟﺪ، و (د. 1366 ). ﺗﺮﻛﺴﺘﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﻪ ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻛﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﺸﺎورز ﺗ) . ﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات آﮔﺎه . ـ ﺑﻴﻬﻘﻲ، ا . ( 1362 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﻴﻬﻘﻲ ( ﺑﻪ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻏﻨﻲ و ﻓﻴﺎض ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺧﻮاﺟﻮ . ـ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻲ، ش . ( 1371 ). دﻳﻦ و دوﻟﺖ در اﻳﺮان ﻋﻬﺪ ﻣﻐﻮل 2ج. ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺸﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ . ـ ﺑﻮﻳﻞ، ج . ( 1366 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻳﺮان ﻛﻤﺒﺮﻳﺞ ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﺣﺴﻦ اﻧﻮﺷﻪ ). 5ج . ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎ رات اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ . ـ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎن . ( 1366 ). ( ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﻠﻚ اﻟﺸﻌﺮاي ﺑﻬﺎر ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻛﻼﻟﻪ ﺧﺎور . ـ ﺟﻮﻳﻨﻲ، ع ع. ( 1376 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﺸﺎ ( ﺑﻪ ﺳﻌﻲ و اﻫﺘﻤﺎم و ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﻗﺰوﻳﻨﻲ ). ﭼﺎپ ﭼﻬﺎرم . ﺗﻬﺮان : ارﻏﻮان . ـ ﺣﺎﻓﻆ اﺑﺮو، ع . ( 1372 ). زﺑﺪه اﻟﺘﻮارﻳﺦ ( ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ، ﺗﺼﺤ ﻴﺢ و ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت ﺳﻴﺪﻛﻤﺎل ﺣﺎج ﺳﻴﺪﺟﻮادي 1ج). 2و . ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ .ﻧﻲ .ﻧﻲ ـ دﻳﻨﻮري، ا . ( 1366 ). اﺧﺒﺎراﻟﻄﻮال ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﻬﺪوي داﻣﻐﺎﻧﻲ ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ ﻧﻲ . ـ زرﻳﻦ ﻛﻮب، ع . ( 1368 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﺮدم اﻳﺮان از ﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﺳﺎﺳﺎﻧﻴﺎن ﺗﺎ ﭘﺎﻳﺎن آل ﺑﻮﻳﻪ . ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ . ـ ﺻﺎﺑﻲ، ا . ( ﺑﻲ ﺗﺎ ). اﻟﺘﺎﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ اﺧﺒﺎر اﻟﺪوﻟﻪ اﻟﺪﻳﻌﻤﻴﻪ ( اﺧﺒﺎر اﺋﻤﻪ اﻟﺰﻳﺪﻳﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻃﺒﺮﺳﺘﺎن و دﻳﻠﻤﺎن و ﺟﺒﻼن ) ( ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ وﻳﻠﻔﺮد ﻣﺎدﻟﻮﻧﮓ ). ﺑﻴﺮوت : داراﻟﻨﺸﺮ . ـ ﻃﺒﺮي، م . ( 1352 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﺮﺳﻞ و اﻟﻤﻠﻮك ﻓﺎرﺳﻲ ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﺑﻮاﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﭘﺎﻳﻨﺪه ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﺑﻨﻴﺎد ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ اﻳﺮان . ـ ﻓﺮاي، ر ن. ( 1363 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻳﺮان ﻛﻤﺒﺮﻳﺞ 4ج. ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ . ـ ﮔﺮدﻳﺰي، ع . ( 1363 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﮔﺮدﻳﺰي ( زﻳﻦ اﻻﺧﺒﺎر ) ( ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﺣﺒﻴﺒﻲ ). ﺗﻬﺮان : دﻧﻴﺎي ﻛﺘﺎب . ـ ﮔﺮوﺳﻪ، ر . ( 1368 ). اﻣﭙﺮاﺗﻮري ﺻﺤﺮاﻧﻮردان ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻜﺪه ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻋﻠﻤﻲ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ. - Brown, E. (1955 ). Literary History of Persia. Cambridge University. - Raby, J & Fitzherbert,(1994 ). The Court of the Ilkhans .Oxford: university of Oxford. - Irwin, R. ( 1986 ). The Middle East in middle ages (The early Mamlouk sultanate). London. 