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Maryland Counties 2019-10

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9/23/2019 Leonard Calvert Alicia Crossland How The Counties got 1550-1611 1552-1587 their Boundaries King James I made Calvert the first baron of Baltimore in 1625, in recognition of 1632 – Today his services and loyalty to the Crown. 387 years of expansion, grants, divisions, Sir George Calvert The “Manor of Baltimore” was a 2,300- revisions, surveys and litigation 1st Lord Baltimore acre estate in County Longford, Ireland. 1580-1632 When James I died his son, Charles I, also called on Calvert to assist him in matters of state. Sir George Calvert – Investment/Colonizing in the New World Cecil Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore 1605-1675 1609 - Investment in Second Virginia Company 1609 - Investment in the East India Company Son and heir to Sir George Calvert 1614 - Increase investment in East India Company June 20, 1632 - King Charles I 1620 - Purchase a tract of land in Newfoundland “Avalon” Charter of Maryland granted to Cecil Calvert 1621 - Dispatched welsh colonists to establish settlement at “Ferryland” 1623 - Obtained concession from James I for additional land in Newfoundland 1625 - Calvert resigns as Royal secretariat of state, converts to Catholicism 1625 - James I dies, Charles I begins crackdown on Catholics in parliament 1627 - Calvert visits Newfoundland and finds climate and land hostile for a colony 1628 - Sails again to Newfoundland with family, experiences terrible winter 1629 - Sends children back to England and sails with wife to Virginia 1629 - Forced to leave Virginia for not taking oath against Catholicism 1630 to 1632 - Lobbies for new charter in climate suitable to grow tobacco (1580-1632) 1632 - Granted a charter in Carolina, but opposed due to proposed sugar plantations 1632 - Revised charter to give Calvert land north of the Potomac River April 15, 1632 - George Calvert dies June 20, 1632 - Charter to Maryland is passed 1681 Charter Disputed Area 1632 Boundary as per the written charter 1632 Charter 1682-85 From the Fortieth Degree of From the Fortieth Degree of latitude to the first spring of the latitude to the first spring of the Potomac and the Entire Delmarva Potomac and the Entire Delmarva Peninsula to Watkins Point Peninsula to Watkins Point 1 9/23/2019 Colonial Maryland Flag (prior to 1776) Current Maryland Flag Why did Maryland Erect Counties? (1880 to present) Need based, not politics or subdivision Population Growth Primarily Agrarian Society Edward Bennett Mathews (1869-1944) Expansion of Settled Areas compiled “The Counties of Maryland” in 1906. Need to Conduct Official Business He was State Geologist and Superintendent of the Survey from 1917 to 1943. Time required to travel to County Seat MARYLAND - named for Henrietta Maria of France (1609-1669). Wife of the reigning Charles I, King of England. The birthplace of Religious Freedom ST. MARY’S COUNTY - named for the Virgin Mary, since the landing at St. Clement’s Island, by the ships Ark and Dove, was made on the Feast of the Annunciation, March 25, 1634. 1637 1637 St. Mary’s County Henrietta Maria English Monarch – Charles I Proprietor – Cecil Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore Governor – Leonard Calvert 1642 Kent County The colored areas represent the probable extent of Maryland’s first county was established probably by an order of the Governor, Leonard Calvert (Cecil Calvert’s brother). knowledge and the shading the extent of settlement at the end of the time period. Would have included all known land along the Chesapeake Bay and rivers. First Mention was in a Commission dated January 24, 1637 to John Lewger “…to be Conservator of the Peace within the County of St. Mary’s…” KENT COUNTY - named for the county of the William Clayborne Meanwhile back in England… same name bordering the English Channel in established a trading post on the southeast of England. (Cecil Calvert was Kent Island in 1631 under a permit to trade along the Cecil Calvert never got to travel to Maryland. He stayed in England to deal born in Kent County, England) Chesapeake. This led to with ongoing threats to oppose/change Maryland’s Charter. numerous conflicts when Marylanders settled in 1634. King Charles I was accused of treason against England by using his power to 1642 An order in 1638 decided in favor of Lord Baltimore’s pursue his personal interest rather than the good of the country. He was rights in the Isle of Kent . found guilty and executed on January 30, 1649 Charles I Kent County, English Civil Wars (1642-1651) between Parliamentarians and Royalists, 1660-1649 England forced the England heir apparent, Charles II, to flee to mainland Europe. Commonwealth of England English Monarch – Charles I English Council of State (1649-1653) Proprietor – Cecil Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore Cromwell Rule – Lord Protector of the Commonwealth Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658) Governor – Leonard Calvert Oliver Cromwell Richard Cromwell (1658-1659) 1599-1658 