REPUBLIC OF LEBANON FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY Council for Development and Federal Institute for Geosciences Reconstruction and Natural Resources CDR BGR Beirut Hannover TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT NO.: 2008.2162.9 Protection of Jeita Spring Technical Report 7 Groundwater Vulnerability in the Groundwater Catchment of Jeita Spring and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones Using the COP Method Raifoun February 2013 German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Technical Report No. 7: Groundwater Vulnerability in the Groundwater Catchment of Jeita Spring and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones using the COP Method Author: Dr. Armin Margane & Philip Schuler, MSc., both BGR Commissioned by: Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (Bundesministerium für wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung, BMZ) Project: Protection of Jeita Spring BMZ-No.: 2008.2162.9 BGR-Archive No.: xxxxxxx Date of issuance: February 2013 No. of pages: 133 page II German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Technical Report No. 7: Groundwater Vulnerability in the Groundwater Catchment of Jeita Spring and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones using the COP Method Table of Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................IX 0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 3 2 METHODOLOGY............................................................................................................ 4 2.1 EPIK METHOD .............................................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Introduction to the EPIK Method ......................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Examples for Applications of the EPIK Method................................................. 10 2.1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the EPIK Method ....................................... 10 2.1.4 Data Requirements for the EPIK Method .......................................................... 10 2.2 COP METHOD ............................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1 Introduction to the COP-Method........................................................................ 12 2.2.2 Examples for the Application of the COP-Method............................................. 17 2.2.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of the COP-Method........................................ 17 2.2.4 Data Requirements for the COP Method .......................................................... 17 2.3 SOURCE OF DATA ....................................................................................................... 18 3 MODIFICATION OF COP METHOD ............................................................................ 21 3.1 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF C-FACTOR ............................................................ 27 3.1.1 Layer VII ............................................................................................................ 28 3.1.2 Layer VIII ........................................................................................................... 29 3.1.3 Layer IX ............................................................................................................. 30 3.1.4 Layer X .............................................................................................................. 30 3.1.5 Layer XI ............................................................................................................. 31 3.1.6 Layer C_1.......................................................................................................... 31 3.1.7 Layer C_2.......................................................................................................... 31 3.1.8 Final C Layer ..................................................................................................... 31 3.2 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF O-FACTOR............................................................ 32 3.2.1 Layer I & II ......................................................................................................... 32 3.3 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF P-FACTOR ............................................................ 32 3.3.1 Layer XIII ........................................................................................................... 33 3.3.2 Layer XIV........................................................................................................... 34 3.3.3 Final P Layer ..................................................................................................... 36 3.4 PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATION OF S-FACTOR ............................................................ 36 4 GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY IN THE AREA OVERLYING JEITA CAVE....... 36 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE FINAL GROUNDWATER VULNERABILITY MAP............... 38 5.1 VERY HIGH VULNERABILITY .......................................................................................... 38 5.2 HIGH VULNERABILITY................................................................................................... 39 5.3 MODERATE VULNERABILITY ......................................................................................... 39 5.4 LOW VULNERABILITY ................................................................................................... 40 5.5 VERY LOW VULNERABILITY........................................................................................... 40 6 GROUNDWATER POLLUTION RISKS ....................................................................... 41 6.1 AGRICULTURE............................................................................................................. 41 6.2 DUMPSITES................................................................................................................. 42 page III German-Lebanese Technical Cooperation Project Protection of Jeita Spring Technical Report No. 7: Groundwater Vulnerability in the Groundwater Catchment of Jeita Spring and Delineation of Groundwater Protection Zones using the COP Method 6.3 GAS STATIONS ............................................................................................................ 43 6.4 LIVESTOCK ................................................................................................................. 44 6.5 QUARRIES .................................................................................................................. 45 7 RECOMMENDED GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES ..................................... 46 7.1 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR JEITA SPRING ............................................. 49 7.1.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 49 7.1.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 52 7.1.3 Protection Zone 3 ............................................................................................ 57 7.2 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR ASSAL SPRING ........................................... 59 7.2.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 59 7.2.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 61 7.3 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR LABBANE SPRING....................................... 64 7.3.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 64 7.3.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 67 7.4 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR AFQA SPRING............................................. 70 7.4.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 71 7.4.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 72 7.5 GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES FOR ROUAISS SPRING........................................ 74 7.5.1 Protection Zone 1 ............................................................................................ 75 7.5.2 Protection Zone 2 ............................................................................................ 75 8 PROPOSED LANDUSE RESTRICTIONS.................................................................... 76 9 IMPLEMENTATION OF GROUNDWATER PROTECTION ZONES............................ 89 10 PROPOSED MONITORING OF IMPACT FROM EXISTING GROUNDWATER HAZARDS ............................................................................................................................ 90 11 GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS .............................................................................. 91 12 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................. 93 ANNEX GIS ........................................................................................................................ 99 ANNEX 1: DOCUMENTATION OF C LAYERS IN ARCGIS.............................................. 99 1.1 LAYER VII ..................................................................................................................