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U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce
U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND COMMERCE December 8, 2016 TO: Members, Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade FROM: Committee Majority Staff RE: Hearing entitled “Mixed Martial Arts: Issues and Perspectives.” I. INTRODUCTION On December 8, 2016, at 10:00 a.m. in 2322 Rayburn House Office Building, the Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade will hold a hearing entitled “Mixed Martial Arts: Issues and Perspectives.” II. WITNESSES The Subcommittee will hear from the following witnesses: Randy Couture, President, Xtreme Couture; Lydia Robertson, Treasurer, Association of Boxing Commissions and Combative Sports; Jeff Novitzky, Vice President, Athlete Health and Performance, Ultimate Fighting Championship; and Dr. Ann McKee, Professor of Neurology & Pathology, Neuropathology Core, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University III. BACKGROUND A. Introduction Modern mixed martial arts (MMA) can be traced back to Greek fighting events known as pankration (meaning “all powers”), first introduced as part of the Olympic Games in the Seventh Century, B.C.1 However, pankration usually involved few rules, while modern MMA is generally governed by significant rules and regulations.2 As its name denotes, MMA owes its 1 JOSH GROSS, ALI VS.INOKI: THE FORGOTTEN FIGHT THAT INSPIRED MIXED MARTIAL ARTS AND LAUNCHED SPORTS ENTERTAINMENT 18-19 (2016). 2 Jad Semaan, Ancient Greek Pankration: The Origins of MMA, Part One, BLEACHERREPORT (Jun. 9, 2009), available at http://bleacherreport.com/articles/28473-ancient-greek-pankration-the-origins-of-mma-part-one. -
The Evolution from Martial Arts to Self Defence
The Evolution from Martial Arts to Self Defence There is no doubt that Jujitsu has changed along with human evolution. Currently, this art has shifted to more functional practices to suit present needs. With this change in Jujitsu practices, it has taken it away from being a martial art and transformed to a self-defence style, combat sport or combat art. The etymology of martial art is of importance in determining whether Jujitsu can still be classified as such. In this context, martial means ‘of war, warlike’ and art a ‘nonscientific branch of knowledge’. Taking this description into account, can it be stated still that Jujitsu is a warlike art? Jujitsu was originally a martial art from Japan created to defeat an opponent without using weapons or only a short weapon. Jujitsu was developed among the samurai of feudal Japan and also, limited to this upper class group. The Samurais knew that striking against an armored opponent was ineffective, hence they learned to neutralize the enemies by using forms of pins, joint locks, and throws. These techniques were developed based on the principle mentioned above that seeks to use the attacker's energy against them. There are many variations of the art, which leads to a diversity of approaches. Jujutsu schools (ryū) may utilize all forms of grappling techniques to some degree, for example, throwing, trapping, joint locks, holds, gouging, biting, disengagements, striking, and kicking. In addition to jujitsu, many schools teach the use of weapons. Then, to describe Jujitsu as a martial art would no longer be correct as it is no longer used to defeat opponents that wear armour or carry small weapons in battle fields. -
Fight Night Round 3 (Xbox 360)
Fight Night RouNd 3 (XboX 360) WARNING Complete CoNtRols Block, punch, and dance around the ring in your pursuit of the world title by using Before playing this game, read the Xbox 360 Instruction Manual and any EA SPORTS™ Fight Night Round 3’s innovative control system. peripheral manuals for important safety and health information. Keep all manuals for future reference. For replacement manuals, see www.xbox.com/ geNeRal gameplay support or call Xbox Customer Support (see inside of back cover). Pause game Lean/Body punch Parry/Block Important Health Warning About Playing Switch stance Signature punch Video Games Clinch Camera relative Illegal blow movement Photosensitive Seizures Signature punch A very small percentage of people may experience a seizure when exposed Taunt to certain visual images, including fl ashing lights or patterns that may appear in video games. Even people who have no history of seizures or epilepsy may have an undiagnosed condition that can cause these “photosensitive Total Punch Control epileptic seizures” while watching video games. (see below) These seizures may have a variety of symptoms, including lightheadedness, Note: To parry/block, pull and hold ^ + move C. altered vision, eye or face twitching, jerking or shaking of arms or legs, Note: To lean, pull and hold ] + move L. disorientation, confusion, or momentary loss of awareness. Seizures may also cause loss of consciousness or convulsions that can lead to injury from total punch CoNtRol falling down or striking nearby objects. With Total Punch Control, you direct every movement your boxer makes in the ring. Whether Immediately stop playing and consult a doctor if you experience any of attacking the body with a straight right or sneaking in a left hook before the bell, determine these symptoms. -
