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7 Recommended Groundwater Protection Zones REPUBLIC OF LEBANON FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Council for Development and Federal Institute for Geosciences Reconstruction and Natural Resources CDR BGR Beirut Hannover TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT NO.: 2008.2162.9 Protection of Jeita Spring Technical Report 7 Groundwater Vulnerability in the Groundwater Catchment of Jeita Spring and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones Using the COP Method Raifoun February 2013 German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Technical Report No. 7: Groundwater Vulnerability in the Groundwater Catchment of Jeita Spring and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones using the COP Method Author: Dr. Armin Margane & Philip Schuler, MSc., both BGR Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ) Project: Protection of Jeita Spring BMZ-No.: 2008.2162.9 BGR-Archive No.: xxxxxxx Date of issuance: February 2013 No. of pages: 133 page II German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Technical Report No. 7: Groundwater Vulnerability in the Groundwater Catchment of Jeita Spring and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones using the COP Method Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................IX 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3 2 METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................ 4 2.1 EPIK METHOD .............................................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Introduction to the EPIK Method ......................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Examples for Applications of the EPIK Method................................................. 10 2.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the EPIK Method ....................................... 10 2.1.4 Data Requirements for the EPIK Method .......................................................... 10 2.2 COP METHOD ............................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1 Introduction to the COP-Method........................................................................ 12 2.2.2 Examples for the Application of the COP-Method............................................. 17 2.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the COP-Method........................................ 17 2.2.4 Data Requirements for the COP Method .......................................................... 17 2.3 SOURCE OF DATA ....................................................................................................... 18 3 MODIFICATION OF COP METHOD ............................................................................ 21 3.1 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF C-FACTOR ............................................................ 27 3.1.1 Layer VII ............................................................................................................ 28 3.1.2 Layer VIII ........................................................................................................... 29 3.1.3 Layer IX ............................................................................................................. 30 3.1.4 Layer X .............................................................................................................. 30 3.1.5 Layer XI ............................................................................................................. 31 3.1.6 Layer C_1.......................................................................................................... 31 3.1.7 Layer C_2.......................................................................................................... 31 3.1.8 Final C Layer ..................................................................................................... 31 3.2 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF O-FACTOR............................................................ 32 3.2.1 Layer I & II ......................................................................................................... 32 3.3 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF P-FACTOR ............................................................ 32 3.3.1 Layer XIII ........................................................................................................... 33 3.3.2 Layer XIV........................................................................................................... 34 3.3.3 Final P Layer ..................................................................................................... 36 3.4 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF S-FACTOR ............................................................ 36 4 GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY IN THE AREA OVERLYING JEITA CAVE....... 36 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE FINAL GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY MAP............... 38 5.1 VERY HIGH VULNERABILITY .......................................................................................... 38 5.2 HIGH VULNERABILITY................................................................................................... 39 5.3 MODERATE VULNERABILITY ......................................................................................... 39 5.4 LOW VULNERABILITY ................................................................................................... 40 5.5 VERY LOW VULNERABILITY........................................................................................... 40 6 GROUNDWATER POLLUTION RISKS ....................................................................... 41 6.1 AGRICULTURE............................................................................................................. 41 6.2 DUMPSITES................................................................................................................. 42 page III German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Technical Report No. 7: Groundwater Vulnerability in the Groundwater Catchment of Jeita Spring and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones using the COP Method 6.3 GAS STATIONS ............................................................................................................ 43 6.4 LIVESTOCK ................................................................................................................. 44 6.5 QUARRIES .................................................................................................................. 45 7 RECOMMENDED GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES ..................................... 46 7.1 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR JEITA SPRING ............................................. 49 7.1.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 49 7.1.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 52 7.1.3 Protection Zone 3 ............................................................................................ 57 7.2 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR ASSAL SPRING ........................................... 59 7.2.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 59 7.2.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 61 7.3 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR LABBANE SPRING....................................... 64 7.3.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 64 7.3.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 67 7.4 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR AFQA SPRING............................................. 70 7.4.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 71 7.4.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 72 7.5 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR ROUAISS SPRING........................................ 74 7.5.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 75 7.5.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 75 8 PROPOSED LANDUSE RESTRICTIONS.................................................................... 76 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES............................ 89 10 PROPOSED MONITORING OF IMPACT FROM EXISTING GROUNDWATER HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................ 90 11 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................. 91 12 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................. 93 ANNEX GIS ........................................................................................................................ 99 ANNEX 1: DOCUMENTATION OF C LAYERS IN ARCGIS.............................................. 99 1.1 LAYER VII ..................................................................................................................
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