5 ' ( )*' +,- Iran' Evolutions from Safavid Dynasty to Contemporary Times : : 2 : : ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ : : ﺗﺒﻴﻴﻦ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ از ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻗﺎﺟﺎر : : ـ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮي ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻬﺎي ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ، اﻓﺸﺎرﻳﻪ، زﻧﺪﻳﻪ و ﻗﺎﺟﺎرﻳﻪ ـ ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﻧﻈﺎم ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اداري، ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي از ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ـ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﻧﻬﺎدﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ـ ﻓﺮﻫﻨ ﮓ و ﺗﻤﺪن اﻳﺮان از ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ـ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎي ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ و ﻣﺬﻫﺒﻲ ـ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻗﺪرت و راﺑﻄﻪ دﻳﻦ و دوﻟﺖ !"#$ * * * : : % & - اﺳﺘﺮآﺑﺎدي، م (م. 1341 ). ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﺸﺎي ﻧﺎدري ( ﺑﻪ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻋﺒﺪاﷲ اﻧﻮار ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﻧﺠﻤﻦ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻠﻲ . ـ ﭘﺎﻟﻤﺮ، ر . ( 1347 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺟﻬﺎن ﻧﻮ ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﺑﻮاﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﻃﺎﻫﺮي ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ . ـ ﺗﺎﺟﺒﺨﺶ، ا (. 1340 ). اﻳﺮان در زﻣﺎن ﺻﻔﻮي . ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻣﻬﺮ. - ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎن، ا ب. ( 1364 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ آراي ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻲ . ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻃﻠﻮع و ﺳﻴﺮوس . ـ ﺣﺎﺋﺮي، ع . ( 1367 ). ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ روﻳﺎروﻳﻲ ﻫﺎي اﻧﺪﻳﺸﮕﺮان ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺪن ﺑﻮرژوازي ﻏﺮب . ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ . 6 - ﺣﺰﻳﻦ، م ع. ( 1375 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ و ﺳﻔﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺣﺰﻳﻦ . ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﺳﻨﺎد اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﻲ . - آدﻣﻴﺖ، ف . ( 1334 ). اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴ ﺮ و اﻳﺮان. ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ . - ﺟﻬﺎﻧﮕﻴﺮ .م، ( 1327 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻧﻮ ( ﺑﻪ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ع . اﻗﺒﺎل ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ . - ﺧﻮاﻧﺪﻣﻴﺮ، غ . ( 1324 ). ﺣﺒﻴﺐ اﻟﺴﻴﺮ ( ﮔﺮدآورﻧﺪه ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻧﻮاﻳﻲ ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻳﺎدﮔﺎر . - دوﻟﺖ آﺑﺎدي، ي . ( 1327 ). ﺣﻴﺎت ﻳﺤﻴﻲ. ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ . ـ ﺳﻴﻮري، ر . ( 1373 ) اﻳﺮان ﻋﺼﺮ ﺻﻔﻮي ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﺒﻴﺰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪي ). ﺗﻬﺮان . ـ ﺷﻌﺒﺎﻧﻲ، ع (ر. 1369 ). ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ اﻳﺮان . ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻗﺪس . - ﺷﻤﻴﻢ، ع ّ(ا. 1342 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻳﺮان دوره ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ ﻗﺎﺟﺎر. ﺗﻬ ﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ . ـ ﻓﻠﻮر و . ( 1367 ). ﺑﺮاﻓﺘﺎدن ﺻﻔﻮﻳﺎن و ﺑﺮآﻣﺪن ﻣﺤﻤﻮد اﻓﻐﺎن ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ اﺑﻮاﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺳﺮي ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺗﻮس . - ﻛﺎﻇﻢ زاده، ف . ( 1371 ). روس و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ در اﻳﺮان ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ م . اﻣﻴﺮي ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ ﺳـﺎزﻣﺎن اﻧﺘﺸـﺎرات و آﻣـﻮزش اﻧﻘﻼب اﺳﻼﻣﻲ . - ﻛﺴﺮوي، ا . ( 1330 .) ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﻣﺸﺮوﻃﻪ اﻳﺮان. ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴ ﺮ . ﺮ - ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎﻧﻪ، ا . ( 1344 ). ﻣﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﻮارﻳﺦ ( ﺑﻪ اﻫﺘﻤﺎم و ﺳﻌﻲ ﻣﺪرﺳﺮﺿﻮي ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﻨﺎ . ـ ﻻﻛﻬﺎرت ل . ( 1368 ). اﻧﻘﺮاض ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻗﻠﻲ ﻋﻤﺎد ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻣﺮوارﻳﺪ . - ﻣﺤﻤﻮد، م . ( 1345 ). ﺗ ﺎرﻳﺦ رواﺑﻂ ﺳ ﻴﺎﺳﻲ اﻳﺮان و اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺲ. 8 ج. ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ اﻗﺒﺎل . - ﻣﺮﻋﺸﻲ ﺻﻔﻮي، م خ. خ. ( 1362 ). ﻣﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺘﻮارﻳﺦ ( ﺗﺼﻴﺢ و اﻫﺘﻤﺎم ﻋﺒﺎس اﻗﺒﺎل ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺎﺷﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﻬﻮري . - ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻓﻲ، ع . ( 1341 ). ﺷﺮح زﻧﺪﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ. ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ زوار. - ﻣﺰاوي، م . ( 1362 ). ﭘﻴﺪاﻳﺶ دوﻟﺖ ﺻﻔﻮي ( ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻳﻌﻘﻮب آژﻧﺪ ). ﺗﻬﺮ ان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﮔﺴﺘﺮه . - ﻣﻴﻨﻮرﺳﻜﻲ، و . ( 1334 ). ﺗﺬﻛﺮه اﻟﻤﻠﻮك . ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﺷﺶ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ دﺑﻴﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﻲ ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات زوار . - ﻣﻮﺳﻮي اﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﻲ، م . ص . ( 1364 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﮔﻴﺘﻲ ﮔﺸﺎي ( ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻧﻔﻴﺴﻲ ). ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﻗﺒﺎل . - ﻧﻮﻳﺪي، ز ع. ( 1369 ). ﺗﻜﻤﻠﻪ اﻻﺧﺒﺎر ( ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ وﺗﺼﻴﺢ ﻋﺒﺪا ﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻧﻮاﻳﻲ ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﻧﺸﺮ ﻧﻲ . - وﺣﻴﺪ ﻗﺰوﻳﻨﻲ، م ط. ( 1384 ). ﻋﺒﺎﺳﻨﺎﻣﻪ ( ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ وﺗﺼﻴﺢ و ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻘﺎت ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﺻﺎدق ) ( زﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ اﺣﺴﺎن اﺷﺮاﻗﻲ ). ﺗﻬﺮان : ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺎه ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻲ و ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ . ـ ﻫﻮﺷﻨﮓ ﻣﻬﺪوي، ع . ( 1364 ). ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ رواﺑﻂ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ اﻳﺮان . ﺗﻬﺮان : اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﻣﻴﺮﻛﺒﻴﺮ . - Savory, R. ( 1987 ). Studies on the History of Safavid Iran. London. - Perry, J. ( 1979 ). Karim Khan zand, A History of Iran . Chicago. London. 7 )*' ./ 0 1 2# Iran's Diplomatic Relationships from Islam to Safavid Dynasty : : 2 : : ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ : : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎ دول ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ از اﺳﻼم ﺗﺎ ﺻﻔﻮﻳﻪ : : ـ رواﺑﻂ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺘﻬﺎي ﻣﺘﻘﺎرن ـ رواﺑﻂ و ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺮك ﻧﮋاد - رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻐﻮﻻن و اﻋﺮاب - رواﺑﻂ ﻣﻐﻮﻻن ﺑﺎ دوﻟﺘﻬﺎي اروﭘﺎﻳﻲ - اﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎن اﻳﺮان و اوﻟﻮس ﻫﺎي ﻣﻐﻮل ـ رواﺑﻂ اﻳﻠﺨﺎﻧﺎن و ﻣﻤﺎﻟﻴﻚ ـ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ ﺗﻴﻤﻮرﻳﺎن ـ رواﺑﻂ ﺗﻴﻤﻮرﻳﺎن و ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻧﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ - رواﺑﻂ ﺗﺮﻛﻤﺎﻧﺎن آق ﻗﻮﻳﻮﻧﻠﻮ ﺑﺎ اﻋﺮاب !"#$ * * * : : % & - آذري، ع .