Maryland’s second county was established probably by an order of the Governor and Council. It was originally referred English Council of State (1659-1660) to as the “Isle of Kent.” Monarchy Returns Charles II First Mention was in Commission dated August 2, 1642 appointing William Ludington and Richard Thomson “…to be Charles II returns to London on May 29, 1660 as lawful Monarch 1630-1685 Comissioners within the Said Island…” 2 9/23/2019 ANNE ARUNDEL COUNTY - named for the Lady Anne Arundell (1615-1649), the wife of Cecil Calvert 1650 Lady Anne Arundell would have been 35 years old when the 1650 county was named after Anne Arundel her. She died the year County before it was erected. England – The Commonwealth under the Cromwell rule 1650 Charles (old) (Charles II in mainland Europe) County Proprietor – Cecil Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore The colored areas represent the probable extent of Governor – William Stone knowledge and the shading the extent of settlement at the end of the time period. Anne Arundel county was erected by the Acts of the Assembly, 1650 Chapter 7. The boundaries of the county were described as “…on the west side of the Bay of Chessopeack over against the Isle of Kent…” Religious Fighting in Maryland CHARLES COUNTY (old) - named for King Charles I (deceased), 1650 King Charles II (age 20) or Charles Calvert (age 13)? Maryland was founded for providing religious tolerance of England's Roman Catholic minority. Catholics were less than 10% of the population of Maryland. 1634 – About 140 settlers land in Maryland to begin a new colony. 1642 – Puritans left Virginia and founded Providence (now Annapolis). Civil Wars started in England. 1644 – Puritan, William Claibourne, seized Kent Island while Richard Ingle took over St. Mary’s City. 1644 to 1646 – Captured, imprisoned and sent Catholic priests back to England, “The Plundering Time.” 1646 – Leonard Calvert recaptured St. Mary’s City and restored order. 1647 – Leonard Calvert dies of a sudden illness. 1649 – “Maryland Toleration Act” granting religious liberty to all Trinitarian Christians. 1650 – Puritans revolted against proprietary government and swept Catholics out of the legislature. Puritans set up new King Charles I King Charles II Charles Calvert government prohibiting both Roman Catholicism and Anglicanism. 1655 – Battle of the Severn at the Puritan settlement of Providence. England – The Commonwealth under the Cromwell rule 1650 to 1658 – Puritan Rule and Mobs burned all Catholic churches in Southern Maryland. (Charles II in mainland Europe) 1658 – Calvert family and Lord Baltimore regained proprietary control and re-enacted the Toleration Act. Proprietor – Cecil Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore Governor – William Stone Charles (old) county was erected by an Order in Council, dated October 3, 1650. Issued at the direct instigation of Lord Baltimore, Cecil Calvert. The county lasted from 1650 to 1654. • Called Calvert County for a brief time in 1654, however it was renamed Patuxent County (1654-1658) during the Puritan Revolution. • In 1658 the name was changed back to Calvert County when proprietary government was restored. CALVERT COUNTY - named for the family name of • The Puritan government also changed the name of Anne Arundel County to Providence County and St. Mary’s County changed to Lord Baltimore, Proprietary of the Maryland colony. Potomac County during this time. 1654 1654 Calvert County England – The Commonwealth under the Cromwell rule (Charles II in mainland Europe) Proprietor – Cecil Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore Governor – William Stone The colored areas represent the probable extent of Calvert county was erected by an Order in Council, dated July 3, 1654. The boundaries of the county were described as knowledge and the shading the extent of settlement at the end of the time period. “…Bounded on the South Side with Pynehill River or Creeke to the head thereof and from thence through the woods to the head of Putuxent River being the Northerly bound of St. Maries County, and bounded on the North Side with the Creeke upon the Western Side of Chesapeake Bay called the herring Creeke and from thence through the woods to the head of Putuxent River being the Southerly bound of Annarundell County…” 3 9/23/2019 CHARLES - named for Charles Calvert, the 3 rd Lord Baltimore. The son of Cecil Calvert and Lady Anne Arundell. He was 21 years old. 1658 Charles Calvert is the First of the Lord Baltimore’s to set foot in 1658 Maryland when his father, Cecil Charles County Calvert, appoints him Governor in 1661. Charles is 24 years old when he becomes Governor. England – The Commonwealth under the Cromwell rule (Charles II in mainland Europe) Proprietor – Cecil Calvert, 2 nd Lord Baltimore 1659 Charles Calvert (1637 – 1715) Baltimore County Governor – Josias Fendall The colored areas represent the probable extent of knowledge and the shading the extent of settlement at Charles county was erected by the Governor and Council, April 13, 1658.
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