Health Benefits & Risks in the Young Judo Athlete
Health Benefits & Risks in the Young Judo Athlete USA Judo Sports Medicine Subcommittee Robert S. Nishime, M.D. The goal of USA Judo Sports Medicine is to promote and facilitate a healthy athletic lifestyle through safe judo participation. The health and safety of judo participants should always remain the number priority when advising or caring for our athletes. History and Philosophy Judo is one of the most participated sports worldwide, with practitioners spanning all age groups, gender lines, and ethnicities. Judo was originally derived from a truly “combat” oriented martial art known as jujitsu. Jujitsu was basically developed in medieval feudal Japan for battlefield ‘hand-to-hand/sword’ confrontations when a Samurai warrior lost his sword during combat. Therefore jujitsu became by necessity, a “dangerous” form of combat for survival and an adjunctive tool for victory during war. However, through the founder of judo, Professor Jigoro Kano, jujitsu made a profound transition from a dangerous, primarily combative art form. Professor Kano modified various styles of jujitsu into a “safe”, life enhancing martial art, which he called Judo or the “gentle way”, that is now an Olympic sport. He accomplished this in part by removing many of the striking, kicking, gouging, and joint locking techniques that were primarily intended to maim or injure an opponent. He retained and created techniques that could be practiced relatively safely and harmoniously between practitioners. He placed much emphasis on achieving “mutual benefit” when individuals train together. Professor Kano redirected the primary goals of training in his martial art from self-defense and survival to the development of mind, body, and character. -
State Athletic Commission 10/25/13 523
523 CMR: STATE ATHLETIC COMMISSION Table of Contents Page (523 CMR 1.00 THROUGH 4.00: RESERVED) 7 523 CMR 5.00: GENERAL PROVISIONS 31 Section 5.01: Definitions 31 Section 5.02: Application 32 Section 5.03: Variances 32 523 CMR 6.00: LICENSING AND REGISTRATION 33 Section 6.01: General Licensing Requirements: Application; Conditions and Agreements; False Statements; Proof of Identity; Appearance Before Commission; Fee for Issuance or Renewal; Period of Validity 33 Section 6.02: Physical and Medical Examinations and Tests 34 Section 6.03: Application and Renewal of a License as a Professional Unarmed Combatant 35 Section 6.04: Initial Application for a License as a Professional Unarmed Combatant New to Massachusetts 35 Section 6.05: Application by an Amateur for a License as a Professional Unarmed Combatant 35 Section 6.06: Application for License as a Promoter 36 Section 6.07: Application for License as a Second 36 Section 6.08: Application for License as a Manager or Trainer 36 Section 6.09: Manager or Trainer May Act as Second Without Second’s License 36 Section 6.10: Application for License as a Referee, Judge, Timekeeper, and Ringside Physician 36 Section 6.11: Application for License as a Matchmaker 36 Section 6.12: Applicants, Licensees and Officials Must Submit Material to Commission as Directed 36 Section 6.13: Grounds for Denial of Application for License 37 Section 6.14: Application for New License or Petition for Reinstatement of License after Denial, Revocation or Suspension 37 Section 6.15: Effect of Expiration of License on -
Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Villanova University School of Law: Digital Repository Volume 20 Issue 2 Article 4 2013 Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ultimate Fighting Championship and its Struggle Against the State of New York Over the Message of Mixed Martial Arts Daniel Berger Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons, and the First Amendment Commons Recommended Citation Daniel Berger, Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ultimate Fighting Championship and its Struggle Against the State of New York Over the Message of Mixed Martial Arts, 20 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports L.J. 381 (2013). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj/vol20/iss2/4 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. \\jciprod01\productn\V\VLS\20-2\VLS204.txt unknown Seq: 1 14-JUN-13 13:05 Berger: Constitutional Combat: Is Fighting a Form of Free Speech? The Ul Articles CONSTITUTIONAL COMBAT: IS FIGHTING A FORM OF FREE SPEECH? THE ULTIMATE FIGHTING CHAMPIONSHIP AND ITS STRUGGLE AGAINST THE STATE OF NEW YORK OVER THE MESSAGE OF MIXED MARTIAL ARTS DANIEL BERGER* I. INTRODUCTION The promotion-company -
AMATEUR MIXED MARTIAL ARTS Rules and Regulations Split Or