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    Intl. J. Humianities (2011) Vol. 18 (2): (63-87) Paleolithic Archaeology in Iran Hamed Vahdati Nasab 1 Received:21/9/2010 Accepted:27/2/2011 Abstract Although the Iranian plateau has witnessed Paleolithic researches since the early twenty century, still little is known about the Paleolithic of Iran. There are several reasons for this situation and lack of scholarly enthusiasm on the part of Iranian archaeologists seems to be the most imperative one. Concerning the history of Paleolithic surveys and excavations conducted in Iran, three distinct phases are recognizable. First, from the beginning of the twenty century to the 1980 when numerous field missions were executed in this region all by western institutes, second phase observes a twenty years gap in the Paleolithic studies hence; only few surveys could be performed in this period, and the third phase starts with the reopening of the Iranian fields to the non-Iranian researchers, which led to the survey and excavation of handful of new Paleolithic sites. This article reviews Paleolithic researches conducted in Iran since the beginning of twenty century to the present time. Keywords: Paleolithic, Iran, Zagros, Alborz Downloaded from eijh.modares.ac.ir at 4:34 IRST on Monday September 27th 2021 1. Assistant Professor of Archaeology, Faculty of Humianities, Tarbiat Modares University. [email protected] Paleolithic Archaeology in Iran Intl. J. Humianities (2010) Vol. 18 (1) Introduction The most peculiar point about the Iranian Iran is surrounded by some of the most Paleolithic is the absence of any hominid significant Paleolithic sites in the world. To its remains with just few exceptions (e.g.
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  • Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nineteenth-Century Iran
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  • Echogéo, 45 | 2018 Geographic Expressions of Social Change in Iran 2
    EchoGéo 45 | 2018 Déclinaisons géographiques du changement social en Iran Geographic expressions of social change in Iran Introduction Amin Moghadam, Mina Saïdi-Sharouz and Serge Weber Electronic version URL: https://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/17780 DOI: 10.4000/echogeo.17780 ISSN: 1963-1197 Publisher Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (CNRS UMR 8586) Electronic reference Amin Moghadam, Mina Saïdi-Sharouz and Serge Weber, “Geographic expressions of social change in Iran”, EchoGéo [Online], 45 | 2018, Online since 05 September 2019, connection on 11 August 2021. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/echogeo/17780 ; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/echogeo.17780 This text was automatically generated on 11 August 2021. EchoGéo est mis à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Pas de Modification 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND) Geographic expressions of social change in Iran 1 Geographic expressions of social change in Iran Introduction Amin Moghadam, Mina Saïdi-Sharouz and Serge Weber 1 Publishing a thematic issue of a geography journal on Iran in the second half of the 2010s is both a fascinating endeavor and a challenge. Over the past few years, the Islamic Republic of Iran has been the focus of much attention. H. Rohani’s election for President in 2013 brought the moderates back into power after two mandates with conservative M. Ahmadinejad. The reopening of multilateral negotiations on Iran’s infamous nuclear program was interpreted as a thaw in US-Iran relations, leading up to the Geneva agreement in 2015 which arranged for a gradual lift of international economic and diplomatic sanctions against the country.
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  • The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan
    The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan George Fiske Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 © 2012 George Fiske All rights reserved ABSTRACT The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan George Fiske This study examines the socioeconomics of state formation in medieval Afghanistan in historical and historiographic terms. It outlines the thousand year history of Ghaznavid historiography by treating primary and secondary sources as a continuum of perspectives, demonstrating the persistent problems of dynastic and political thinking across periods and cultures. It conceptualizes the geography of Ghaznavid origins by framing their rise within specific landscapes and histories of state formation, favoring time over space as much as possible and reintegrating their experience with the general histories of Iran, Central Asia, and India. Once the grand narrative is illustrated, the scope narrows to the dual process of monetization and urbanization in Samanid territory in order to approach Ghaznavid obstacles to state formation. The socioeconomic narrative then shifts to political and military specifics to demythologize the rise of the Ghaznavids in terms of the framing contexts described in the previous chapters. Finally, the study specifies the exact combination of culture and history which the Ghaznavids exemplified to show their particular and universal character and suggest future paths for research. The Socioeconomics of State Formation in Medieval Afghanistan I. General Introduction II. Perspectives on the Ghaznavid Age History of the literature Entrance into western European discourse Reevaluations of the last century Historiographic rethinking Synopsis III.
