Mukt Shabd Journal ISSN NO : 2347-3150

LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT IN TRIBAL AREA - A CASE STUDY OF TEHSIL, DISTRICT, STATE, .

Dr. Giri Sanjay Pralhad 1 Gadekar Deepak Janardhan2 1Asst. Professor and Research Guide, Post-Graduate Department of Botany, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Pravaranagar A/P- Loni Kd. Tal-Rahata, Dist- Ahmednagar, (MS), India. Pin-413 713.

2Asst. Professor, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts Science & Commerce, Pravaranagar Maharashtra, India. Department of Geography UG and PG, Affiliated Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune, Tal -Rahata Dist- Ahmednagar, M.S, India 413713.

ABSTRACT: Planning and Development is a continuous process that is about human beings and it is the context of that region. Development is also related to science and technology it includes the development of human beings in development and their happiness and their collective development. The development has continued process and dynamic in nature in the world. To measure the level of development in the study area 19 indicators have applied. Indicators are broadly divided into four categories namely, demography, Amenities, Agricultural, and Occupation. The level of development at the village level in the study area. The Z score method was use to study the level of development in the tribal area. This research will show which village is low developed and developed. This research will be useful to the local Gram Panchayat and the various bodies of the Government for solving local problems. KEY WORDS: Tribal Region, Z score, Composite score, Human Resources Devolvement (HRD) INTRODUCTION: The concept of development and Planning is a dynamic nature. Chandna R.C (2012), the process of development in the context of regional planning refers to the quality of functioning of a regional system. A regional system is a set of integrated region. The development process in any region is the function of the interplay of five factors of Physical resources, Degree of technology advancement, social structure, economic setup and polity. The same indicators of development such as Economic Development, Agricultural, Industrial, Transport, Social and Infrastructure

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development. Deshmukh S (2019), According to the 2011 census years, there is 104.3 million tribal population living in India. According to the 2011 census year, there are 1, 05, 10,213 tribal populations living in Maharashtra. According to the 2011 census in is habited of 8.33 percent tribal population of Maharashtra. In the Ahmednagar district, it is more than 80 percent of tribal population is concentrated in only 4 Tehsils e.g. Akole (47.86 percentage) (10.59 percentage), Kopargaon (11.37 percentage), and Rahuri (10.54 percentage). Gadekar D.J (2016) he studied human resource development in akole tahsil and studied eight indicators of development. Those indicators are population density, growth rate, sex ratio, literacy, agricultural density, nutritional, caloric density, and marginal resource density. Gadekar D.J (2017) Development is continues process that occupies redeployment and reorientation of the whole economic and social system. The development of any region depends on the resources among them, there is a greater emphasis on human resources. Jayakumar et.al, (2016) Social and economic justice, equality of status and opportunities, and cultural and educational status are insured by the Constitution of India for all citizens and also provide enriched provisions for scheduled caste and tribes. Shejul M.E (2020) the economic development in any area depends on the local natural and human resources. At the same time economic development in the region is not uniform because of the uneven distribution of resources. (Gadekar D.J 2015; 2016; 2018); Shejul M.E (2020) The Z score statistical formula is importance for leveling the development. It affects natural, economic and political factors are on development, due to the facts that the hilly region has the largest number of unequal distribution of natural resources in these area. This study area has been selected for this study as it is expected to be in the tribal area. There is a Hugh disparity in economic inequality in these area. STUDY AREA: The geographically Ahmednagar district is the largest district, in the state of Maharashtra, divided into 14 Tehsil. One of the Akole Tehsil which is on the western Hilly region of Ahmednagar district is divided into 191 villages. Surrounded by Sangamner tahsil from East direction, West direction in Thane district, to the North direction of district and into the South direction Pune district. Akole Tehsil is located at 19015' 14'' N to 190 44' 59'' N latitude and 730 37' 00''to 740 07' 24'' E longitudes (Map. No 1). Total Geographical area is 1, 49,990.31 hector (1499sq.K.M). According to the 2011 Census year, the total population of this tehsil is, 2, 7, 7 1, 71, out of 1, 01,966 Tribal population living in this study area.