AMATEUR MIXED MARTIAL ARTS Rules and regulations Split or different style events Cards split between professional and amateur matches shall be left at the discretion of the sanctioning Commissions. National Database Event Registration All Promoters are required to register in a timely manner, their event in advance with the Association of Boxing Commissions designated national record keeper, MMA.TV, and receive approval from this agency for each specific requested bout Weight classes of amateur mixed martial artists Amateur mixed martial artist shall be divided into the following classes: 01Flyweight (125and under) with not more than a 10 pound spread 02Bantamweight ……………..(126 - 135) 03Featherweight ……………..(136 - 145) 04 Lightweight ………………..(146 - 155) 05 Welterweights …………….(156 - 170) 06 Middleweights ……….……(171 - 185) 07 Light Heavyweights ……...(186 - 205) 08 Cruiser Heavyweights ... ..(206 - 230) 09 Heavyweights…………… .(231 - 265) 10Super Heavyweight over …(265) Weighing of mixed martial artists Weigh in will be determined at the discretion of the sanctioning Commissions. Cage All amateur contests will take place in a cage or ring left at the discretion of the sanctioning Commissions. All rings must adhere to a minimum of five ropes as a standard safety precaution. Equipment The appropriate equipment shall be approved at the discretion of the sanctioning Commissions. Specifications for bandages on mixed martial artists’ hands All mixed martial arts contestants shall be required to gauze and tape their hands prior to all contests. Bandages and tape shall be placed on a contestant’s hands in the dressing room in the presence of the inspector and, if desired, in the presence of the chief second of his or her opponent. -
Gary Russell, Patrick Hyland, Jose Pedraza, Stephen Smith
APRIL 16 TRAINING CAMP NOTES: GARY RUSSELL, PATRICK HYLAND, JOSE PEDRAZA, STEPHEN SMITH NEW YORK (April 7, 2016) – The boxers who will be fighting Saturday, April 16 on a SHOWTIME CHAMPIONSHIP BOXING® world title doubleheader are deep into their respective training camps as they continue preparation for their bouts at Foxwoods Resort Casino in Mashantucket, CT. In the main event, live on SHOWTIME® (11 p.m. ET/8 p.m. PT), the talented and speedy southpaw Gary Russell Jr. (26-1, 15 KOs) makes the first defense of his WBC Featherweight World Title against Irish contender Patrick Hyland (31-1, 15 KOs). In the SHOWTIME co-feature, unbeaten sniper Jose Pedraza (21-0, 12 KOs) risks his IBF 130-pound world title as he defends his title for the second time against a mandatory challenger, Stephen Smith (23-1, 13 KOs). Russell, who won the 126-pound title with a fourth-round knockout over defending champion Jhonny Gonzalez on March 28, 2015, trains in Washington, D.C. Hyland, whose only loss suffered was to WBA Super Featherweight World Champion Javier Fortuna, has been training at a gym in Dublin, Ireland, owned and operated by his trainer, Paschal Collins, whose older brother Steve was a former two-time WBO world champion. Paschal Collins also boxed as a pro but is best known for being Irish heavyweight Kevin McBride’s head trainer during his shocking knockout of Mike Tyson. The switch-hitting Pedraza, a 2012 Puerto Rican Olympian, has been working out in his native Puerto Rico. Smith, of Liverpool, England, has been training in the UK. -
Hand to Hand Combat
*FM 21-150 i FM 21-150 ii FM 21-150 iii FM 21-150 Preface This field manual contains information and guidance pertaining to rifle-bayonet fighting and hand-to-hand combat. The hand-to-hand combat portion of this manual is divided into basic and advanced training. The techniques are applied as intuitive patterns of natural movement but are initially studied according to range. Therefore, the basic principles for fighting in each range are discussed. However, for ease of learning they are studied in reverse order as they would be encountered in a combat engagement. This manual serves as a guide for instructors, trainers, and soldiers in the art of instinctive rifle-bayonet fighting. The proponent for this publication is the United States Army Infantry School. Comments and recommendations must be submitted on DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) directly to Commandant, United States Army Infantry School, ATTN: ATSH-RB, Fort Benning, GA, 31905-5430. Unless this publication states otherwise, masculine nouns and pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Hand-to-hand combat is an engagement between two or more persons in an empty-handed struggle or with handheld weapons such as knives, sticks, and rifles with bayonets. These fighting arts are essential military skills. Projectile weapons may be lost or broken, or they may fail to fire. When friendly and enemy forces become so intermingled that firearms and grenades are not practical, hand-to-hand combat skills become vital assets. 1-1. PURPOSE OF COMBATIVES TRAINING Today’s battlefield scenarios may require silent elimination of the enemy. -