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  • STRATEGIC REPORT / JULY 2019 Jakub Hodek , Miguel Panadero
    IRAN STRATEGIC REPORT / JULY 2019 Jakub Hodek , Miguel Panadero © 2019 Jakub Hodek, Miguel Panadero Center for Global Affairs & Strategic Studies Universidad de Navarra Facultad de Derecho–Relaciones Internacionales Campus Pamplona: 31009 Pamplona Campus Madrid: Marquesado Sta. Marta 3, 28027 Madrid https://www.unav.edu/web/global-affairs STRATEGIC REPORT: IRAN 3 General Index Introduction 4 General analysis of the geopolitical situation in the Middle East 5 Geography of the Middle East 6 Religion and the Sunni-Shia division 8 Brief overview of the new balance of power in the Middle East 10 The Islamic Republic of Iran 11 Geography of Iran 12 Ethnic composition 13 Strategic interests, Shia crescent 15 Before and after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 16 Domestic scene in Iran 17 SWOT analysis of the Islamic Republic of Iran 20 United States of America 21 The evolution of the JCPOA and the US-Iran relations and possible scenarios 22 Chart 1. Simple scenarios on U.S. - Iran relations. Horizon 2024 27 Russia and Iran 29 China and Iran 30 Saudi Arabia 34 Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 36 Syria 39 Chart 2. The evolution of the conflict in Syria. Horizon 2024 41 Lebanon 42 Conclusions 45 Bibliography 46 4 GLOBAL AFFAIRS, JULY 2019 G Introduction This report will provide an in-depth analysis of Iran's role in the Middle East and its impact on the regional power balance. Studying current political and economic developments will assist in the elaboration of multiple scenarios that aim to help understand the context surrounding our subject. For the purposes of offering a more accurate prognosis, this report will examine Iran's geopolitical presence and interests in the region, economic vulnerability and energy security, social and demographic aspects and internal political dynamics.
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  • How Iranian People Engage Sport and Physical Education Regarding Managerial Changes from the Beginning of Achaemenian Dynasty to End of Pahlavi Kingdom
    US-China Education Review A 7 (2012) 676-683 Earlier title: US-China Education Review, ISSN 1548-6613 D DAVID PUBLISHING How Iranian People Engage Sport and Physical Education Regarding Managerial Changes From the Beginning of Achaemenian Dynasty to End of Pahlavi Kingdom Ali Afsari, Reza Sattar Shiraz Teacher Training Center, Shiraz, Iran Sport and physical education has been changed in Iran regarding historical, social, political, and economical and managerial changes, situation of political and natural geography, religion, social, and political movements. Sport and physical education, as one of elements affecting individual and social life of Iranian people in the history (Javid, 1971), is affected by several factors which are considered in this research with regard to the social and political life of Iranian people either in variety or in development and changes, in implementation, particularly in the management method. In this study, changes affecting sport and physical education have been investigated considering library references and historical documents in three periods: before Islam, after Islam to parliamentary, and from parliamentary to collapse of Pahlavi regime. Types of games and sports have been studied from the oldest time up to now regarding shaping and managerial changes. Finally, using typology method, three periods have been compared with each other. In addition, the role of social factors and the role of cultural attitudes have been studied in developing female sport. Keywords: physical education, sport, Iranian games, management of physical education, religion and sport Introduction Studying life of past people is a solution for picture’s future lives and for those who forget their pasts condemn repeating it.
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  • An Historical Geography of Iran
    MODERN CLASSICS IN NEAR EASTERN STUDIES AN HISTORICAL GENERAL EDITORS: CHARLES ISSA WI GEOGRAPHY OF AND BERN ARD LEWIS IRAN W. BARTHOLD TRANSLATED BY SVAT SOUCEK EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY C. E. BOSWORTH , ,_I•' .. .... - 2 s - 1935 n './ .__ .- PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY CONTENTS Copyright © 1984 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 List of Abbreviations In the United Kingdom: VII Princeton University Press, Guildford, Surrey Editor's Introduction by C. E. Bosworth IX ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Introduction 3 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data I. Bactria, Balkh, and Tukharistan 6 will be found on the last printed page of this book ISBN 0-691-05418-5 II. Marw and the Course of the Murghab 35 Publication of this book has been aided by a grant from III. Harat and the Course of the Harl Rud 47 The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation IV. Sistan, the Southern Part of Afghanistan, and This book has been composed in Linotron Baskerville Ba!Uchistan 64 Clothbound editions of Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and binding materials V. Khurasan 87 are chosen for strength and durability. VI. Qumis and Gurgan 112 Printed in the United States of America by VI I. Ray and Hamadan 121 Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey VIII. Quhistan, Kirman, and Makran 133 Translated from the Russian Istoriko-geograficheskii obzor lrana (Moscow, 1971 ). IX. Fars The translation of this volume was made possible through a grant from 148 the translation program of the National Endowment for the Humanities, X.