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Map No 1: Geographical Location HYPOTHESES: The hypotheses of this form are taken for this research. The hypothesis is development in Akole Tehsil has been uneven and the effect of topography on development. The based on this hypothesis the researcher in achieving the following objective and use of methodology.

AMIS AND OBJECTIVE: To assess the infrastructural facilities in the study area and to examine the level of development in Akole Tehsil at village level in the base of 2011 census year.

METHODOLOGY: The infrastructural information is collected from the census of India 2011 and other government publications and institutional records. In the present study human resources, amenities, agriculture, and occupation, the position is taken into consideration. The study has been approved by 19 parameters that have been transformed into suitable scores with the vision of development. The scores find have been extra therefore to develop the composite score for the village level. The villages are behind that classified and identified based on composite scores. The 19 parameter selection criteria were used positive relation of parameters. The villages are classified into the five categories in backward, poor, moderately developing, developing, developed villages. The score values of the parameters like population density, population growth, sex ratio, irrigated area, main workers, other main workers, and marginal workers have been calculated using the range from mean (-) 3 STD to mean (+) 3 STD. The Z score method and the score value method agreed in the

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present study score values have been ciphered. Therefore, the villages include values less than the mean negatively scored and those above mean positively scored show in detail table no1. Table no 1: Calculation Scoring Methods for Development Sr.no Scoring Value Method Scoring value 1 Less than Mean-SD-SD Value 0 2 Mean-SD-SD 1 3 Mean-SD 2 4 Mean 3 5 Mean +SD 4 6 Mean +SD+SD 5 7 Mean +SD+SD+SD 6 Source: Computed by Researcher INDICATORS: To measure the level of development in the study area 19 indicators have applied. Indicators are broadly divided into four categories namely, demography, Amenities, Agricultural, and Occupation. The Z Scores and composites score used methods to study the level of development using all the following nineteen indicators. But not everyone uses this Z and composite methods. For some indicators, the Z score and the composite score method are used. These indicators are as follows, Table no 1 and 2. These Z score methods apply in Population density, Literacy, Population Growth rate, S.T population, Main workers, HH workers, marginal Main workers, and Marginal HH workers. The additional second method used of composite score value, these methods apply in sex ratio, education, medical, drinking water, distance from market, banking, types of electrical, accessibility, accessibility, communication and irrigation area. The composite value maximum for the lower, maximum number of amenities or area maximum score value, and the lower number of amenity values was low.

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Table No 2: List of Indicators Sr.no Name of indicators Sr.no Name of indicators A Demography 11 Types of Electrification 01 Population Density 12 Accessibility 02 Literacy 13 Communication 03 Sex Ratio C Agricultural 04 Population Growth 14 Irrigated Area 05 S.T Population D Occupation B Amenities 15 Main Workers 06 Education 16 HH worker 07 Medical Facilities 17 Other Main Workers 08 Drinking Water Facility 18 Main Marginal workers 09 Distance from the Market Place 19 Marginal HH worker 10 Banking Facility Source: Computed by Researcher

RESULT AND DISCUSSION: In order to plan for development need to first study the local natural and human resources of an area or need to know. Some importance indictors have been taken to study the level of development, mainly the five indictors of the demography, eight indicators to take from amenities or infrastructure, five indicators from occupation. This research has been done according to the 2011 census. According to the 2011 census, the year level of development has been classified into five groups based on the Z score method. The first value is less than 30 to Z score value those villages are backward. The second level is poor villages Z score value is 31 to 40. The third level is Moderately Developing, Z score valve was 41 to 50. Fourth and Fifth number level is developing and developed villages scoring value is 51 to 60, and last more than 61 scoring value Table no3. The development in the study area has been largely influenced by natural factors such as topography. The effect of topography in this area is seen on the development of agricultural on the basis of population density and on the development of facilities and various factors such as transport.

