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A Case Study of Akole Tehsil, Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra State, India

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A Case Study of Akole Tehsil, Ahmednagar District, Maharashtra State, India Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT IN TRIBAL AREA - A CASE STUDY OF AKOLE TEHSIL, AHMEDNAGAR DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA STATE, INDIA. Dr. Giri Sanjay Pralhad 1 Gadekar Deepak Janardhan2 1Asst. Professor and Research Guide, Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Pravaranagar A/P- Loni Kd. Tal-Rahata, Dist- Ahmednagar, (MS), India. Pin-413 713. 2Asst. Professor, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts Science & Commerce, Pravaranagar Maharashtra, India. Department of Geography UG and PG, Affiliated Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune, Tal -Rahata Dist- Ahmednagar, M.S, India 413713. ABSTRACT: Planning and Development is a continuous process that is about human beings and it is the context of that region. Development is also related to science and technology it includes the development of human beings in development and their happiness and their collective development. The development has continued process and dynamic in nature in the world. To measure the level of development in the study area 19 indicators have applied. Indicators are broadly divided into four categories namely, demography, Amenities, Agricultural, and Occupation. The level of development at the village level in the study area. The Z score method was use to study the level of development in the tribal area. This research will show which village is low developed and developed. This research will be useful to the local Gram Panchayat and the various bodies of the Government for solving local problems. KEY WORDS: Tribal Region, Z score, Composite score, Human Resources Devolvement (HRD) INTRODUCTION: The concept of development and Planning is a dynamic nature. Chandna R.C (2012), the process of development in the context of regional planning refers to the quality of functioning of a regional system. A regional system is a set of integrated region. The development process in any region is the function of the interplay of five factors of Physical resources, Degree of technology advancement, social structure, economic setup and polity. The same indicators of development such as Economic Development, Agricultural, Industrial, Transport, Social and Infrastructure Volume IX, Issue VIII, AUGUST/2020 Page No : 297 Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150 development. Deshmukh S (2019), According to the 2011 census years, there is 104.3 million tribal population living in India. According to the 2011 census year, there are 1, 05, 10,213 tribal populations living in Maharashtra. According to the 2011 census in Ahmednagar district is habited of 8.33 percent tribal population of Maharashtra. In the Ahmednagar district, it is more than 80 percent of tribal population is concentrated in only 4 Tehsils e.g. Akole (47.86 percentage) Sangamner (10.59 percentage), Kopargaon (11.37 percentage), and Rahuri (10.54 percentage). Gadekar D.J (2016) he studied human resource development in akole tahsil and studied eight indicators of development. Those indicators are population density, growth rate, sex ratio, literacy, agricultural density, nutritional, caloric density, and marginal resource density. Gadekar D.J (2017) Development is continues process that occupies redeployment and reorientation of the whole economic and social system. The development of any region depends on the resources among them, there is a greater emphasis on human resources. Jayakumar et.al, (2016) Social and economic justice, equality of status and opportunities, and cultural and educational status are insured by the Constitution of India for all citizens and also provide enriched provisions for scheduled caste and tribes. Shejul M.E (2020) the economic development in any area depends on the local natural and human resources. At the same time economic development in the region is not uniform because of the uneven distribution of resources. (Gadekar D.J 2015; 2016; 2018); Shejul M.E (2020) The Z score statistical formula is importance for leveling the development. It affects natural, economic and political factors are on development, due to the facts that the hilly region has the largest number of unequal distribution of natural resources in these area. This study area has been selected for this study as it is expected to be in the tribal area. There is a Hugh disparity in economic inequality in these area. STUDY AREA: The geographically Ahmednagar district is the largest district, in the state of Maharashtra, divided into 14 Tehsil. One of the Akole Tehsil which is on the western Hilly region of Ahmednagar district is divided into 191 villages. Surrounded by Sangamner tahsil from East direction, West direction in Thane district, to the North direction of Nashik district and into the South direction Pune district. Akole Tehsil is located at 19015' 14'' N to 190 44' 59'' N latitude and 730 37' 00''to 740 07' 24'' E longitudes (Map. No 