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  • Denominations and Titles of Rulers in Iran in Pre-Islam Era
    J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(12)12311-12320, 2012 ISSN 2090-4304 Journal of Basic and Applied © 2012, TextRoad Publication Scientific Research www.textroad.com Denominations and Titles of Rulers in Iran in Pre-Islam Era Mehrangiz Kiani Haft Lang PhD Candidate in the Field of Ancient Culture and Languages at the Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ABSTRACT Rulers of ancient Iran applied abundance of denominations and titles to disseminate their beliefs and views. A number of such denominations and titles were selected in compliance with their predecessors and others were picked as the result of other factors in the course of time. Through denominations and titles, rulers principally tried to exhibit their sovereignty, supremacy, and sanctity among people. A glimpse at the history and civilization of past peoples paves the way for the investigation of denominations and titles of rulers in old days and factors leading to their formation. KEYWORDS: title – denomination – ruler – history – sovereignty –people INTRODUCTION Generally, the human history is conferred of ascending trend and promoting nature. Therefore, socializations and communications mainly brought about the development of nations. Past civilizations were an impact on communities and occasionally modifications were exerted into the social values and conceptions and occasionally the earlier patterns were obeyed. The application of denominations and titles in Iran is traced back to a long time ago. Monarchs and heads of tribes were mostly characterized through their denominations and titles. Interestingly, Iranians applied their denominations and titles far more than their real names, and desire for denominations and love of titles has preponderated in the culture of this territory.
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  • And 'Ethnicity'
    ABSTRACT MELLAT AND QOWM: A POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ‘NATION’ AND ‘ETHNICITY’ IN IRAN by Sanan Moradi This thesis examines the Iranian state’s policies towards its ethnic minority regions. The thesis attempts to explain how categories of ‘nation’ and ‘ethnicity’ are constructed as ‘mellat’ and ‘qowm’ through dominant political discourses. Afterwards, the thesis demonstrates how such categories have influenced state’s policies of economic development. The thesis argues that the state has long avoided developing ethnic minority regions, due to perceiving such regions as “unsafe”. Over decades, aversion in developing ethnic minority peripheral provinces, and prioritizing Persian-Shiite majority central parts of the country, has created an internal core- periphery pattern of economic (under)development. Finally, the thesis speculates, this pattern of economic development has influenced interprovincial migration patterns, in a way that populations migrate from underdeveloped ethnic minority periphery to developed Persian-Shiite majority core. Such migration patterns could pave the way for population mixing, and possibly cultural assimilation. MELLAT AND QOWM A POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY OF ‘NATION’ AND ‘ETHNICITY’ IN IRAN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University In partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Geography by Sanan Moradi Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2014 Advisor________________________ (Dr. Carl Dahlman) Reader_________________________ (Dr. Stanley Toops) Reader_________________________ (Dr. Neringa Klumbyte) Table of Contents List of Tables iv List of Maps v Acknowledgements vi Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Summary of Chapters 2 Chapter 2: Study Area 4 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 From Empire to State; a Brief History of Iran 4 2.2.1Safavid 4 2.2.2 Qajar 4 2.2.3 Pahlavi 5 2.2.4 The Islamic Republic 6 2.3 Physical Terrain 7 2.4 Ethnic Minorities of Iran; an Overview 8 2.4.1 Azeri 10 2.4.2 Kurd 12 2.4.3 Arab 15 2.4.4 Baluch 16 2.5 Conclusion 18 Chapter 3: Conceptual Framework 19 3.1.