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Map No 02: Development of Akole tehsil (2011Census)

Table no 3: Level of development Sr no Z Score Level of Development Number of village Percentages of value (2011) Villages 1 Less than 30 Backward Villages 31 16 2 31-40 Poor Villages 97 51 3 41-50 Moderately Developing Villages 52 27 4 51-60 Developing Villages 9 5 5 More than 61 Developed Villages 2 1 Total 191 100 Source: Computed by Researcher (Table no. 03), There are 191 villages in Akole tehsil out of which 31 are backward, that is 16 percentage are also provided the maximum is 97 villages about 51 parentages under development. There are only two villages have developed mainly Akole and Rajur. According to 2011 census year to have backward villages are 31, those villages having not good positions of Sex ratio, Literacy, Main worker, Medical facilities, Drinking water, Irrigation, and Banking faculties. Backward villages are Bhojadarawadi, Bitaka, Dhagewadi,

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Digambar, Dongarwadi, Esarthav, Jaynawadi, Khetewadi, Kokanwadi, Kumshet, Lavhali Kotul, Lavhali Otur, Morwadi, Pachanai, Pedhewadi, Phophasandi, Poparewadi, Shinde, Shiswad, Shivajinagar, Titavi, and Umbarwad etc. According to 2011census there are 97 villages was poor states because of Sex ratio, Literacy, Main worker, Medical facilities, Drinking water, irrigation, and banking faculties these amenities is poor developed or position were villages are Abit Khind, Agar, Ambevangan, Ambikanagar, Babhul Wandi, Badgi, Baravwadi, Bari, Bhojadarawadi, Bholewadi, Bori, ChandSuraj, Chandgirwadi, Chichondi, Chinchavane etc. The backward and poor villages located in western, southwest, south, and north direction. This area was a hilly part, therefore, a large limitation of supply of amenities and low transport connectivity. These villages, major features of this area is that these villages have the highest ST population, so this area is a very low literacy rate. Also, because of the hilly area in these areas under cultivation is very less and the irrigated area is very less. The expectation is that out of the total 191 villages, 128 villages are poor and backward. Which means that 67 percentage of the villages are not developed in study area. In short all villages need to be properly planned for various indictors. According to the 2011 census, the year Moderately Developing village is 52 which is 27 percentage of villages. Those villages are progressive for development because of theses maximum villages located on the eastern side of the study area. This road network is developing in all these villages with support to education, health, communication, and all amenities that are developing. This means that the topographic effects are on development as well as on the various things amenities and demographic characteristics. According to 2011 census year, developing villages are 09 these villages was progressive of Agastinagar, Belapur, Bramhanwada, Deothan, Dongargaon, Induri, KalasBk, Kotul, Navalewadi, Rumbhodi, Samsherpur, Sugaon Bk., Virgaon. In these villages 19 indicators being developed because of these all villages located on the eastern side of the study area. The eastern side are is a well-planned area, good source of irrigation. Due to lack of mountainous area best transport network in these areas is very large connected in the nearest city and each other. According to 2011 census year, Developed villages are 02 namely Akole and Rajur because of akole is tehsil place so good infrastructures.

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CONCLUSION: The overall scenario of amenities provided in the study region is not satisfying in an especially hilly area. Percentage of villages having infrastructural facilities like accessibility, medical, drinking water, market, banking, communication. There are 191 villages in Akole tehsil out of which 31 are backward, that is 16 percentage are also provided the maximum is 97 villages about 51 parentages under development. There are only two villages have developed mainly Akole and Rajur. All backward and poor villages come towards the well, which is in the direction of west, north, south, and middle part this all area is hilly. Therefore effected topography on Population density, and provided amenities. Otherwise, the eastern part comes to the planning area, thus good fertile soil, good agricultural development, irrigation, road connectivity thus those are villages progressive of development.

IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY: The present study not only will this research work be useful for solving social and economic problems, but it can also be useful in the context of population classical facilities. Also, information about how all facilities are distributed as well as the fact that the topography effects on development. This kind of study implies the future planning aim of achieving complete growth. It would positively be useful for planners, researchers, and implementation agencies.

.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:

The author is thankful to the Principal and Vice-Principal of Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science & Commerce, Pravaranagar for providing valuable co-operation and facilities during research work and thanks HOD and My colleague with all PG students.

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