1). Total Geographical area is 1, 49,990.31 hector (1499sq.K.M). According to the 2011 Census year, the total population of this tehsil is, 2, 7, 7 1, 71, out of 1, 01,966 Tribal population living in this study area. Volume IX, Issue VIII, AUGUST/2020 Page No : 298 Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150 Map No 1: Geographical Location HYPOTHESES: The hypotheses of this form are taken for this research. The hypothesis is development in Akole Tehsil has been uneven and the effect of topography on development. The based on this hypothesis the researcher in achieving the following objective and use of methodology. AMIS AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the infrastructural facilities in the study area and to examine the level of development in Akole Tehsil at village level in the base of 2011 census year. METHODOLOGY: The infrastructural information is collected from the census of India 2011 and other government publications and institutional records. In the present study human resources, amenities, agriculture, and occupation, the position is taken into consideration. The study has been approved by 19 parameters that have been transformed into suitable scores with the vision of development. The scores find have been extra therefore to develop the composite score for the village level. The villages are behind that classified and identified based on composite scores. The 19 parameter selection criteria were used positive relation of parameters. The villages are classified into the five categories in backward, poor, moderately developing, developing, developed villages. The score values of the parameters like population density, population growth, sex ratio, irrigated area, main workers, other main workers, and marginal workers have been calculated using the range from mean (-) 3 STD to mean (+) 3 STD. The Z score method and the score value method agreed in the Volume IX, Issue VIII, AUGUST/2020 Page No : 299 Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150 present study score values have been ciphered. Therefore, the villages include values less than the mean negatively scored and those above mean positively scored show in detail table no1. Table no 1: Calculation Scoring Methods for Development Sr.no Scoring Value Method Scoring value 1 Less than Mean-SD-SD Value 0 2 Mean-SD-SD 1 3 Mean-SD 2 4 Mean 3 5 Mean +SD 4 6 Mean +SD+SD 5 7 Mean +SD+SD+SD 6 Source: Computed by Researcher INDICATORS: To measure the level of development in the study area 19 indicators have applied. Indicators are broadly divided into four categories namely, demography, Amenities, Agricultural, and Occupation. The Z Scores and composites score used methods to study the level of development using all the following nineteen indicators. But not everyone uses this Z and composite methods. For some indicators, the Z score and the composite score method are used. These indicators are as follows, Table no 1 and 2. These Z score methods apply in Population density, Literacy, Population Growth rate, S.T population, Main workers, HH workers, marginal Main workers, and Marginal HH workers. The additional second method used of composite score value, these methods apply in sex ratio, education, medical, drinking water, distance from market, banking, types of electrical, accessibility, accessibility, communication and irrigation area. The composite value maximum for the lower, maximum number of amenities or area maximum score value, and the lower number of amenity values was low. Volume IX, Issue VIII, AUGUST/2020 Page No : 300 Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150 Table No 2: List of Indicators Sr.no Name of indicators Sr.no Name of indicators A Demography 11 Types of Electrification 01 Population Density 12 Accessibility 02 Literacy 13 Communication 03 Sex Ratio C Agricultural 04 Population Growth 14 Irrigated Area 05 S.T Population D Occupation B Amenities 15 Main Workers 06 Education 16 HH worker 07 Medical Facilities 17 Other Main Workers 08 Drinking Water Facility 18 Main Marginal workers 09 Distance from the Market Place 19 Marginal HH worker 10 Banking Facility Source: Computed by Researcher RESULT AND DISCUSSION: In order to plan for development need to first study the local natural and human resources of an area or need to know. Some importance indictors have been taken to study the level of development, mainly the five indictors of the demography, eight indicators to take from amenities or infrastructure, five indicators from occupation. This research has been done according to the 2011 census. According to the 2011 census, the year level of development has been classified into five groups based on the Z score method. The first value is less than 30 to Z score value those villages are backward. The second level is poor villages Z score value is 31 to 40. The third level is Moderately Developing, Z score valve was 41 to 50. Fourth and Fifth number level is developing and developed villages scoring value is 51 to 60, and last more than 61 scoring value Table no3. The development in the study area has been largely influenced by natural factors such as topography.
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