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  • Caravan Routes of Iran
    magisterial, Science and Civilization in China, translation. Note in particular the translation 7 vols. in 27 (Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge of The History of al-Tabari / Ta‘rikh al-rusul wa‘l University Press, 1954-), alchemy is covered muluk, 40 vols. (Albany: State University of New in vol. 5, pts. 2-5; medicine in vol. 6, pt. 6. On York Pr., 1985-); The Fihrist of al-Nadim: a the importance of paper in the Islamic world Tenth-Century Survey of Muslim Culture, Bayard see Jonathan M. Bloom, “Silk Road or Paper Dodge, ed. and tr. (New York: Columbia Univ. Road?” The Silk Road 3/2 (2005): 21-26, which Pr., 1970); The Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. summarizes his elegant book Paper Before Print: 1325-1354, tr. H.A.R. Gibb [Works issued by The History and Impact of Paper in the Islamic the Hakluyt Society, 2nd ser., nos. 110, 117, 141, World (New Haven: Yale Univ. Pr., 2001). A good 178, 190], 5 vols. (Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge many (but by no means all) of the important Univ. Pr., 1958-2000). Arabic sources are available in English On the Road: Caravan Routes of Iran Frank Harold University of Washington, Seattle (USA) Photographs by Ruth Harold For travelers and merchants of the middle ages, long road journey in 2000, when tensions Iran was unavoidable. The great caravan roads abated for a time, which took us diagonally that linked China and India to Rome or across Iran from northwest to southeast, Constantinople passed through Persian lands, roughly following the route of Marco Polo’s and the sea-lanes terminated at ports in the journey in 1273 CE.
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  • The Dimensions of Threat and Insecurity Along the Iran's Eastern
    Journal of Politics and Law; Vol. 9, No. 10; 2016 ISSN 1913-9047 E-ISSN 1913-9055 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education The Dimensions of Threat and Insecurity along the Iran’s Eastern Borders with Emphasis on Drug Transit Ahmad Savarrakhsh1 & Ezzatollah Ezzati1 1 Department of Geography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran Correspondence: Ahmad Savarrakhsh, department of geography, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: [email protected] Received: July 9, 2016 Accepted: October 19, 2016 Online Published: November 30, 2016 doi:10.5539/jpl.v9n10p119 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v9n10p119 Abstract Borders are lines that separate a political unit or a country from other neighboring units or countries. The main function of the borders is determined in the interactions between surrounding countries and these mutual effects result in the governments in both sides of the border show a specific behavior towards each other. Considering what has been pointed above, the security geography of Iran’s eastern borders is highly influenced by the two neighboring countries, Afghanistan and Pakistan, which have special problems each and impact the security of Iran’s eastern borders at national and regional levels. The dimensions of threat and insecurity along the Iranian eastern borders are: drugs, terrorism, the Afghan immigrants, asylum-seekers and refugees, development of insecurity into Iran and religious actions. The drugs and drug transit, due to Iran’s adjacency to the golden crescent as the producer of 80 percent of opiates in the world, being between the source (Afghanistan and Pakistan) and target (Turkey and Europe) of the path and the destructive impacts of the drugs on country, in addition to the order villages and regions and the high costs that drugs have imposed on Iran, are highly and more significantly important.
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  • Iran: an Old Civilization and a New Nation State
    Iran: An Old Civilization and a New Nation State by Pirouz Mojtahed-Zadeh This is the first part of a two-part article. Part I, “The Iranian Tradition of Statehood,” discusses the ramifications for present-day Iran of political relations in association with the political organization of space in the ancient world. Part II, “Iran's Geopolitical Regions in the 21st Century,” will be published in a future issue of FOCUS on Geography. Part I. The Iranian Tradition of Statehood Introduction: An Ancient State and geopolitics that started in late 18th north; by Afghanistan and Pakistan to Its Many Neighbors century and ended in World Wars I and the east; by Turkey and Iraq to the west; II in the 20th century. and by the Persian Gulf, Strait of Iran has functioned for at least 5000 During World War II, the country Hormuz and Gulf of Oman (including years as a civilization and as fertile was occupied by Anglo-Russian forces the countries of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, ground for the emergence of the on the unsubstantiated allegation that Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and the United world's first state in the modern sense Iran had joined with Nazi Germany; in Arab Emirates [U.A.E.]), and the of the word. The administration of Iran fact, Tehran had officially declared its northwest corner of the Indian Ocean has historically been plagued with impartiality in the war and adequately to the south (see map on pages 18-19). difficulties of exerting authority defended that impartiality. The Allies With such a large number of neighbors, outside the main areas of population had to invade and occupy Iran in order Iran has had to derive a set of highly and, therefore, in fixing its national to turn it into a land bridge for logistic complicated border arrangements, frontiers.
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