Author's Notes
AUTHOR’S NOTES Jared Michael Coseglia Writer & Director Cutman: a boxing musical When we endeavored to write Cutman, I didn’t know a thing about boxing. It was the summer of ’06. Reality TV was in its prime. My best friend and co-writer, Cory Grant, called me and said, “You gotta start watching The Contender. It’s heart-breaking.” So I did, and it was. It was my first real empathetic moment for boxers. Watching these men sacrifice their lives and their bodies brutally battling for success, hoping to provide for their families when they become superstars. Ah…The American Dream. Work hard. Be great at what you do. Have success. Support your family. Live your dream. I can relate. I knew I wanted to write a play about a boxer. And if we were going to write a musical about boxing, we knew that one of us would have to learn how to box. So I started boxing. That’s when I met my Haitian Harlem trainer, JR “All-Day-Every-Day” Fiote at the PrintingHouse Gym (RIP). He is my cornerman and now one of my best friends. He saw me hitting an uppercut bag and stopped me: "You gotta hit with your knuckles...otherwise, you just slappin’ that bag." The first of many lessons. Now JR and I spar regularly at Trinity Boxing in Manhattan with the likes of the Guzman brothers, Hector and Jennifer Santiago, and the amazing Ronson Frank (16-0 (8)). I’ve been through 14 pairs of gloves. I started to learn how to box five years ago so I could write this play, and now boxing is an integral and inseparable part of who I am and who I will be for the rest of life. -
Apb Coaches Manual
APB COACHES MANUAL Supplement to AIBA COACHES MANUAL published in August 2011 FOREWORD AIBA Professional Boxing Coaches Manual is designed as an addition to AIBA Coaches Manual helping the coach understand the fundamentals of AIBA Professional Boxing. The AIBA Professional Boxing Coaches Manual assists coaches’ development and enhances the qualities in coaching providing the coach with the knowledge and personal skills to manage a successful career in AIBA Professional Boxing. AIBA Coaches Commission 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................ 2 Part 1. About coaching in APB ........................................................................................... 5 1.1. Definition of Boxer in APB ....................................................................................... 5 1.2. Difference between AOB and APB , coaching aspects ........................................... 6 1.3. What is fundamental in APB ................................................................................... 7 Part 2. Coach in APB ......................................................................................................... 8 2.1. The role of the coach in APB ...................................................................................... 8 2.2. Responsibility before, during and after the competition ............................................... 8 2.2.1. Role of the coach in APB .................................................................................... -
Mixed Martial Arts Rules for Amateur Competition Table of Contents 1
MIXED MARTIAL ARTS RULES FOR AMATEUR COMPETITION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE Page 2 2. VISION Page 2 3. WHAT IS THE IMMAF Page 2 4. What is the UMMAF Page 3 5. AUTHORITY Page 3 6. DEFINITIONS Page 3 7. AMATEUR STATUS Page 5 8. PROMOTERS & REQUIREMENTS Page 5 9. PROMOTERS INSURANCE Page 7 10. PHYSICIANS AND EMT’S Page 7 11. WEIGN-INS & WEIGHT DIVISIONS Page 8 12. COMPETITORS APPEARANCE& REQUIREMENTS Page 9 13. COMPETITOR’s MEDICAL TESTING Page 10 14. MATCHMAKING APPROVAL Page 11 15. BOUTS, CONTESTS & ROUNDS Page 11 16. SUSPENSIONS AND REST PERIODS Page 12 17. ADMINISTRATION & USE OF DRUGS Page 13 18. JURISDICTION,ROUNDS, STOPPING THE CONTEST Page 13 19. COMPETITOR’s REGISTRATION & EQUIPMENT Page 14 20. COMPETITON AREA Page 16 21. FOULS Page 17 22. FORBIDDEN TECHNIQUES Page 18 23. OFFICIALS Page 18 24. REFEREES Page 19 25. FOUL PROCEDURES Page 21 26. WARNINGS Page 21 27. STOPPING THE CONTEST Page 22 28. JUDGING TYPES OF CONTEST RESULTS Page 22 29. SCORING TECHNIQUES Page 23 30. CHANGE OF DECISION Page 24 31. ANNOUNCING THE RESULTS Page 24 32. PROTESTS Page 25 33. ADDENDUMS Page 26 PROTOCOL FOR COMPETITOR CORNERS ROLE OF THE INSPECTORS MEDICAL HISTORY ANNUAL PHYSICAL OPTHTHALMOLOGIC EXAM PROTOCOL FOR RINGSIDE EMERGENCY PERSONNEL PRE & POST –BOUT MEDICAL EXAM 1 SCOPE: Amateur Mixed Martial Arts [MMA] competition shall provide participants new to the sport of MMA the needed experience required in order to progress through to a possible career within the sport. The sole purpose of Amateur MMA is to provide the safest possible environment for amateur competitors to train and gain the required experience and knowledge under directed pathways allowing them to compete under the confines of the rules set out within this document.